Reinforcement: 05-10 Years' relevant CIE answers.

Section 1.2

Past Papers Questions:

May/June 2000
Oct/NOV 2000
May/June 2001
Oct/NOV 2001
May/June 2002
5. An information system is to be installed in a bus station. There will be a number of terminals for
use by passengers who will be able to make enquiries about times of buses and the stops that
they will make on the journey. The terminals will be in the open air. The terminals will be
networked with a server in the main office.
(b) It is decided to use a menu-based software interface.
(i) Explain what is meant by a menu-based software interface. [2]

-Choices offered to the user…

- restricted in number…
- leading to further menus.
(1 per -, max 2) (2)

(ii) State two reasons why this is a sensible choice of interface. [2]

Easy to use (even by non computer users)

Simple to administer (bus changes…)
Can be made to fit the data structure (use of a tree)

Oct/NOV 2002
2. Batch processing and real-time are two modes of computer system use.
(a) Define the terms
(i) batch processing,

- Data processed together at some non sensitive time.

(ii) real-time processing. [2]

- Data processed at time of input/input processed quickly enough to effect the
next input. [2]

(b) Give an example of an application for which

(i) batch processing
-e.g. payroll
-large quantities of data/data requires similar processing
(ii) real-time processing
would be appropriate, giving a reason for each of your answers. [4]

-e.g. Computer control

-Need for action based on sensor input. [4]

6. An on-line telephone enquiry system employs a large number of operators who answer
customer queries by accessing their records at a terminal. All the terminals are connected to a single
processor using a multi-user operating system.
(a) Explain how a multi-user operating system allows each of the users to share a single
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processor. [3]

- Time slices
- round robin
- giving each terminal processor time
- Use of flags
- Mention of polling
(1 per – max 3)… [3]

(b) Give reasons why a number of terminals using a multi-access operating system is
preferable in this application to a number of stand alone machines. [3]

-On-line system which implies…

-up to date records, meaning…
-that they must be held/amended centrally
-Any record can be queried from any terminal.
(1 per – max 3) [3]

13. A decision is taken to provide an information system for potential customers who come to the
office. Customers would be able to choose the type of work to be done and would see examples
on a screen.
Explain why a menu-based interface would be appropriate for this application if intended for
customer use. [4]

-Restricts access to computer system

-Help customer to determine what they want…
-because choices are given at each stage.
-Example fits a tree structure for the information.
-Easy to operate/suits a touch screen.
-Easy to test
-Result are predictable
(1 per – max 4) [4]

May/June 2003
1. (b) State three utility programs associated with the use of a hard drive. Explain the purpose
of each of the programs.
[6]

- File handling
- Copy/move/delete
- Anti virus software
- To protect files from attack by virus
- Defragmentation
- To keep files sensibly arranged on the hard drive
- Format
- To divide surface of drive into smaller areas to aid storage
(1 per -, max 6) (6)
2. (a) State what is meant by each of the following modes of use.

(i) Batch processing.

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Jobs collected together for processing at a later time

(ii) Real-time processing.

Output produced quickly enough to affect the next input

(iii) On-line processing.

User has direct contact with processo

(iv) Off-line processing. [4]

User cannot communicate directly with processor

(b) A computer game involves driving a racing car around a track. State which two of the
above modes of use would be appropriate, justifying your answers. [4]

- Real time
- E.g. turning the wheel must turn the car immediately
- On line
- Otherwise system cannot be real time (4)
Oct/NOV 2003
1. (a) The person responsible for the computer system in a college buys an integrated
applications package made up of generic software.
Explain what is meant by

1 (a) (i) A number of different pieces of software/programs that can share data
(ii) Contains documentation with the software/software that allows the user to
produce something useful
(iii) Generic software can be used in different situations to accomplish different
things/general purpose software
(3)

(b) (i) Explain the difference between batch processing and real-time processing.

- Batch processing is the collecting together of data before being

processed.

- Real time is a process where the output is produced quickly enough to

affect the next inpu

(ii) For each mode of processing give an example of a computer application for
which it would be appropriate. In each case justify your choice. [6]

Batch processing, e.g. payroll

- not time sensitive
Real time, e.g. computer game
- the player must be able to affect the game (6)

2. Describe the following types of user interface. For each type of interface give a suitable use,
justifying your answer in each case.
(i) Form-based.
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- Prompts operator for inputs/Specified areas for the data/Data entered in

order/in format
- Operator taking information over phone
- Does not allow information to be missed out/simple to use

(ii) Graphical User Interface (GUI).

- Icons used to stand for options/when selected, command code is

run/normally accessed by use of mouse or other pointing device/WIMP
- Non-experienced user/child in school
- Restricts access to certain parts of the system

(iii) Command line. [9]

- Set of commands recognised by the OS/typed in at prompt/need to be

learned by user
- Technician
- Allows access to whole system/does not use large amount of memory
(1 per -, max 3 per dotty, max 9) (9)

A large chemical plant is controlled automatically from a central control room. One process is to mix
two chemicals at a specific temperature and pressure. The process is to be computer controlled.
9. Information about the state of chemical processes in the plant is conveyed to the control room.
(b) Human Computer Interaction (HCI) is very important in such an application.
(i) State what is meant by HCI. [1]

- HCI is the means by which the human and the computer communicate. (1)

May/June 2004
1. (b) Explain the difference between
(i) batch processing and real-time modes of computer system use; [2]

- Batch not time sensitive

- Real-time must provide immediate outcome (2)

(ii) on-line processing and off-line processing. [2]

- On-line user or peripheral in communication with processor

- Off-line user is not in communication with processor/device not
controlled by processor

(c) A computer game involves steering a car around a course. State which two of the terms:
batch, real-time, on-line and off-line would be needed for this example, justifying your
choice. [3]

- Real-time
- On-line
- Because user commands must be acted on immediately (3)
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2. (a) Explain the meaning of the term utility software.

- Program
- Part of OS
- Designed to carry out a common task
(1 per point, max 2) (2)

(b) Describe two examples of utility software. [4]

- Data transfer programs

- To control movement of data to and from storage
- File handling programs
- To store/sort/retrieve/delete files
- Hardware drivers
- To control communication with peripherals
- Automatic back up
- To automatically make copies of files to protect the data
- Anti-virus software
- To protect files from attack by viruses
- Formatting
- To prepare media for storing files
- Compression
- To reduce size of files (while maintaining integrity of data)
- Defragmentation
- To tidy up files on the disk
- Disk scanner
- To find errors on surface of disk
(2 per type, max 2 types, max 4) (4)

Oct/NOV 2004
2. (a) A bank’s computer system uses batch processing to produce customers’ bank
statements.
Give three reasons why batch processing is suitable in this application, justifying each of
your answers. [6]

Large amounts of data

large number of customer statements to be produced
Data processing of similar type
simple calculations to work out balance
standard form of statement
Processor time available in quiet time
statements do not need immediate attention
uses large amount of resources
No human intervention
all details present on files so no outside interference
(Max 6) [6]
May/June 2005

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1. (b) Describe three features which an operating system would be expected to provide in a
single user computer system. [6]

-User interface, -to allow communication/type of interface

-File handling, -to allow use of secondary storage
-Disk management, -defragmenting/formatting/storage/…
-Virus protection, -to protect files on secondary storage
-Security, -backup procedures
-Privacy, -logons/passwords/…
-Access to peripheral devices, -via drivers/allowing hard copy/…
-Memory management/to control the way that primary memory is used
-Manages application software/installation to system/access to memory/…
-Resource allocation/processor/printer time/…
Not: Hides the complexity, this is too general and not a feature.
(2 per pair, max 6) [6]

4. (c) The ATM computer system uses both batch processing and rapid response (real time)
processing.
Give examples of ATM processing which require each of these modes of use, justifying your
choices. [4]

Batch:
-Collect together records of transactions for later processing/requests for statements
-when computer use not so heavy…
-otherwise would be continually interrupted.
Real time:
-Checking of PIN/identification
-Checking of funds available
-to ensure person has the right to extract cash, or long wait is possible.
(1 per -, max 2 per type, max 4) [4]

Oct/NOV 2005
2. (a) Define the following modes of computer system use.
(i) Batch.

Data is collected before processing together

(ii) Real-time.

Data is processed immediately/within an acceptable time frame

(iii) On-line.

User is able to communicate with processor directly

(iv) Off-line. [4]

User is not connected to processor. [4]

(b) At the end of each day, the workers in a factory send, to the accounts department, the
details of the time that they have been at work. They are paid at the end of each week.
Choose two of the modes of use in part (a) which would be sensible to use in this example.
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Justify your answers. [4]

– Batch
– Offline
Two from:
(Sets of daily hours must be collected for each worker) cannot be processed until all
collected/Faster to process if processor not bothered by user/no need for user input
during processing/large quantities of similar data.
Accept: on-line because workers need to be on-line to a system in order to send
details to accounts department (for 2 marks) [4]

3. Describe each of the following types of user interface and give an example of an application
where it might be used.
(i) Form based. [3]

– Screen mirrors a data capture form/is a data capture form

– Spaces for answers to questions
– Drop down lists providing limited choices for some questions
– Important questions must have input before carrying on
– Validation is made simpler because of limited choices
– Used in telephone sales or equivalent example [3]
(ii) Menu based. [3]
– Series of options from which user chooses
– possibly leading to submenu
– Limits user
– Used typically with touchscreen
– information bureaus or equivalent example. [3]

(iii) Command line. [3]

– Prompt on screen
– User types commands
– Must ensure syntax correct
– Must learn commands
– Allows access to whole system
– Technician looking after a network/or equivalent example . [3]

May/June 2006
2. Describe the following types of human computer interface and for each one give an example of
an application for which it would be used.
(i) Graphical User Interface (GUI) [3]

-windows
-icons
-menus
-pointer controlled
-e.g. used for inexperienced user
(1 per-, max 2 for description, max 3) [3]

(ii) Form-based interface. [3]

-mirrors printed form
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-spaces for insertion of data

-some spaces require positive response
-can use drop down choices
-radio buttons
-data input from postal order forms/teleordering/…
(1 per-, max 2 for description, max 3) [3]

6. State four purposes of the operating system of a stand-alone computer. [4]

-provides environment for application software to be executed

-provides for software to be translated via compiler/interpreter/assembler
-controls hardware of computer system
-allows communication from hardware via interrupts
-provides human access via HCI
-provides utility programs to carry out housework
-provides library routines for frequently desired tasks
-makes the computer act in the desired fashion/mention of batch/multi user…
(1 per -, max 4) [4]

Oct/NOV 2006
2. A large factory employs many thousands of workers. The workers’ times of arrival and departure
are noted. At the end of each week the pay for each worker is calculated by a computer system
and the pay slips are produced.
(a) Explain why this is an example of batch processing and give reasons why batch
processing is sensible. [4]

-The times that the workers come and go are collected as a batch
-Processing cannot be started until all the data is collected
-Large amounts of data
-Data is all very similar
-needing similar processing
-processing is simple
-Once processing starts no human intervention is necessary
-Results are not time sensitive
-Pay must be calculated for all workers
(1 per -, max 4) (4)

(c) Give an example of a computer application which would need to be processed in real
time. Justify your choice. [2]

-e.g. Playing a computer game

-Because the latest input must be processed before the next output. (2)

9. State the purpose of each of the following pieces of utility software and say how each would be
used by the copy editors.
(i) Disk formatting. [2]

-To divide up the surface of a disk into more easily manageable sectors
-Copy editor will use a hard disk which will need to be formatted before being used/to
store texts (2)
(ii) File handling. [2]
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-To manage the files that are stored on a computer system

-Copy editor would need to save/open/delete/sort files held on the system. (2)

(iii) Hardware drivers. [2]

-Used to control communication between computer and peripherals

-Controls formatting and fonts of text sent to the printer. (2)

(iv) File compression. [2]

-Reduces size of files without the loss of any detail
-To speed up the transfer of files which are very large (2)

(v) Virus checker. [2]

-Used to check any files on or entering the system for viruses
-Copy writer will use the communications regularly and hence files will be subject to
attack/many files being received. (2)

May/June 2007
4. One purpose of most operating systems is to provide a set of utility programs designed to
perform common tasks.
(a) (i) Describe the purpose of a disk formatting utility. [2]

– Deletes everything on surface of disk

– Divides surface of disk into smaller areas…
– to allow for storage/recovery of data items.
(1 per –, max 2) [2]

(ii) Describe the purpose of a virus checking utility. [2]

– Scans the files on a computer system/received files…

– to detect viruses…
– and remove viruses when they have been detected.
(1 per –, max 2) [2]
(b) Describe two other purposes of an operating system apart from providing utility
programs. [4]

– Provides security measures (passwords/user IDs)/to protect files from unauthorised

access/identify user/identify user rights
– Provides an HCI/to allow communication with user
– Controls the hardware/to allow data to travel from one part of the system to another.
– Provides translators/so that software can be converted into form useable by the
computer.
– Manages interrupts/handling requests from external units and prioritising needs.
– Manages memory/to ensure data is stored in correct part of memory/can be retrieved
correctly
– Schedules processing/using scheduling techniques
(2 per –, max 4) [4]

A garage sells cars and also has servicing and parts departments.
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Details of customers who purchase cars are stored in a file.

Details of cars for sale are stored in another file.

Some computers are used in the offices for clerical tasks like word processing and accounting. Some
are in the showroom so that customers can see details of cars and videos of them being driven. The
computers used at the garage are networked and all data is stored on a central server.
10. (b) (ii) The human computer interface (HCI) used on the computers in the showroom is
menubased.
Describe the interface that customers will use. [3]

– Touch sensitive screen…

– showing list of options…
– which call up other lists of options
– limited number of options means ease for user and..
– security for system
(1 per –, max 3) [3]
Oct/NOV 2007
1. (a) (i) Describe a GUI (Graphical User Interface). [2]

Consists of
- Windows
- Icons
- Menus
- Pointer
(1 per -, max 2) [2]

(ii) Describe a form-based computer interface. [2]

- (Questions and) spaces for answers shown on screen/insertion boxes

- Input can be by radio buttons
- Pop up menus/drop down lists
- Insertion fields provided with validation checks
- Mirrors a hardcopy form
(1 per -, max 2) [2]

(b) (i) State a computer application for which a GUI would be suitable. Justify your
answer. [2]

- School/children/inexperienced users/home computer (almost any application)

- Ease of use [2]

(ii) State a computer application for which a form-based interface would be suitable.
Justify your choice. [2]

- Any example where on screen input is necessary

- Allows for instructions/ensures no data is missed/ease of set up of validation
routines [2]

May/June 2008
1. (c) The operating system, used by the computer controlling the ATM, must work in both
batch and real-time modes.
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(i) State what is meant by a batch processing operating system and explain why it
would be necessary in the ATM. [3]

-Data is collected for later processing

-Requests for statements/data about transactions...
-saved for later input to main frame/during “off” period [3]

(ii) State what is meant by a real-time operating system and explain why it would be
necessary in the ATM. [3]

-Data must be processed immediately

-Requests for money must be accompanied by processing to establish
identity/sufficient funds…
-which must be done in real-time or user would go away/would
overdraw/someone else could use your card [3]
Oct/NOV 2008
7. One of the tasks carried out by the office workers is to use the computer to produce the payroll
once a week.
Workers in the factory have their pay sent electronically to their bank account and are given a
statement showing their pay for the week.
(a) Explain why the payroll is produced using a batch operating system. [4]

- Large quantity of data to be processed

- All of a similar type
- Data must all be connected before sensible processing can be done
- Does not need immediate processing
- Can be done at quiet time
- Payment is weekly giving set time for processing
- Does not need human intervention
(1 per -, max 4) [4]

10. The office system offers workers different types of user interface depending on the task being
carried out.
State a sensible user interface in each of the following situations, justifying your choice.
(i) Inputting details of the times worked by each worker, each day, to the payroll system. [2]

N.B. Allow alternatives if well argued.

- Form based
- To ensure that correct data is input/in the correct format/nothing missed [2]

(ii) To allow the network manager to carry out maintenance on the system. [2]

N.B. Allow alternatives if well argued.

- Command line
- To allow access to entire system/to access areas with minimum delay [2]

(iii) To allow workers to query the database in an unstructured way. [2]

N.B. Allow alternatives if well argued.

- Natural language
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- Workers need no skill or knowledge/system will interpret their requests [2]

May/June 2009
5. One purpose of most operating systems is to provide a human computer interface (HCI).
(a) Describe the following HCIs and give an example of an application which would use
each:
(i) menu based, [3]
-Options appear on screen from which to select
-Selection may lead to submenus
-Menus arranged in a tree structure (from single root to many branches)
Use: In a passive information system e.g. Tourist guide at a train station.
(1 for use, + 2 other -, max 3) [3]

(ii) natural language. [3]

-Follows a spoken language allowing user to input queries in normal
vocabulary/syntax
-Computer understands keywords/positions in sentence to get idea of syntax
-Will then search database for keyword to provide output or responses.
Use: e.g. On an expert system or search engine.
(1 for use, + 2 other -, max 3) [3]

(b) State three other purposes of an operating system. [3]

-Provides utility programs to allow user to carry out maintenance tasks (any 3)
-Provides security measures like passwords and identifications.
-Controls the hardware and the operations they allow.
-Provides translators to convert software into a form useable by the computer.
-Manages interrupts.
-To provide a platform for the execution of software
(1 per -, max 3) [3]

Oct/NOV 2009. P11

2. A student decides to upgrade her computer system by buying a larger hard disk drive. She will
use it to store large video files which she downloads from the internet.
For each of the following types of utility software, state their purpose and how the student would
use them:
(i) disk formatter, [2]

-Divides up the surface of the disk

-to create areas of disk that can be used for different purposes/prepare disk for
use/delete all from disk.

(ii) hardware driver, [2]

-To control messages to and from the disk and OS/to make messages understandable
between the disk and the O.S.
-to install the disk/prepare it for accepting data after wiring up.
(iii) file compression, [2]

-Changes size of files while maintaining data integrity

-to decompress/compress video/allows faster download/allows more files to be stored
(iv) virus checker. [2]

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-To ensure files imported to system are virus free

-to check the video files before saving them to system.
(Up to 2 per dotty, max 8) [8]

4. (a) (i) Describe a command-line computer interface. [2]

-Instructions typed in…

-at the prompt
-Commands may be combined to make a command sequence
-User must know/understand commands
(1 per -, max 2) [2]

(ii) State an application for which a command-line interface would be suitable.

Justify your choice. [2]

-e.g. Technician who maintains a computer system

-Requires access to whole system/faster access because done directly
-e.g. application such as telnet [2]

(b) (i) Describe a form-based computer interface. [2]

-spaces for input

-in strict order
-explanatory comments on screen
-use of drop-down lists/tick boxes/radio buttons
(1 per -, max 2) [2]

(ii) State an application for which a form-based interface would be suitable.

Justify your choice. [2]

-e.g. ordering goods on-line/applying for membership on-line…

-ensures all relevant information is collected [2]

5. Data can be held in different ways in a computer system. This question is about different forms
of access to data.
A company holds a file of workers’ pay details. The company has a large number of workers.
The file of pay details is used in the production of the weekly payroll for the workers.
(d) (i) Identify a task from this application which will require batch processing, justifying
your answer. [2]

-The production of the payroll

-Because all processing similar/large amount/can be done at off-peak time/data
is collected before processing. [2]

(ii) Identify a task from this application which will require rapid response processing,
justifying your answer. [2]

-Individual enquiry made by a worker

-Time critical/must be done while worker waits/changes may be time critical. [2]
Oct/NOV 2009. P12
2. (a) Define the following types of software:
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(i) operating system software,

-Software that manages the computer hardware/allows applications to run

(ii) generic applications software,

-General purpose software/carries out a number of tasks/that would have to be

done even if there was no computer.

(iii) translator software,

-Software used to convert a program of instructions from one language to

another

(iv) utility software. [4]

Part of O.S. which carries out a commonplace task/housekeeping.
(1 per dotty, max 4) [4]

7. Staff and students who buy food are identified by the system. Their purchases are charged to
their accounts. These accounts are paid off at the end of each term.
(c) The total value of the goods which a person has bought is shown at a checkout. Each
person is given a statement, informing them what they currently owe, at the end of each
month.
(i) Explain what is meant by a batch operating system and state which of the two
processes would be carried out by a batch operating system. [3]
(ii) State a type of operating system which could be used for the other process
described and justify your choice. [2]
Oct/NOV 2009. P13
May/June 2010. P11
A mail order company employs telephone operators to take orders by phone and to answer queries
from customers about their accounts. Customer details and their orders are stored in the CUSTOMER
file. This file can be accessed by the warehouse staff in order to supply the goods which have been
ordered.
8. (a) When a customer telephones the company to place an order, the details are taken by
the telephone operator and entered directly into the computer system.
(i) Describe a suitable human-computer interface which the operator would use. [3]

May/June 2010. P12

A mail order company employs telephone operators to take orders by phone and to answer queries
from customers about their accounts. Customer details and their orders are stored in the CUSTOMER
file. This file can be accessed by the warehouse staff in order to supply the goods which have been
ordered.
8. (a) When a customer telephones the company to place an order, the details are taken by
the telephone operator and entered directly into the computer system.
(i) Describe a suitable human-computer interface which the operator would use. [3]

May/June 2010. P13

Details of students in a school are stored in the STUDENT file.
A school employs administration staff. One of the tasks carried out by these staff is to maintain the
details of students in the STUDENT file.
Amendments to the student records are necessary because of:
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• occasional changes to personal details

• yearly changes to information like the year and form that a student is in
• regular changes caused by things like marks in examinations needing to be updated.
Access to the data is available to teachers while most enquiries and all changes are made by the
administration staff.
8. (a) When a teacher wants to find out some information about a particular student, they use
the computer terminal in the staff room and first of all have to identify the student and
what information they require.
(i) Describe a suitable human-computer interface, other than a graphical user
interface, which the teacher could use. [3]

Oct/NOV 2010. P11

1. Describe four functions of an operating system. [8]

11. The operator sometimes needs to alter the type of work done by a machine. A form-based HCI
is used to input the new data.
(b) Describe a form-based HCI and explain why it would be used in this case. [4]

Oct/NOV 2010. P12

1. Describe four functions of an operating system. [8]

11. The operator sometimes needs to alter the type of work done by a machine. A form-based HCI
is used to input the new data.
(b) Describe a form-based HCI and explain why it would be used in this case. [4]

Oct/NOV 2010. P13

1. Describe the purpose of the following types of utility software:
(a) disk formatting [2]
(b) file compression [2]
(c) hardware drivers [2]
(d) file handling [2]

May/June 2011. P11

9. (a) Describe a single-user operating system. [2]
(b) Explain how a multi-user operating system allows many users to use the computer
system. [4]

May/June 2011. P12

9. (a) Describe a single-user operating system. [2]
(b) Explain how a multi-user operating system allows many users to use the computer
system. [4]
May/June 2011. P13
9. (a) Explain the difference between a multi-user operating system and a computer network
operating system. [2]
(b) Describe how a batch processing system works. [4]

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Reinforcement: 05-10 Years' relevant CIE answers.
Section 1.2

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