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Session 2

This document provides an overview of computers, operating systems, and file management. It begins by outlining expected learning outcomes, including understanding basic computer components, operating systems, file structures, and productivity tips. It then defines what a computer is and describes common components like the CPU, RAM, storage devices, and input/output devices. It explains how computers function through the cycle of input, processing, output. It also differentiates between system software like operating systems, which manage hardware resources, and application software, which is designed for specific tasks. Examples of operating systems and applications are also provided.

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29 views13 pages

Session 2

This document provides an overview of computers, operating systems, and file management. It begins by outlining expected learning outcomes, including understanding basic computer components, operating systems, file structures, and productivity tips. It then defines what a computer is and describes common components like the CPU, RAM, storage devices, and input/output devices. It explains how computers function through the cycle of input, processing, output. It also differentiates between system software like operating systems, which manage hardware resources, and application software, which is designed for specific tasks. Examples of operating systems and applications are also provided.

Uploaded by

mohaddesa.hassani
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Computers, Operating Systems,

and File Management


Digital Literacy – section 001

Sediqa Safa

Jan 3rd, 2024


Expected Outcomes

o Understanding the Basics: Computers, Hardware, and Software


o Overview of Different Operating Systems
o File Structure and Organization
o File Types and Extensions
o Keyboard Shortcuts and Productivity Tips
o Copying, Pasting, and Formatting Text
o Basic Troubleshooting Techniques
What is a computer?

o A computer is an electronic device


that manipulates information, or data.
o Store, retrieve, and process data.
o Sequences of arithmetic or logical
operations automatically.
Components of a Computer
o Central Processing Unit (CPU): "brain" of the computer responsible
for processing instructions. (clock speed and cores).
o Random Access Memory (RAM): temporary storage, allows the
computer to quickly access and process data while running
programs.
o Storage Devices: Hard Disk Drives (HDD) and Solid State Drives
(SSD). Storing data for the long term.
o Motherboard: connects and facilitates communication between
various components.
o Input and Output Devices: keyboards, mice, monitors, and printers.
Facilitating communication between the user and the computer.
o Graphics Processing Unit (GPU): render and display visual
information.
Components of a Computer
CPU

Motherboard

RAM
Computer Functionality

o This cycle represents the flow of information and tasks within a computer
system.
Computer Functionality Benefits

o User Interaction: Knowing the flow helps users understand how their actions
impact the computer's response.

o Troubleshooting: When issues arise, understanding the flow assists in


identifying whether the problem lies in input, processing, or output stages.

o Basis for Computer Architecture: This basic cycle serves as the foundation
for more complex computer architectures and operations.
Software Types: System Software
o Definition: System software is a category of computer programs that
provide a foundation for the computer's functionality and help manage
hardware resources.

o Role in Managing Hardware Resources:


o Resource Allocation: System software manages the allocation of
resources such as CPU, memory, and input/output devices to different
software applications.
o Communication: Facilitates communication between hardware
components, ensuring seamless operation.
o Control: Controls and supervises the overall operation of the computer
system.
Examples
o Windows:
o Developed by Microsoft, Windows is one of the most widely used
operating systems for personal computers.
o Features a user-friendly interface (Start menu, taskbar, and a variety of
applications.)

o macOS:
o The operating system designed for Apple Macintosh computers.
o Sleek and intuitive design
o Emphasizes user experience (popular among creative professionals.)

o Linux:
o An open-source operating system used widely in server environments
and increasingly on desktop systems.
o Known for its stability, security, and customization options.
Cont.
o Differences: user interface, software availability, and security features.

o Graphical User Interface (GUI):


o Visual interface with graphical elements such as icons, buttons, and
windows.
o Intuitive and user-friendly environment
o Windows, macOS, and Linux desktop environments.

o Command Line Interface (CLI):


o Users interact with the computer through text commands.
o Provides more granular control and can be more efficient for certain
tasks.
o Linux and Unix-based systems, and server environments.
Software Types: Application Software

o Definition: Programs designed to perform specific tasks for end-users.

o Purpose and Functionality:


o Task-Oriented: Serves the needs and requirements of the user.
o User Interaction: It provides a user interface through which users
interact with the computer to accomplish specific tasks.
o Diverse Categories: Spans various categories, including word
processors, web browsers, graphics editors, games, and more.
Examples

o Microsoft Office Suite: like Microsoft Word (word processing), Excel


(spreadsheets), and PowerPoint (presentations).
o Web Browsers: Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, or Microsoft Edge.
o Adobe Creative Cloud: like Photoshop (image editing) and Premiere Pro
(video editing).
o Games: Various gaming applications designed for entertainment.
Any Questions, Suggestions, or
Comments?

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Kabul, Afghanistan

Main +93(0)729863447

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