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ICT Lecture 6

The document discusses the history and development of the Internet from its origins as ARPANET to its commercialization in 1989. It describes basic Internet services like email, file transfer, telnet, and usenet newsgroups. Finally, it covers the World Wide Web and how browsers allow users to access and navigate between hyperlinked web pages using URLs over the HTTP protocol.

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Muhammad Umar
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24 views15 pages

ICT Lecture 6

The document discusses the history and development of the Internet from its origins as ARPANET to its commercialization in 1989. It describes basic Internet services like email, file transfer, telnet, and usenet newsgroups. Finally, it covers the World Wide Web and how browsers allow users to access and navigate between hyperlinked web pages using URLs over the HTTP protocol.

Uploaded by

Muhammad Umar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Applications of Information and

Communication Technologies
Lecture 6
Presented by
Dr. Muhammad Umar Javed
Assistant Professor
Department of Computer Science
The Internet
 The Internet is a network of computers that links many different types of computers all
over the world
 Network of networks sharing a common mechanism for addressing (identifying) computers,
and a common set of communication protocols
 Evolved from the basic ideas of ARPANET (the first WAN that had only four sites in 1969)
for interconnecting computers
 Initially used only by research organizations and universities to share and exchange
information
The Internet

 In 1989, the US Government lifted restrictions on the use of the Internet and allowed it to be
used for commercial purposes as well
 Internet has rapidly grown and continues to grow at a rapid pace
 Interconnects more than 30,000 networks, allowing more than 10 million computers and
more than 50 million computer users in more than 150 countries to communicate with each
other
Basic Services of the Internet

 Electronic Mail (e-mail): Allows user to send a mail (message) to another Internet user in
any part of the world in a near-real-time manner
 File Transfer Protocol (FTP): Allows user to move a file from one computer to another
on the Internet
 Telnet: Allows user to log in to another computer somewhere on the Internet
 Usenet News: Allows group of users to exchange their views/ideas/information
Electronic Mail
 E-mail is a rapid and productive communication tool because:
 Faster than paper mail
 Unlike telephone, the persons communicating with each other need not be available at the
same time
 Unlike fax documents, e-mail documents can be stored in a computer and be easily
edited using editing programs
File Transfer Protocol
 Moving a file from a remote computer to ones own computer is known as
downloading
 Moving a file from ones own computer to a remote computer is known as uploading
 Anonymous ftp site is a computer allowing a user to log in with a username of anonymous
and password that is user’s e-mail address.
 Anonymous ftp sites are called publicly accessible sites because they can be accessed by
any user on the Internet
Telnet
Some common uses of telnet service are:
 Using the computing power of the remote computer
 Using a software on the remote computer
 Accessing remote computer’s database or archive
 Logging in to ones own computer from another computer
Usenet
 Several usenet news groups exist on the Internet and are called newsgroups
 In a moderated newsgroup only selected members have the right to directly post (write) a
message to the virtual notice board. Other members can only read the posted messages
 In a nonmoderated newsgroup any member can directly post a message to the virtual notice board
 Netiquette (network etiquette) deals with rules of framing messages that will not hurt
others
World Wide Web or W3
 Hypertext documents on the Internet are known as web pages
 Web pages are created by using a special language called HyperText Markup
Language (HTML)
 WWW uses the client-server model and an Internet Protocol called HyperText Transport
Protocol (HTTP) for interaction among the computers on the Internet
 Any computer on the Internet that uses the HTTP protocol is called a web server and any
computer that can access that server is called a web client
World Wide Web or W3
 It uses the concept of hypertext for information storage and retrieval on the Internet
 Hypertext documents enable this by using a series of links
 Link is a special type of item in a hypertext document that connects the document to
another document providing more information about the linked item
Hypertext Document

Pradeep K. Sinha has been involved in the research and


development of distributed systems for almost a decade.
At present Dr. Sinha is working at the Centre for Links
Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC),
Pune, India. Before joining C-DAC, Dr. Sinha worked
with the Multimedia Systems Research Laboratory
(MSRL) of Panasonic in Tokyo, Japan.
WWW Browsers
WWW browser is a special software loaded on a web client computer that normally provides
following navigation facilities to users:
 Does not require a user to remotely log in to a web server computer or to log out again
when done
 Allows user to visit the server computer’s web site and to access information stored on it by
specifying its URL (Uniform Resource Locator) address
 Allows user to create and maintain a personal hotlist of favorite URL addresses of server
computers that user is likely to frequently visit in future
 Allows user to download information in various formats from server computers to user’s
own computer
Uses of The Internet
Some important current strategic uses of the Internet are:
 On-line communication
 Software sharing
 Exchange of views on topics of common interest
 Posting of information of general interest
 Product promotion
 Feedback about products
 Customer support service
 On-line journals and magazines
 On-line shopping
 World-wide video conferencing
Keywords
 Anonymous ftp site  Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
 Browser  Upload
 Download  Usenet
 Electronic mail (e-mail)  Web client
 File Transfer Protocol (FTP)  Web Server
 Hypertext  World Wide Web (WWW)
 Hypertext Transport Protocol (HTTP)
 Internet
 Newsgroup
 Publicly accessible sites
 Telnet
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