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Proposition, Logical Operators and Truth Table 1

1. Logic is the study of correct and incorrect reasoning through methods and principles. 2. The document examines propositions and their truth values, conditional statements, biconditionals, and the relationships between conditional propositions such as the converse, inverse, and contrapositive. 3. Examples are provided to demonstrate how to determine if a statement is a proposition and identify its truth value, as well as how to derive the converse, inverse, and contrapositive of conditional propositions.

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Mary Grace Manzano Adeva
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© © All Rights Reserved
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33 views

Proposition, Logical Operators and Truth Table 1

1. Logic is the study of correct and incorrect reasoning through methods and principles. 2. The document examines propositions and their truth values, conditional statements, biconditionals, and the relationships between conditional propositions such as the converse, inverse, and contrapositive. 3. Examples are provided to demonstrate how to determine if a statement is a proposition and identify its truth value, as well as how to derive the converse, inverse, and contrapositive of conditional propositions.

Uploaded by

Mary Grace Manzano Adeva
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LOGIC - a study of methods and principles used to

distinguish correct reasoning from incorrect reasoning.


True
False
False
True

False

True
Not proposition
Not proposition
Proposition, false
Not proposition

True
Determine whether each of the following statements is a
proposition or not. If it is a proposition, give its
truth value.

1. Luzon is an island in the Philippines. 10


Proposition, True
2. Find a number which divides your grade level.
Not proposition
3. My friend will get a perfect score in his performance task.
Not proposition
4. 4 + 6 =10
Proposition, True
5. If you are a Grade 11 student, then you are 16 years old.
Proposition, False
˜

if and only if
p
˜
Malaya is excellent and virtuous.
Malaya is not excellent and
Malaya is virtuous.
Malaya is excellent and Malaya is
not virtuous.
Malaya is not excellent and not
virtuous.
2 is prime or even
2 is not prime or 2 is even
2 is prime or 2 is not even
2 is not prime or not even
p: I buy a smartphone
q: I get a free sim card.

1.p q If I buy a smartphone then I get a free


sim card.
2. If I buy a smartphone then I
p q
don’t get a free sim card.
˜
If I don’t buy a smartphone then I
˜ ˜
3. p q
don’t get a free sim card.
p q r
<
Show the truth table of :p q r
˜ q

<
p q r ~q r ^ ~q q r ^ ~q p q r ^ ~q
Conditional Proposition
Suppose p and q are propositions, from the
conditional proposition p ⟶ q, we derive three
other conditional propositions namely its

Converse: q ⟶ p
Inverse: ∼p ⟶ ∼q
Contrapositive: ∼q ⟶ ∼p
Example 1. Given the propositions
p: A number is even.
q: It is divisible by 2
Look at how the conditional propositions are constructed.

Conditional If a number is even, then it is divisible by 2.

Converse If it is divisible by 2, then the number is even.

Inverse If a number is not even, then it is not divisible


by
Contrapositive If it is not divisible by 2, then the number is
not even
Try this!
p: Chocolate is harmful to one’s health.
q: It is consumed in large volumes.

If chocolate is harmful to one’s health, then it


Conditional is consumed in large volumes.
Converse If it is consumed in large volumes, then
chocolate is harmful to one’s health.
Inverse If chocolate cannot be harmful to one’s health,
then it is not consumed in large volumes.
Contrapositive If it is not consumed in large volumes, then
chocolate cannot be harmful to one’s health.

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