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38.self & - Init - (Constructors) Python

The document discusses methods, constructors, and classes in object-oriented programming in Python. It explains that methods are like functions but must take the object as the first parameter, represented by the self keyword. The __init__ method is called a constructor and is used to initialize attributes when an object is created. Constructors can take parameters to set attribute values. The document provides an example class with a constructor that takes name, salary, and role and sets them as object attributes.

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Subhojit Singha
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88 views4 pages

38.self & - Init - (Constructors) Python

The document discusses methods, constructors, and classes in object-oriented programming in Python. It explains that methods are like functions but must take the object as the first parameter, represented by the self keyword. The __init__ method is called a constructor and is used to initialize attributes when an object is created. Constructors can take parameters to set attribute values. The document provides an example class with a constructor that takes name, salary, and role and sets them as object attributes.

Uploaded by

Subhojit Singha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Self & __init__() (Constructors) | Python Tutorials For Absolute Beginners In

Hindi #55

In this tutorial, we will be discussing methods and


constructors in detail. If you are familiar with any other
object-oriented programming language, then the concept
will be easy for you to grasp. So, let us begin with the
Method.

Method:

A method is just like a function, with a def keyword and a


single parameter in which the name of the object has to
be passed. The purpose of the method is to show all the
details related to the object in a single go. We choose
variables that we want the method to take but do not have
to pass all of them as parameters. Instead, we have to set
the parameters we want to include in the method during
its creation. Using methods make the process simpler and
a lot faster.

Self keyword:

The self keyword is used in the method to refer to the


instance of the current class we are using. The self
keyword is passed as a parameter explicitly every time we
define a method.
def read_number(self):
print(self.num)

__init__ method:-

"__init__" is also called as a constructor in object-oriented


terminology. Whereas a constructor is defined as:

"Constructor in Python is used to assign values to the


variables or data members of a class when an object is
created."
Python treats the constructor differently as compared to
C++ and Java. The constructor is a method with a def
keyword and parameters, but the purpose of a constructor
is to assign values to the instance variables of different
objects. We can give the values by accessing each of the
variables one by one, but in the case of the constructor,
we pass all the values directly as parameters. Self
keyword is used to assign value to a constructor too.

As there can be only one constructor for a specific class,


so the name of the constructor is a constant, i.e., __init__.

We declare a constructor in Python using def keyword,


def __init__(self):
# body of the constructor

Here,

 The def keyword is used to define the function.


 The first argument refers to the current object which
binds the instance to the init() method.
 In init() method ,arguments are optional. Constructors
can be defined with any number of arguments or with
no arguments.

For Example:
class Person:
def __init__(self, name, age):
self.name = name
self.age = age

p1 = Person("John", 36)
print(p1.name)
#Output: John

Types of constructors in Python

We have two types of constructors in Python.

1. The default constructor is the one that does not take


any arguments.
2. Constructor with parameters is known as
parameterized constructor.

Method vs. Function:

Methods and functions are very similar, yet there are


some differences:

 Methods are explicitly for Object-Oriented


programming.
 The method can only be used by the object that it is
called for. In simple terms, for a method, the
parameter must be an object.
 The method can only access the data that is
initialized in the class the method is formed in.

Code as described/written in the video

class Employee:
no_of_leaves = 8

def __init__(self, aname, asalary, arole):


self.name = aname
self.salary = asalary
self.role = arole

def printdetails(self):
return f"The Name is {self.name}. Salary is {self.salary} and role is {self.role}"

harry = Employee("Harry", 255, "Instructor")

# rohan = Employee()
# harry.name = "Harry"
# harry.salary = 455
# harry.role = "Instructor"
#
# rohan.name = "Rohan"
# rohan.salary = 4554
# rohan.role = "Student"

print(harry.salary)

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