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Quick Sort

Quicksort is an exchange sort that works by partitioning the data set around a pivot value. It recursively divides the data set into smaller subsets by placing elements smaller than the pivot on one side and larger elements on the other side. This process is repeated on each subset until the entire data set is sorted. Merge sort works by recursively dividing the data set into single elements and then merging the sorted subsets back together. It divides the input array into halves, recursively sorts the halves, and then merges the sorted halves. Both algorithms have an average time complexity of O(n log n).

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83 views7 pages

Quick Sort

Quicksort is an exchange sort that works by partitioning the data set around a pivot value. It recursively divides the data set into smaller subsets by placing elements smaller than the pivot on one side and larger elements on the other side. This process is repeated on each subset until the entire data set is sorted. Merge sort works by recursively dividing the data set into single elements and then merging the sorted subsets back together. It divides the input array into halves, recursively sorts the halves, and then merges the sorted halves. Both algorithms have an average time complexity of O(n log n).

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Nallagorla Vijaya Gopal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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(ii) Quick Sort:

 Quick Sort is also one of the exchange sort.


 In a quick sort we take pivot element, then we place all the smaller elements are on one
side of pivot, and greater elements are on other side of pivot.
 After partitioning we have pivot in the final position. After repeatedly partitioning, we
get the sorted elements.
Example:
Let us consider the elements:
35,50,15,25,80,20,90,45
 Let us consider the first element 35 as pivot or i. The last element 45 as j

 50 which is greater than pivot taken as i and the 20 smaller than pivot taken as j

 Now i is less than j so swap the elements in i and j.

 Find greater than 35 (80)is i and less than 35(25) is

 Now i is not less than j. swap 35 and j so 35 becomes at j place.

 Now 35 is in correct position.


 On left side and right side of 35 repeat the process. Consider on left side of 35
 Let 25 as pivot. The lesser of 25 that is 15 as j and there is no greater. So bring i after j i
> j so swap pivot and j.
Algorithm:

 Step 1: Let the first element taken as pivot


 Step 2: Find lesser of pivot say i and greater of pivot say j.
 Step 3: If i is less than j then i and j elements are swapped. Repeat step 2
 Step 4: Repeat step 3 until i > j Now swap j and pivot
 Step 5: Now the pivot element is final position.
 Repeat the above procedure for left and right side of pivot elements until all elements
are sorted
 Step 6: Stop

Program:
#include<stdio.h>
void quicksort(int a[25],int first,int last)
{
int i, j, pivot, temp;
if(first<last)
{
pivot=first;
i=first;
j=last;
while(i<j)
{
while(a[i]<a[pivot]&&i<=last)
i++;
while(a[j]>a[pivot])
j--;
if(i<j)
{
temp=a[i];
a[i]=a[j];
a[j]=temp;
}
}
temp=a[pivot];
a[pivot]=a[j];
a[j]=temp;
quicksort(a,first,j-1);
quicksort(a,j+1,last);
}
}
int main()
{
int i, n, a[25];
printf("Enter total a of elements:\n ");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("Enter elements:\n");
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
scanf("%d",&a[i]);
quicksort(a,0,n-1);
printf("The Sorted elements are:\n ");
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
printf(" %d",a[i]);
return 0;
}
Merging or Merge Sort:
 It divides input array into two halves, calls itself for the two halves and then sorted and
merged that two halves.
Example:
 For example consider the array of elements: 38, 27, 43, 3, 9, 82, 10
 Now the array is recursively divided into two halves till the size becomes one which is
shown in the following figure.

 Once the size becomes one, the merge process comes into action and starts merging with
sorted array till the complete array is merged.

Algorithm:
Step 1 − If it is only one element in the list then it is already sorted.
Step 2 − Divide the list recursively into two halves till the size becomes one.
Step 3 − Once the size becomes 1, the merge process comes into action and starts
merging with sorted array till the complete array is merged.
Program:
#include<stdio.h>
int n,a[30],i,j,k,temp[30];
void merge(int low,int mid,int high)
{
i=low;
j=mid+1;
k=low;
while((i<=mid) && (j<=high))
{
if(a[i]>=a[j])
temp[k++]=a[j++];
else
temp[k++]=a[i++];
}
while(i<=mid)
temp[k++]=a[i++];
while(j<=high)
temp[k++]=a[j++];
for(i=low;i<=high;i++)
a[i]=temp[i];
}
void mergesort(int low,int high)
{
int mid;
if(low!=high)
{
mid=((low+high)/2);
mergesort(low,mid);
mergesort(mid+1,high);
merge(low,mid,high);
}
}
int main()
{
printf("Enter total elements:\n");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("Enter elements:\n");
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
scanf("%d",&a[i]);
mergesort(0,n-1);
printf("After sorting is:\n");
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
printf(" %d",a[i]);
return 0;
}

Time Complexity:
 O(n^2) means that for every insert, it takes n*n operations. i.e. 1 operation for 1 item, 4
operations for 2 items, 9 operations for 3 items.

Comparison of Sorting Algorithms

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