Gerund - Infinitive

Gerund & Infinitive /ɪnˈfɪn.ə.
t̬ ɪv/
Good morning, my name is Thanh member of group 7. today I am going to
tell you about some mistakes to make when using gerundsand Infinitive.
I’ll start with some mistakes when using gerunds
You may already know this, but just in case you don’t
So now we come to the next point
Now let’s move to exercise

That’s all I want to say. the next thúy will present about Infinitive
Danh động từ và Động từ nguyên mẫu

Thanh + Thúy tt
Vy + K. Ngọc nd
H. Ngọc slide
Part 1: Gerund /ˈdʒer.ənd/

So, first
1. Confusing nouns with gerunds
a. There is always an object after a gerund, but a noun does not.
Ex:
N: He should avoid violent activities. – Cậu ấy nên tránh các hành động bạo lực.
V-ing: She should avoid eating too much meat. – Cô ấy nên tránh ăn quá nhiều thịt.
b. You can use articles (a, an, the) before nouns, but not with gerunds.
Ex:
N: The popularity of smartphones increases nowadays. – Sự phổ biến của điện thoại di
động đang ngày càng tăng.
V-ing: Using smartphones is popular now. – Sử dụng điện thoại di động bây giờ rất
phổ biến.
c. We use adverbs to modify gerunds, and adjectives /ˈædʒ.ek.tɪv/ to
modify nouns. Because of its nature /ˈneɪ.tʃɚ as a verb, we need to use
adverbs to add meaning to it.
Ex:
N: He drives his regular /ˈreɡ.jə.lɚ/ route /ruːt/ to work. – Anh lái xe theo đi đường
bình thường để tới chỗ làm.
V-ing: Doing exercise regularly brings many benefits. – Tập thể dục thường xuyên
mang lại rất nhiều lợi ích.
2. The possessive /pəˈzes.ɪv/ case of the noun and pronoun should be used before
gerunds.
Example:
i. I dislike my friend coming so early. Incorrect
I dislike my friend's coming so early. Correct
Note: In this sentence 'coming' is gerund and 'my friend's' is a possessive case.
3. Possessive cases should be placed immediately /ɪˈmiː.di.ət.li/ before the noun

they refer to. This rule is applied when a noun is a gerund.
Example:
I ask you favour of granting me an interview. Incorrect
I ask favour of your granting me an interview. Correct
(Here granting is gerund use possessive case 'your' with it.)
4. The use of Gerund and infinitive is often confused
a. If a sentence expresses some purpose, an infinitive should be used instead of a

gerund.
Eg:
i. He went to Lahore for study. Incorrect
He went to Lahore to study. Correct
b. If a verb is followed by a preposition, /ˌprep.əˈzɪʃ.ən/ it often takes gerund.

Eg:
i. I am fond of eat. Incorrect
I am fond of eating. Correct
5. Recognize verbs and gerunds

a, gerund that does not act as the main verb in a sentence
EG:
I study English at school.
I enjoy studying English at school.
b, gerund can be a subject, but a verb can't
eg
Winning this competition is a big achievement with me.
If I win this game, I will definitely /ˈdef.ən.ət.li/ be on cloud nine.
Exercise 1
1. Steve advised me to tell Paul about it.

-> Steve suggested me........................................
Key: Steve suggested me telling Paul about it.
Suggest/recommend somebody doing something:

Gợi ý, đề xuẩt ai làm gì
2. Could you help me put these chairs away?

-> Do you mind.....................................................
Do you mind helping me put these chairs away
Do/Would you mind doing something

3. He said he didn't take the money.
-> He denied......................................................
He denied taking the money
Deny doing something
bài 2: Find and correct mistakes in these emails
Dear Mr Williams,
I heard you to speak at the IAD event last July.
I don't know if you remember to meet me at the IAD
event. I enjoyed meeting you and to hear your talk on
internet marketing. (I hope you didn't notice me leave
early. I had to catch a plane. I would Ike to invite you to
speak at our company conference next month (6tth 8th).
We cen arrange scheduling your talk at a time that is
convenient for you. We can also offer to pay your
expenses and a fee of C500.
If you agree to attend, would you mind to send me a title
by next Friday?
I look forward to hear from you and hope to see you soon.
Yours sincerely.
Katie de Lang
key
1, Remember to meet
-> Remember meeting
2, To hear –> hearing
3, Arrange scheduling
-> arrange to schedule /ˈskedʒuːlɪŋ
4, Would you mind to send
-> would you mind sending
5, Look forward to hear
-> look forward to hearing
1,Remember + Ving : nhớ đã làm gì

Remember + To V : nhớ để làm gì
Remember for what?
remember what you did
2, Enjoy + Ving : thích cái gì đó

Or là trong câu này, ta thấy xuất hiện
cấu trúc song song, đằng trước từ “
and “ là 1 Ving, nên theo sau nó cũng
phải là 1 Ving
in this sentence, we see appearance
parallel structure, before the word "
and “ is gerund , so follow it too
must be 1 gerund
3, Arrange + To V: sắp xếp 1 cái gì đó

4, Mind/Would you mind/ Do you mind
Look forward to Ving : mong đợi điều gì
đó
II - Infinitives
Infinitive (Động từ nguyên mẫu) là những động từ có cấu trúc cơ bản nhất. Động từ
nguyên mẫu được chia thành 2 loại: động từ đi kèm bởi “to”, và động từ không có
“to”.
1. Only the Infinitive is used after the object of the person.

Eg : “We asked her not to go”.
S V O Infinitive
In this example, “We” is the subject, “asked” is the verb, and “her” is the object of
the pronoun “she.” So you must use the Infinitive "to go", after the object, not the
gerund.
Some verbs that are followed by a person object and then you must
use an Infinitive.
Ask: Can I ask him to help me clean the floor?
Expect: I never expected him to become my boyfriend.

Hire (give a job to someone): Did the company hire you just to
sit in your office?
Invite: I invited her to attend my birthday party.
Order: She ordered the child to stay at home
Remind: Please remind me to go to work.
Require: This job required us to have experience.
after all these words we have to use the infinitive
2. Use “for + to infinitive” to express purpose
Vi du: She comes here for to make a presentation. X
She comes here to make a presentation.

We often think of the phrase " for+ to infinitive " to mean the purpose, but in
fact, this formula does not exist.
• • Mistaking "to" as a preposition with "to infinitive"

Look forward to
Object to
To be/get used to + Ving
In addition to
A response to
Be accustomed to
A reaction to
Vi du: I look forward to hear from you. X

I look forward to hearing from you.
To see more clearly look at the example
3. Infinitives can be used after some adjectives (Adj + To Infinitive )
In addition to being the object of some verbs, the infinitive can be
used after some adjectives.
The infinitive with to is also often used after some adjectives that
describe people's reactions or feelings :
(un)able
delighted
proud
glad
ashamed
afraid
surprised ,
Eg:
● It is not easy to graduate from university
● It’s unable to open this account, isn’t it?
● I’m afraid to stand alone in front of many people.
4. Some special verbs can be combined with both Gerund and

Infinitive
- Used to/ Get used to
Used to V: used to/usually do in the past (don't do it now)
Be/ Get used to V-ing: get used to something (in the present)
Eg: I used to get up early when I was young
Some verbs give advice as
- Advise/ Allow/ Permit/ Recommend
Advise/ allow (permit)/ recommend + Object + to V: advise/ allow/ suggest
someone to do something.
Advise/ allow (permit)/ recommend + V-ing: advise/ allow/ suggest something.
Eg: He advised me to apply at once
some perceptual verbs
- See/ Hear/ Smell/ Feel/ Notice/ Watch
See/ hear/ smell/ feel/ notice/ watch + Object + V-ing: This structure is used
when the speaker only witnessed part of the action.
See/ hear/ smell/ feel/ notice/ watch + Object + V: this structure is used when
the speaker witnesses the whole action.
Eg: I see him to pass my house
- Chance, Opportunity
We often say"Someone has a (good) chance of doing something"
(Ai đó/có khả năng để làm điều gì)
Chance/ Opportunity + of + V-ing

Eg : Do you think I have a chance of dating her?
Chance/Opportunity + to do something
Eg: " Have you read the book I lend you? "
" No , I haven't had a chance to look at it yet. "
Eg:I have the opportunity to study in the United States for a year.
- Interest
Interest + V-ing: refers to something happening
Interest + to V: refers to something that happened
Eg: I’m interested to meet you today
- Go on
Go on + V-ing: continue what you are doing / have been doing
Go on + to V: change one thing to another
Eg: He was sleeping and he woke up when the teacher called him
but he went on to talk to the girl beside him
Here are some exercises to reinforce the theory I've covered

Exercise 1: Find and correct the mistakes below.
1My daughter enjoys to play with her kittens1
2. Have you forgotten bringing your hall ticket?
3. I requested him lending me a few hundred rupees.
4. I heard them to sing.
5. I told her minding her own business.
key
1.To play -> playing
Từ chỉ yêu ghét + Ving (enjoy,fancy,hate,detest + Ving )
2. Bringing-> to bring
- Forget to V : quên làm việc cần làm
-Forget Ving : Quên một việc đã làm
3. Lending -> to lend
Request sb to V : yêu cầu ai làm gì
4. To sing -> sing/singing
Sau hear sẽ đi cùng V hoặc Ving
5. Minding -> to mind
Tell sb to V : bảo ai làm cái gì
EXERCISE 8: Rewrite the sentences with the word in Italics

1, They finally succeeded in escaping from the room. (Manage)
They finally…… managed to escape…….from the room.
2, I bought a new notebook on the way to school.( Stopped )
On the way to school…stopped to buy……. A new notebook
3, We're staying in Milan for a night before flying home. (Planning )
We…are planning to stay…..Milan for a night before flying home.
4, I don't want to cook tonight - let's have a takeaway. (Feel )
I don't…feel like cooking……tonight - let's have a takeaway.
5, I'm going to get annoyed if you don't stop making that noise!
(Continue)
If you ...continue making / to make that noise, I'm going to get
annoyed!
you can read the whole sentence
don't…feel like cooking

Gerund - Infinitive

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Gerund & Infinitive /ɪnˈfɪn.ə.

Now let’s move to exercise

Danh động từ và Động từ nguyên mẫu

Part 1: Gerund /ˈdʒer.ənd/

3. Possessive cases should be placed immediately /ɪˈmiː.di.ət.li/ before the noun

(Here granting is gerund use possessive case 'your' with it.)

4. The use of Gerund and infinitive is often confused

a. If a sentence expresses some purpose, an infinitive should be used instead of a

b. If a verb is followed by a preposition, /ˌprep.əˈzɪʃ.ən/ it often takes gerund.

5. Recognize verbs and gerunds

I study English at school.

I enjoy studying English at school.

b, gerund can be a subject, but a verb can't

Winning this competition is a big achievement with me.

If I win this game, I will definitely /ˈdef.ən.ət.li/ be on cloud nine.

1. Steve advised me to tell Paul about it.

Suggest/recommend somebody doing something:

2. Could you help me put these chairs away?

Do/Would you mind doing something

bài 2: Find and correct mistakes in these emails

1,Remember + Ving : nhớ đã làm gì

2, Enjoy + Ving : thích cái gì đó

3, Arrange + To V: sắp xếp 1 cái gì đó

1. Only the Infinitive is used after the object of the person.

Ask: Can I ask him to help me clean the floor?

Expect: I never expected him to become my boyfriend.

sit in your office?

Invite: I invited her to attend my birthday party.

Order: She ordered the child to stay at home

Remind: Please remind me to go to work.

Require: This job required us to have experience.

after all these words we have to use the infinitive

2. Use “for + to infinitive” to express purpose

Vi du: She comes here for to make a presentation. X

She comes here to make a presentation.

• • Mistaking "to" as a preposition with "to infinitive"

Vi du: I look forward to hear from you. X

In addition to being the object of some verbs, the infinitive can be

used after some adjectives.

● It’s unable to open this account, isn’t it?

● I’m afraid to stand alone in front of many people.

4. Some special verbs can be combined with both Gerund and

Chance/ Opportunity + of + V-ing

Here are some exercises to reinforce the theory I've covered

EXERCISE 8: Rewrite the sentences with the word in Italics

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