9 English

Quarter 1–Module 20:

Explaining How the Elements Specific to a Selection Build Its
Theme

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Sharie L. Miguel
Editor: Sharie L. Miguel
Reviewer: Sharie L. Miguel, Cherrylene M. Mendoza
Illustrator: Sharie L. Miguel
Layout Artist: Cherrylene M. Mendoza, Sharie L. Miguel

Management Team: Zenia G. Mostoles, EdD, CESO V, SDS

Leonardo C. Canlas, EdD, CESE, ASDS
Rowena T. Quiambao, CESE, ASDS
Celia R. Lacanlale, PhD SGOD Chief,
Arceli S. Lopez, PhD, SGOD Chief
June D. Cunanan, EPS-English
Ruby M. Jimenez, EPS-LRMDS
Published by the Department of Education, Schools Division of Pampanga
Office Address: High School Boulevard, Brgy. Lourdes, City of San Fernando, Pampanga
Telephone No: (045) 435-2728
E-mail Address: [email protected]
Introductory Message
For the Facilitator:

Welcome to the English 9 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Explaining How the
Elements Specific to a Selection Build Its Theme!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators from public
institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards
set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social, and economic
constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent learning
activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help learners acquire the
needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You also
need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage their own
learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as they do the
tasks included in the module.

For the Learner:

Welcome to the English 9 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Explaining How the
Elements Specific to a Selection Build Its Theme!

This module focuses on how authors produce literary works meant to entertain, to teach
moral lesson, to convey message, and to make the reader aware of the various aspects of
human condition. Through authors’ creativity, they are able to share ideas and express
themes that are relevant, timeless, and universal in nature.

With specific purpose in mind, authors develop universal themes in order to expand the
reader’s knowledge through the experiences integrated in their literary works.

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for guided
and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to process the
contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.
 What I Need to Know

This module will assist you in encouraging the learners to explain how the
elements specific to a selection build its theme!
Please help the learners in sharing their ideas and knowledge from their
experiences so that there will be collaboration, and learning will be easy.
Answers are written at the back of this module. Inculcate to the learners the
value of honesty while answering this module.
For the learner
A literary selection has five basic and essential elements: the setting,
the characters, the plot, the conflict, and the theme. The key elements allow a
certain selection to run smoothly and to develop the action logically in such a
way that reader can follow. If the readers understand and note the different
details on each of the elements of the selection, then it will not be difficult for
them to identify its theme. This lesson will introduce you on how the elements
contribute to build the theme of a selection.

You will be given activities that you can answer on your own after reading and
going through the different parts of this module. Please remember not to make
markings on this module and write your answers on your notebook.
At the end of this module, you are expected to:
1. identify the five essential elements of a selection;
2. differentiate theme from main idea and moral lesson; and
3. explain how elements specific to a selection build its theme.

What I Know

Read each description carefully. Then, arrange the jumbled letters inside the given
figure to unlock the correct word. Write your answers on your answer sheet.

1. – the time and place of the story

GNITTES

2. – the sequence of events of the story

TLPO
 ERTCARAHC

3. – the person who takes part in the

action of the story

EMHET
4. – the underlying message of the story

TCILFCON
5. – the struggle between two opposing
forces in the story

Read the poem below and do the task inside the notepad. Write your answers on your
answer sheet.
STORY ELEMENTS
Give one-line definition of each element taken from the poem.
by Sharie L. Miguel
Setting –
There are five essential things
One needs in reading or writing Characters –
That makes it fun and exciting
And everything else is engaging Plot –
Setting sets the vivid scene Conflict –
Where hard-fought battles begin
The place where you lose or win Theme -
It can happen even in between

Characters are people in the story

Things, animals…oh that’s many!
Some are pretty, witty, and silly
Others are curly, bubbly, and whiney
Plot is the sequence of events
And it has its own five
components
Actions occur in certain
arrangement So you can feel the
real enjoyment

Conflict is either internal or external

The man’s rival is sometimes natural
At times it is something mental or societal
The struggle can be detrimental and fatal

Theme holds all the key elements together

Underlying messages you count on your fingers
Love, courage, revenge, or death that lingers
It will make you understand the selection better

Identify the most notable pair of themes conveyed in each summary based on the
actions of the characters. Write your answers on your answer sheet.

Decision-making
Courage
Responsibility
Rejection

Father’s love
Respect
Social Discrimination
Acceptance

Footnote to Youth
by Jose Garcia Villa

In "Footnote to Youth" by José García Villa, Dudong asserts his supposed

maturity and marries Teang at the age of 17. He thinks they are old enough to take
on this responsibility, but after they have several children they both bemoan the
dissolution of their youth and the dreams that came along with it. Teang wonders
how things could have been if she'd married another of her suitors. At the end,
Dudong's son Blas approaches his father wanting to marry at about the same age,
even though Dudong doesn't want Blas to make the same mistake he did. However,
history ends up repeating itself.
Themes: _ _
 My Father Goes to Court
by Carlos P. Bulosan
The story is set in small town in Luzon. The young narrator begins by
describing his large family. Though they are poor they are full of mischief and
laughter. The children are all strong and healthy even though they often go hungry.
In contrast, their rich neighbor’s children are thin and sickly although they are given
plenty of good food, which their impoverished neighbors enjoy smelling over the
fence. Consequently, the rich man brings a charge against the narrator’s family for
stealing the spirit of his family’s food.
The case goes to court, and the narrator’s father agrees to pay back the rich
neighbor. He does this by collecting coins from all his friends present in his hat, then
shaking the hut full of coins. Being charged to pay the spirit of food which his family
got from its smell, he maintains that jingling of the coins is a fair equivalent.
The judge rules in the poor father’s favor, and the rich man is forced to depart
with no other payment than the “spirit” of the money the poor man collected.
Themes:
How My Brother Leon Brought Home a Wife
by Manuel E. Arguilla
The story started when Leon and his younger brother were both waiting for
the arrival of Leon's wife, Maria, riding in a carretela. As Baldo saw his older
brother's wife, he described her as lovely, tall, and beautiful. He narrated their
journey to Nagrebcan, their hometown. Leon wondered why Baldo drove them to the
Waig instead on the Camino Real. Baldo answered that he drove them to the Waig
because their father told him to follow the Waig. The Waig route served as a test for
the wife to see if she could really live in a province which was very different in a life
in a city where she lived.
While travelling, Maria described the place of Leon as clean, and free of dust
and smoke. Maria admitted of having some fears if the father of Leon would not
accept her as to be his daughter-in-law because she may not able to survive the life
in the province. When they got home, Leon's family talked to Maria. Baldo and his
father had a conversation about what had happened while they were travelling. The
father asked Baldo if Maria was afraid in their place. Baldo answered that Maria was
not afraid and instead she enjoyed the journey.
Themes: _

Lesson
Explaining How Elements Specific to a
11 Selection Build its Theme
As you continue your journey in learning literature, you’ll surely come across
the five important elements of a narrative: character, setting, plot, conflict, and
theme.
 A story is never complete without its multi-faceted main character, interesting setting,
engaging plot, a conflict to overcome, and a central theme or message.

In literary context, theme is the foundation that brings all other elements
together. It lingers throughout the entire story from the beginning to ending. It is
deemed necessary for writers to use more than one theme to convey the thoughts
and messages of their works. Let's start with a thorough review of this important
element.

What is a theme? In any literary works, theme is the underlying message that
the writers wish to express about the subject. Theme that employs views and
pertains to the nature of mankind or human interaction is called universal theme.
Universal theme is most commonly found in the fiction genre. It can be understood
by people regardless of age, gender, geography, or culture. Common themes can
include: honesty, loyalty, perseverance, friendship, death and dying, importance of
family, power of love, revenge, and redemption.

Examples of THEMES in Literature

Courage

with the theme

s characters whoofendure
revenge from nearly
a difficult war every angle honorable
and display and character viewpoint.
courage It also
in nearly plays
every on the theme of power because,
instance.
theme and the bravery that one must assume in order to survive.
age of the men fighting a war as well as the courage of the women who must make difficult decisions back on the home fro

features because Macduff,

revenge asatheme
one of the characters, makes many concerted

efforts to exact revenge on Macbeth after he learns of his family's death

 Anna Karenina by Leo Tolstoy focuses on love as a theme. What's interesting here is that love is displayed
Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen explores the theme of love during a time when people didn't really d
Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare also demonstrates how love can be such a driving force that, if

Friendship
Don Quixote by Miguel de Cervantes tells the story of two men who, essentially, embark on an epic road
Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone by J.K. Rowling embraces the theme of friendship. Harry, Ron, and Hermione
The Outsiders by Amanda Levickas promotes the theme of friendship and how having someone to lean o

The Book Thief by features a narrator who is Death himself, as he takes lives throughout WWII in Germany.
Death
 It is important not to confuse the theme and main idea. The theme is an
underlying message of bravery, or hope, or love. The main idea, however, is simply
what the story is about.

If the theme drives home the central message that the writer would like to
convey, then how is it any different from the moral of the story? In truth, themes are
far more general than the moral of the story.

The moral is a specific lesson that the author is trying to teach. Meanwhile,
the theme can be more generalized; there can also be more than one theme in a
story. Readers uncover theme(s) as they go along, because it consistently reappears
throughout the work of fiction (or nonfiction). As such, a moral can be a theme, but
the theme doesn't have to be the moral of the story.
 For example, in Romeo and Juliet, one could argue that the theme is the
power of love. Love drew these two characters to one another, and nothing was
going to stop them from coming together. However, the moral of the story is quite
different. The case could be made that the moral of the story is not to let old family
wounds carry on needlessly. Or, don't let your ego rule your life, especially when it
comes at the expense of your children's happiness.

So, the moral (repair old family wounds) can be one of the themes of the
story, but the theme (undying love) isn't necessarily the moral of the story.

What’s In

Draw a line to match the theme to its message. Do this activity on your answer
sheet.

THEME MESSAGE
1. Courage A. Don’t give up.
2. Hope B. Remember those in your life.
3. Friendship C. Face your fear and don’t be afraid.
4. Contentment D. Pay respect to someone or something.
5. Loyalty E. Good things are worth waiting for.
6. Perseverance F. Show your common interests and passion.
7. Dedication G. Stand up for someone or something.
8. Honor H. Keep going to achieve your goals.
9. Patience I. Stand by your friend in good and bad times.
10. Remembrance J. Be thankful with what you have.
 What’s New

Read the summary of the legend The Death of King Arthur and answer the
questions that follow.
The Death of King Arthur
by Sir Thomas Malory
King Arthur is known as one of the most popular legends of all time. There are
a number of stories and pieces of literature written about King Arthur's reign. The
most popular and historical story about King Arthur's death is a prose piece written
by Thomas Malory entitled Le Morte D' Arthur. This work was first published in 1485.
Although King Arthur tried to maintain structure and order as a king, betrayal by the
people closest to him eventually led to his demise.
Arthur was born to King Uther and a woman named Igraine. His mother was
married to another man. Arthur grew up with his foster father Sir Ector in secret. A
magician named Merlin suggested it would be better if no one knew Arthur was the
son of the King. Arthur served as squire for his foster brother and eventually became
king because he pulled a sword from a stone. While he was king, Arthur was
successful in defeating many enemies. King Arthur then decided to help others who
needed assistance along with his Knights of the roundtable.
Merlin, a wise magician, helped Arthur in battles throughout Arthur's life. One
of Arthur's best knights, Lancelot fell in love with King Arthur's wife Guinevere.
Lancelot tried to resist his feelings for the queen by going on several quests to find
The Holy Grail. Lancelot was unable to resist his desire for Guinevere and continued
his affair with her; this eventually led to the downfall of Arthur's kingdom.
King Arthur wanted to punish his wife and his knight for their affair and
planned to burn his wife at the stake. Lancelot saved Guinevere from her death. One
of Arthur's knights, his son Mordred, wanted to become king and encouraged King
Arthur to battle Lancelot. Mordred convinced everyone that King Arthur died in battle
and Mordred overtook the throne. When King Arthur discovered his son's betrayal,
he went home to reclaim his throne. While in battle with his son Mordred, King Arthur
died and Mordred was also fatally wounded. After his death, King Arthur's body was
sent on a boat down the Isle of Avalon, never to be seen again.

(Source: https://study.com/academy/lesson/the-death-of-arthur-summary-themes-quiz.html)

Comprehension Check:
Answer the following questions which may lead you in identifying the themes
of the story. Write your answers on your answer sheet.

What punishment did Arthur give to his unfaithful wife?

v Who suggested to Who saved Guinevere from death?
v hide Arthur as the
son of the King?
 Who killed Arthur?

What was the intention of Mordred when he encouraged Arthur to battle Lancelot?

What led to the downfall of Arthur’s Kingdom?

Based on your answers and the actions of the characters in the story, list down three
themes conveyed in the story. Write your answers on your answer sheet.
1.
2.
3.
(Note: You can read a complete summary of the story through this link https://www.gradesaver.com/le-
morte-darthur/study-guide/summary)

What is It

Discussion of Activity 1
When you read The Death of King Arthur, you encountered the various
elements of the story: setting, character, plot, conflict, and theme. These elements of
a story have a basic cause and effect relationship. Each one affects the other, and
the change, addition, or removal of even one element can dramatically impact the
story.
An author will choose a specific setting because the where and when of a
story has a direct impact on how the characters will think, act, perceive their
situation, and even interact with one another. The presence or absence of one
character could dramatically change the conflict or plot of the story. If the conflict is
changed, then the theme becomes something altogether different. Therefore, the
theme of a story is woven all the way through the story, and the characters' actions,
interactions, and motivations all reflect the story's theme.
Identifying the Theme in Five Steps
To identify the theme, be sure that you’ve first identified the story’s plot, the way the
story uses characterization, and the primary conflict in the story. Use these steps to
determine the theme for a work:
1. Summarize the plot by writing a one-sentence description for the exposition, the
conflict, the rising action, the climax, the falling action, and the resolution.
2. Identify the subject of the work.
3. Identify the insight or truth that was learned about the subject.
• How did the protagonist change?
• What lesson did the protagonist learn from the resolution of the conflict?
4. State how the plot presents the primary insight or truth about the subject.
5. Write one or more generalized, declarative sentence/s that state what was learned
and how it was learned.

What’s More

Independent Activity 1

Read the summary of “The Last Leaf” and be able to write five (5) themes
expressed in the story. Do this activity on your answer sheet.
The Last Leaf
By O’ Henry
"The Last Leaf" opens with a description of the winding streets of Greenwich
Village, New York City, where artists flock to find low-cost apartments with north-
facing windows and Dutch-style gables. After they meet at a restaurant, Sue and
Johnsy, the story's protagonists, discover they have similar tastes in art, food, and
fashion.
In May they get a studio apartment together in Greenwich Village. By
November, a pneumonia pandemic has hit New York. Johnsy, being used to
California's warmer weather, falls ill. A doctor assesses her, and informs Sue that
Johnsy’s chances of survival are one in ten, largely because she has lost the will to
live.
In Johnsy's room, Sue works on an illustration for a magazine. She hears
Johnsy quietly counting the leaves left on the old and struggling ivy vine that clings to
the brick of the neighboring building. Johnsy says there are only six left, and she has
known now for three days that she will die when the last leaf falls.
Sue asks her not to speak such nonsense and commands her to go to sleep.
Sue goes downstairs to ask old Behrman to pose for her drawing. Sixty-year-old
Behrman is a painter, but he has never found success. He always speaks of creating
a masterpiece, but he never starts it. He drinks heavily and feels he has a special
responsibility to protect the young women who live upstairs. Sue tells him about
Johnsy's superstitious belief that her life is connected to ivy leaves. Behrman
laments and denounces such foolishness.
Johnsy is asleep, so Sue lowers the window shade. In the other room, she
and Behrman look unhappily at the rain and snow and wind threatening the final ivy
leaves. Behrman poses and Sue draws him.
 In the morning, Johnsy asks Sue to raise the shade. Miraculously, a single
leaf remains attached to the vine, having withstood the night's storms. Johnsy says it
will surely fall by night, and then she too will die. But the leaf doesn't fall. In the
morning, Sue raises the shade to reveal that the leaf is still attached. Johnsy stares
at the leaf for some time. She then asks Sue for some broth; she now believes the
leaf is there to remind her that it is sin to wish to die.
The doctor visits and says Johnsy's chance are now fifty-fifty. He tells Sue he
must now visit Behrman, who has a critical case of pneumonia and needs to be
taken to hospital.
The next day the doctor says that Johnsy is beyond any danger. Behrman,
however, passed away after having been ill for only two days.
That afternoon, Sue goes to Johnsy and puts an arm around her. Sue
explains that Behrman died; two days earlier the building janitor found Behrman in
his room helpless with pain. He was soaked through with rain, and the janitor
wondered why he would have been out in the miserable night. He then found a
lantern still lit, a ladder, and a palette with green and yellow paints on it.
Sue asks Johnsy if she ever wondered why the last leaf never moved with the
wind. It's because Behrman painted it the night the actual last leaf fell, and he
contracted pneumonia in the process. It was Behrman’s greatest masterpiece, Sue
says.
Source: https://www.gradesaver.com/the-last-leaf/study-guide/summary

THEMES of the story “The Last Leaf”

Theme 1 Theme 2 Theme 3 Theme 4 Theme 5

Independent Assessment 1
Answer the following questions. Write your answers on your answer sheet.
1. Where did the story take place?
2. Who were the protagonists of the story?
3. What was Johnsy’s illness?
4. What did Johnsy count outside her window?
5. Who painted the last leaf on the wall?
 Answers:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Independent Activity 2

Cite three (3) moral lessons learned from the story “The Last Leaf”. Write your
answers on a separate sheet of paper.

Independent Assessment 2
In a five-sentence paragraph, explain why Mr. Behrman painted the last leaf on the
wall. Write your paragraph on a separate sheet of paper.

_
\
_
pendent Activity 3
Inde
_
_
_
Independent Activity 3
Read the story “The Lady or The Tiger”. Then, do the tasks that follow.

Frank R. Stockton’s ‘The Lady or the Tiger?’ is a short story begins with
the portrayal of a half-barbaric king who is an unpredictable man. He is inclined
to transforming odd likes he has into the real world. The story revolves around
the king’s manner to deal with equity. He has built a public arena with two doors
from the idea received from distant Latin neighbors.

Any individual under his rule who carries out a crime of adequate intrigue
is brought to the arena where they should pick their destiny by choosing between
two doors. A savage and ferocious tiger is left behind one door that will kill the
individual alive. Behind the other door is a reasonable woman and the individual
should marry her immediately whether he likes her or not. So the destiny of the
individual is sentenced to some coincidence. It has been known to every person
under his rule.

The King enjoys this arrangement of equity. At some point, the King
discovers that his daughter has fallen in love with a courageous and honest
young man. But the young man is a courtier and not of regal birth. Chafed by this,
he has brought the princess’ lover to the arena to decide his fate. During this
time, the princess utilizes her cleverness and pays off to gather information about
the doors. The lady who will be inside the door has recently stimulated jealous in
the princess.

Source: https://www.gradesaver.com/the-lady-or-the-tiger/study-guide/summary
ature.uni- bayreuth.de/en/teaching/documents/courses/Stockton1.pdf
Find the themes of the story “The Lady or The Tiger” in the puzzle and encircle the
correct answers. Copy the puzzle on a separate sheet of paper.

LOVE COMPASSION UNCERTAINTY CHOICES

BETRAYAL PASSION ACCEPTANCE CONTROL

JEALOUSY CONSEQUENCES

C O M P A S S I O N M N E S S O Z U
O E D P X F S M H T B K F T E P Y N
N O I S S A P N J E A L O U S Y O C
S T Q T Y C T C K Q C M G V F Q U E
E D E F Z C H O I C E S H W G R R R
Q R S G A E U N L R D N I X H S S T
U S T H B P V T M U F O J Y I T A A
E D E I C T W R N V G P K Z J U B I
N M N O D A X O P W H E L A K V E N
C D E P E N Y L Q X I V M B L W D T
E F G Q F C Z P R Z J O N C M X S Y
S T U R B E T R A Y A L O D N Y T S
Independent Assessment 3
One of the major themes of the story “The Lady or The Tiger” is love. Write two short
paragraphs on the moral lesson that you have learned about love as conveyed in the
story. Write your paragraphs on a separate sheet of paper.

_
_
_
_
_

_
__
_
_
_

What I Have Learned

The theme is the glue that binds the story together. If the theme is courage,
we'll see it in most of the pivotal plot elements. We'll admire the main character for
his strength and resolute behavior. We'll see it unfold, no matter the setting or
number of characters. In addition, theme keeps the writer on point and certainly
different from the main idea and the moral lesson of the story.

Let’s meet the three bears!

The first bear is Theme Bear, the second bear is Main Idea Bear, and the third bear
is Moral Lesson Bear. Give a short description of each bear. Do this activity on a
separate sheet of paper.

Theme Main Idea Moral Lesson

 What I Can Do

We are currently amidst a worldwide challenge that has changed our lives.
Billions of people are in lockdown and unable to perform the usual things they used
to do. The following listed on the chart are some relevant themes that can be
associated to the pandemic we have been experiencing for several months now. For
each theme, be able to cite one moral lesson learned during this time of pandemic.
The first one is done for you. Do this activity on a separate sheet of paper.

THEMES MORAL LESSON

1. Restriction Follow the rules. Observe physical
distancing and travel only when
necessary – to buy food and essential
items.
2. Preparedness

3. Sacrifice

4. Fear

5. Death

Assessment

Read each statement carefully. Write TRUE if it is correct and FALSE if otherwise.
Write your answers on your answer sheet.
1. The theme tells what is the story all about.
2. If the conflict is changed, then the theme becomes different.
3. The five elements have a cause-effect relationship.
4. The theme is the underlying message of the story.
5. The presence and absence of character could not change the plot
or conflict of the story.
6. The theme lingers only at the beginning of the story.
7. The moral is a specific lesson that the author is trying to teach.
8. The theme brings all the elements together.
_ 9. Moral can never be a theme but a theme can be a moral.
10. Universal theme is most commonly found in the nonfiction genre.
 Additional Activities

One of the most relevant themes in this time of pandemic is NEW NORMAL.
Find your learning style and do your assigned task. Do this activity on a separate
sheet of paper.

Compose a tribute song for the front liners.

Write a three-stanza poem with this title “Grow in the New Normal”.

Draw a poster about this quote “Stay Home, Save Lives”.

Write a news report on the latest COVID-19 issue in Pampanga.

Answer Key
References
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http://www.readwritethink.org/files/resources/lesson_images/lesson800/theme.pdf
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docs/resources/Reading%20Resources/Story%20Elements/Theme/Theme.pdf
“What exactly is the theme?” CliffNotes, 2020. Accessed July 8, 2020.
https://www.cliffsnotes.com/cliffsnotes/subjects/writing/what-exactly-is-a-theme-of-a-story-and-how-can-
i- recognize-it