TSSM’S

BHIVARABAI SAWANT COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & RESEARCH,

POLYTECHNIC NARHE, PUNE
411041

ACADEMIC YEAR :-2023-24

MICRO PROJECT
ON
Prepare a report on recent and widely used Unguided media in industries depending
on cost, speed, efficiency, reliability.

COURSE :-Data Communication Computer Network COURSE CODE :- 22414

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 MAHARASTRA STATE

BOARD OF TECHNICAL

EDUCATION

Certificate

This is to certify that Mr. roll no. semester of

diploma in computer engineering of institute, TSSM’s BSCOER POLYTECHNIC
[CODE:1606] has completed the microproject satisfactorily in subject:-Data
Communication Computer Network [22414] for the academic year 2022-23
as prescribed in the Curriculum.

Place:- Narhe, Pune Enrollment No:-

Exam Seat No:-

Subject Teacher Head Of The Department Principal

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 GROUP MEMBERS:-
SR NO. NAMES ROLL NO. EXAM SEAT NO. ENROLLMENT NO.
1. CHANDANE 04 2216060063
RUTUJA
RAJENDRA

2. MOHITE 05 2216060064
SHIVAM
RAJESH

3. GARGADE 06 2216060065
SARTHAK
AMUL

TEACHER’S SIGNATURE
PROF. Sartape N.B

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 Index:-
SR NO. CONTENT PAGE NO.

1. Abstraction 5

2. INTRODUCTION 6

3. Unguided media 7

4. Types of Unguided media 9

5. Advantage and disadvantages of Unguided media 12

6. Conclusion 13

7. Reference 14

8. Weekly progress report 15

9. Evaluation sheet 16

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 Abstraction
Data communications and computer networks represent the infrastructure
and protocols that enable the exchange of digital information between
devices. At its essence, this field abstracts the complexities of physical
transmission mediums and network infrastructure to provide a framework
for seamless communication.

Abstraction layers are key to understanding the architecture of data

communications and computer networks. These layers provide a
hierarchical structure that separates the functionality of the system into
manageable modules, each responsible for specific tasks. The abstraction
layers typically include:

1. Physical Layer: Handles the physical transmission of data.

2. Data Link Layer: Ensures reliable transmission between adjacent nodes.
3. Network Layer: Routes data packets across interconnected networks.
4. Transport Layer: Provides end-to-end communication and error recovery.
5. Session Layer: Manages session establishment and synchronization.
6. Presentation Layer: Abstracts data format and syntax.
7. Application Layer: Interfaces with user applications.

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 INTRODUCTION

Data communications and computer networks play a fundamental role in

the way information is exchanged and shared in today's interconnected
world. These technologies enable computers and other devices to
communicate with each other, allowing the transmission of data, voice, and
multimedia over short and long distances.

At its core, data communication involves the exchange of digital

information between two or more devices through a transmission medium
such as wires, cables, optical fibers, or wireless connections. This exchange
of data can occur within a small area, such as a home or office network, or
across vast distances, spanning continents and oceans.

Computer networks are the infrastructure that facilitates this

communication, allowing devices to connect and interact with each other.
Networks can range from simple setups like a home Wi-Fi network to
complex systems like the internet, which connects billions of devices
worldwide.

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 Unguided media
An Unguided media transmission the electromagnetic waves without
Using any physical medium. Therefore it is also known as wireless
Transmission in unguided, air is the media through which the
Electromagnetic energy can flow easily.
Unguided media is a type of Transmission media. A transmission
medium is a physical path between the transmitter and the receiver. Unguided
media transport electromagnetic waves. without using a physical conductor. It is
also known as unbounded or wireless media, and does not rely on physical
pathways to transmit signals. Instead, they use wireless communication methods
to propagate signals through the air or free space.

Transmission Media plays a pivotal role in telecommunications

providing the way for data to travel between devices, whether it will be
through cables, optical fibers, or wireless signals, the choice of
transmission medium impacts the speed, reliability, and range of data
communication.

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 Types of Unguided media

s
1. Radio waves
2. Micro waves
3. Satellite
4. Infrared

1. Radio Waves

Radio waves are electromagnetic signals used for

various wireless communication technologies, such as Wi-Fi,
Bluetooth and radio broadcasting. Electromagnetic waves
ranging in frequencies between 3 kHz and 1 GHz are normally
called radio waves. Radio waves are omni-directional. When an
antenna transmits radio waves, they are propagated in all
directions. This means that the sending and receiving antennas
do not have to be aligned.

A sending antenna sends waves that can be received by any

receiving antenna. The omnidirectional property has a
disadvantage, too. The radio waves transmitted by one antenna
are susceptible to interference by another antenna that may send
signals using the same frequency or band.

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 2.Microwaves

Electromagnetic waves having frequencies between 1

and 300 GHz are called microwaves. Microwaves are unidirectional.
The sending and receiving antennas need to be aligned. The unidirectional property
has an obvious advantage. A pair of antennas can be aligned without interfering with
another pair of aligned antennas.

When data transmission, voice, and video streaming occurs via electromagnetic
waves(range of frequency 1 GHz to 300 GHz) is called Microwave communication.
This communication system can be used for point-to-point or point-to-multipoint
communication. This communication technique works over short to medium
distances. The connection between the sender and receiver side’s microwave antenna
can be called a microwave link.

Data transfer speed and reliability are two main contexts of the realm
of computer networks. In the modern days, microwave connectivity medium has
gained popularity for its blazing fast data transmission capability and reliability.
Microwaves are nothing but a special type of electromagnetic spectrum.

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3.Satellite

Satellite communication, in telecommunications, the use of artificial satellites to

provide communication links between various points on Earth.

Satellite communications play a vital role in the global telecommunications

system. Approximately 2,000 artificial satellites orbiting Earth relay analog and digital
signals carrying voice, video, and data to and from one or many locations worldwide .

Satellite communication has two main components: the ground segment, which
consists of fixed or mobile transmission, reception, and ancillary equipment, and the
space segment, which primarily is the satellite itself.

A typical satellite link involves the transmission or uplinking of a signal from an

Earth station to a satellite. The satellite then receives and amplifies the signal and
retransmits it back to Earth, where it is received and reamplified by Earth stations and
terminals. Satellite receivers on the ground include direct-to-home (DTH) satellite
equipment, mobile reception equipment in aircraft, satellite telephones, and handheld
devices.

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 4.Infrared

Infrared band of the electromagnet corresponds

to 430THz to 300GHz and a wavelength of 980nm.The propagation of
light waves in this band can be used for a communication system (for
transmission and reception) of data. This communication can be between
two portable devices or between a portable device and a fixed device.

Infrared transmission represents a form of wireless communication that

utilizes light waves just beyond the visible spectrum. In this
comprehensive article, we will delve into the depths of infrared
transmission, uncovering its fundamental principles, illustrious history,
and enduring applications. From its discovery and initial conceptualization
to its evolution and modern-day uses, this exploration will provide an
insightful narrative into one of the pioneering technologies of wireless
communication.

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 Advantages and disadvantages
of Guided media

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 Conclusion
various network Guidede media offer a range of advantages and
disadvantages. Bus topology is straightforward and economical but prone
to single point of failure. Star topology provides centralized control and
fault isolation, yet relies heavily on the central hub.
Ring topology offers equal access and fewer collisions, but is vulnerable to a
single point of failure. Mesh topology ensures redundancy and fault
tolerance, yet is complex and costly to implement. Hybrid topology
combines different topologies' benefits but may introduce complexity and
cost variations.
Tree topology enables scalability and hierarchical organization but relies on
the stability of the root node. The choice of topology hinges on factors such
as network size, redundancy needs, scalability, budget, and ease of
management, ultimately determining the efficiency, resilience, and cost-
effectiveness of the network infrastructure.

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 Reference
1. https://chat.openai.com/
2. https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/
3. Data Communication Computer Network Notes.

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 WEEKLY PROGRESS REPORT
SR WEEK ACITVITY PERFORM DATE SIGN OF
NO. TEACHER
1. Discussion and
1ST
finalisation of topic
2. Preparation and
2ND
submission of abstract
3. 3RD Literature review
4. 4TH Collection of data
5. 5TH Collection of data
6. Discussion and outline
6TH
of content
7. Formulation of
7TH
content
8. Editing and proof
8TH
reading of content
9. Compilation of report
9TH
and presentation
10. 10TH Seminar
11. 11TH Viva voce
12. Final submission of
12TH
micro-project

Signature of student signature of faculty

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 EVALUATION SHEET OF MICRO-PROJECT

Academic year:- 2023-24 Name of faculty:- prof. Sartape N.B

Course:-Data Communication Computer Network Code:- 22414

semester 4
Title ofproject:- various topologies with their advantages and disadvantages

Cos addressed by micro-project

a. Solve the given simple problems based on laws of logarithm

MAJOR LEARNING OUTCOMES ACHIEVED BY STUDENTS BY DOING THE PROJECT

[A] practical outcome:-

1. PO1 BASIC KNOWLEDGE.

2. PO2 DISPLINE KNOWLEDGE.

3. PO7 ETHICS.

4. PO8 INDIVIDUAL AND TEAM WORK.

5. PO9 COMMUNICATION.

6. PO10 LIFE-LONG LEARNING.

Exam seat no. Name of Marks out of 5 Marks out of 5 Total out of 10
student or performance for performance
in group in
activity (D5 oral/presentation
col.8) (D5 col.9)
Mate Ayush
Balasaheb
Amale Shreeraj
Umesh
Borse Ashwini
ManojKumar

Guided by:- prof. Sartape N.B signature of faculty

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