Basic histology - study of microanatomy of cells, tissue, - capsule - outer stick protective layer

organ - cell wall - rigid structure which helps the bacterium

Histology - microscopic counterpart, which look larger maintain its shape
structures without microscope - plasma membrane - separate the cell from the
Histopathology - includes the microscope examination environment
Histology - greek word means "histos" means tissue and - mesosome - infolding of plasma membrane to aid in
"logos" to study. compartmentalization
Cell - means "cella'c small room. Basic structural, - nucleoid - region where naked DNA is found
functional "building block of life" - cytoplasm - semi fluid cell interior

Matthias Jakob Schcleiden and Theodore Schwann - Cell TISSUES:

Theory 4 CATEGORIES OF TISSUES
1. Epithelial tissues - derived from all the 3 germ layers
- cell that are fundamental unit, comes from pre- 2. Connective tissues from mesoderm
existing cells 3. Muscular tissues from mesoderm
- all cells contains hereditary information 4. Nervous tissues from ectoderm
2 TYPES OF EPITHELIAL TISSUE
EUKARYOTIC CELL - covering epithelium - defense, protects
Contain nucelus, organells and plasma membrane (can - glandular epithelium - secretion
go to mitosis) EPITHELIAL TISSUE
Cystoskeleton - provides support for the cell - Avascular
- microfilaments (action of myosin solid protein which is - have basement membrane
assemble at one end and dissambled at the other end. - the covering of lining of surface
- intermediate filaments (rope like fibrous proteins, - regenerative
PROVIDE STRUCTURAL REINFORCEMENT)
- microtubules (hollow tubes tubulin (a globular
protein), MAINTAIN CELL SHAPE)
Cillia - short, numerous, complex COVERING EPITHELIUM
Flagella - longer, fewer, less complex according to shape
Nucleus - double membrane with pores - squamous - flattened cells
•Nucleur matrix - protein containing fibilar network - cuboidal - cube like
•Nucleoplasm - fluid substance in which the solutes of - columnar - taller than the width
the nucleus are dissolved - transitional - change shape when stretend
•Chromosome - protein and DNA complexes according to cellular arrangement
- simple - mono bilayer of cells
Endoplasmic Reticulum - pseudostratified - appears more than 1 layer but not
- Rough ER has ribosomes and is involved in secreted - stratified - more than 1 layer
protein synthesis
- Smooth ER lacks ribosomes and is in the membrane SIMPLE SQUAMOUS (BLLE)
lipid synthesis Bowman capsule
Golgi Apparatus - form secretory vesicles to transport Loop of Henle
proteins to different parts of the cell Lung Alveoli
Lysosome - found only in animal cell, use in hydrolytic Endothelium of blood vessels
breakdown of macromolecules
SIMPLE CUBOIDAL (DW)
Peroxisome - eukaryotic organelle that degrades fatty Ducts of gland
acids and amino acids Wall of thyroid follicle
Ribosomes - involved in protein synthesis STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS (SE)
Skin (keratinized)
Esophagus, vagina (non-keratinized)
PROKARYOTIC CELL
that do not have true nucleus or membrane (ex. STRATIFIED CUBOIDAL
Bacteria) ducts of sweat gland
 - wharton jelly (acid mucopolysaccaride)
STRATIFIED COLUMNAR - Bone Marrow
male urethra - Lymph node (reticular)
- Embryo (messenchyme)
TRANSITIONAL - hypodermis
urinary tract dense connective tissue
- Dermis
PSEUDO STRATIFIED COLUMNAR - capsule of organs
female reproductive (non-cilliated) - tendons
trachea (cilliated)
epididymis
SPECIAL CONNECTIVE TISSUE
cartilage
- hyaline - trachea
- fibrous - intervertebral discs
GLANDULAR EPITHELIUM - elastic - ear epiglottis
exocrine •Blood, lymph, hematopoietic tissue
- with ducts bone
- tubular - cancellous/spongy/tubercular - epiphysus, ends of
- acinar long bones
- tubulo-acinar - compact/cortical - diaphysics, shaft

DEPOSITS FOUND IN CONNECTIVE TISSUE

Endocrine fibrin
- ductless - early: yellow ; old: blue
- direct into the blood stream - mallory's P
- hosphotunastic acid and hematoxylin
METHODS OF SECRETION - lendrums
Merocrine - markuscarlet blue
- no loss of cytoplasm fibrinoid
- goblet cells - necrotizing vasculitis
- sweat glands - staining reaction identical to fibrin
Holocrine - mixtures of exudates and altered cytoplasmic
- complete breakdown of cells constituents
- sebaceous glands hyaline
Apocrine degenerated collagen
- with cytoplasmic Hypertension
- milk secretion Atheroma
Diabetic kidney
CONNECTIVE TISSUE (collagen - major ingredients in all amyloid
connective tissues) TB, lepros, osteomyelitis
- blood stains for amyloid
- blood carrying tissue - congo red
STAINS - meta chromatic red
• van- giesons stain - thioflacine
• Massons trichome
• Malloys anihine blue MUSCLE TISSUE
• azocarmine stain • smooth - involuntary, non-stratiated
• krajian aniline blue Ex. Intestines and blood vessels
• skeletal - stratiated, voluntary
Ex. Skeletal muscle
GENERAL CONNECTIVE TISSUE • cardiac - striated,
loose connective tissue