Scribd
Upload
48 views

Assignment 1... Engineering Data Analysis

1. Data analysis involves collecting and studying data to form insights that can be used to make decisions across many industries. It helps companies make choices on issues like marketing strategies, purchases, and staff organization. Data analysis also aims to predict the future and evaluate past decisions. 2. Common data collection methods include surveys, interviews, observations, focus groups, experiments, and secondary data analysis. The data derived can then be analyzed to test hypotheses and draw conclusions. 3. When planning a survey, researchers must determine the survey goal, sample population, method, questions, administration process, and analysis approach to ensure an unbiased and focused collection of information.

Uploaded by

Yaongyi Beauty
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
48 views

Assignment 1... Engineering Data Analysis

1. Data analysis involves collecting and studying data to form insights that can be used to make decisions across many industries. It helps companies make choices on issues like marketing strategies, purchases, and staff organization. Data analysis also aims to predict the future and evaluate past decisions. 2. Common data collection methods include surveys, interviews, observations, focus groups, experiments, and secondary data analysis. The data derived can then be analyzed to test hypotheses and draw conclusions. 3. When planning a survey, researchers must determine the survey goal, sample population, method, questions, administration process, and analysis approach to ensure an unbiased and focused collection of information.

Uploaded by

Yaongyi Beauty
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

1.

Define Data Analysis


Data analysis involves gathering and studying data to form insights that can be used to make decisions. The
information derived can be useful in several different ways, such as for building a business strategy or ensuring the
safety and efficiency of an engineering project.

Data collection and analysis is becoming increasingly important across most every industry. Fields that
collect this information include marketing, sports, entertainment, medicine, communications, government, criminal
justice, electronics, and aerospace. Data can help companies make decisions on issues as diverse as how to engage
their target audiences, what purchases to make, and how to organize their staff members. Ultimately, data science is
not just about collecting and analyzing information. It is about being able to predict the future and verify the results
of past decisions.

Data Analysis is the process of systematically applying statistical and/or logical techniques to describe and
illustrate, condense and recap, and evaluate data.

2. What are the most common methods of data collection?


Surveys
Interviews
Observations
Focus groups
Experiments
And secondary data analysis
The data collected through these methods can then be analyzed and used to support or refute research
hypotheses and draw conclusions about the study's subject matter.

3. Define/Explain planning of survey.


Designing, Conducting, and Analyzing Surveys
A survey is a way to ask a lot of people a few well-constructed questions. The survey is a series of unbiased
questions that the subject must answer. Some advantages of surveys are that they are efficient ways of collecting
information from a large number of people, they are relatively easy to administer, a wide variety of information can
be collected and they can be focused (researchers can stick to just the questions that interest them.) Some
disadvantages of surveys arise from the fact that they depend on the subjects’ motivation, honesty, memory and
ability to respond. Moreover, answer choices to survey questions could lead to vague data. For example, the choice
“moderately agree” may mean different things to different people or to whoever ends up interpreting the data.

Designing a Survey
Surveys can take different forms. They can be used to ask only one question or they can ask a series of questions.
We can use surveys to test out people’s opinions or to test a hypothesis.
When designing a survey, the following steps are useful:
1. Determine the goal of your survey: What question do you want to answer?
2. Identify the sample population: Whom will you interview?
3. Choose an interviewing method: face-to-face interview, phone interview, self-administered paper survey, or
internet survey.
4. Decide what questions you will ask in what order, and how to phrase them. (This is important if there is
more than one piece of information you are looking for.)
5. Conduct the interview and collect the information.
6. Analyze the results by making graphs and drawing conclusions.

4. Ways of conducting a survey


Conducting a Survey
There are various methods for administering a survey. It can be done as a face-to face interview or a phone interview
where the researcher is questioning the subject. A different option is to have a self-administered survey where the
subject can complete a survey on paper and mail it back, or complete the survey online. There are advantages and
disadvantages to each of these methods.
The advantages of face-to-face interviews include fewer misunderstood questions, fewer incomplete responses,
higher response rates, and greater control over the environment in which the survey is administered; also, the
researcher can collect additional information if any of the respondents’ answers need clarifying. The disadvantages
of face-to-face interviews are that they can be expensive and time-consuming and may require a large staff of trained
interviewers. In addition, the response can be biased by the appearance or attitude of the interviewer.
The advantages of self-administered surveys are that they are less expensive than interviews, do not require a large
staff of experienced interviewers and can be administered in large numbers. In addition, anonymity and privacy
encourage more candid and honest responses, and there is less
pressure on respondents. The disadvantages of self-administered surveys are that responders are more likely to stop
participating mid-way through the survey and respondents cannot ask them to clarify their answers. In addition,
there are lower response rates than in personal interviews, and often the respondents who bother to return surveys
represent extremes of the population – those people who care about the issue strongly, whichever way their opinion
leans.

5. Define/Explain Experiments
An experiment is a procedure carried out to support or refute a hypothesis, or determine the efficacy or
likelihood of something previously untried. Experiments provide insight into cause-and-effect by demonstrating
what outcome occurs when a particular factor is manipulated.
an ordered procedure which is performed with the objective of verifying, and determining the validity of
the hypothesis. Before performing any experiment, some specific questions for which the experiment is intended
should be clearly identified.

6. Define/explain experimentation

7. Define/explain the process of an experiment


The practical steps needed for planning and conducting an experiment include:
recognizing the goal of the experiment,
choice of factors,
choice of response,
choice of the design,
analysis and then
drawing conclusions.

8. Guidelines for designing experiments


 Set objectives.
 Select process variables.
 Select an experimental design.
 Execute the design.
 Check that the data are consistent with the experimental assumptions.
 Analyze and interpret the results.
 Use/present the results (may lead to further runs or DOE's).

9. Explain Data Presentation


Data presentation is a process of comparing two or more data sets with visual aids, such as graphs. Using a
graph, you can represent how the information relates to other data. This process follows data analysis and helps
organise information by visualising and putting it into a more readable format.
10. Differentiate group data from ungrouped data

11. What are the measure of Central Tendency


Mean, median, and mode are different measures of center in a numerical data set. They each try to summarize a
dataset with a single number to represent a "typical" data point from the dataset.
mean, median and mode. The mode is the most frequent value. The median is the middle number in an ordered data
set. The mean is the sum of all values divided by the total number of values.

The mean (average) of a data set is found by adding all numbers in the data set and then dividing by the
number of values in the set. The median is the middle value when a data set is ordered from least to greatest. The
mode is the number that occurs most often in a data set.

You might also like