Introduction to Client/Server Network Setup

A computer network consists of two or more computers intended to share resources. A client/server network is a system where
one or more computers called clients connect to a central computer named a server to share or use resources. Each client
computer must use an operating system that allows it to be identified to participate in the network.

Client/Server Networking

A computer network is referred to as client/server if (at least) one of the

computers is used to "serve" other computers referred to as "clients".
Besides the computers, other types of devices can be part of the network:

One of the consequences of a client/server network is that, if the server is

turned OFF, its resources and sometimes most of the resources on the
network are not available. In fact, one way to set up a client/server network
is to have more than one server. In this case, each server can play a
different role.

Another big advantage of a client/server network is that security is created,

managed, and can highly get enforced. To access the network, a person,
called a user must provide some credentials, such as a username and a
password. If the credentials are not valid, the user is prevented from
accessing the network.

The client/server type of network also provides many other advantages such as centralized backup, Intranet capability, Internet
monitoring, etc.

Windows Server 2008

Windows Server 2008 is a server operating system produced by Microsoft. It was released to manufacturing on February 4, 2008,
and reached general availability on February 27, 2008. It is the successor of Windows Server 2003, released nearly five years
earlier.

Hardware Requirements

2008 R2 2012 R2
Criteria
Minimum Recommended Minimum Recommended
CPU 1.4 GHz (x86-64 or Itanium) 2 GHz or faster 1.4 GHz (x86-64 or Itanium) 2 GHz or faster
RAM 512 MB 2 GB or greater 512 MB 2 GB or greater
Foundation: 10 GB Foundation: 10 GB or greater
HDD 32 GB 40 GB
Other editions: 32 GB Other editions: 32 GB or greater
Devices DVD drive, 800 × 600 or higher display, keyboard and mouse

Windows Server 2008 is designed around certain roles and features. A role is a primary duty that a server performs. For example,
you typically would point at a server and say "that's my domain controller (DC) and DNS server." A feature is something that helps
a server perform its primary duty (Windows Backup, network load balancing). Certain roles are comprised of sub-elements called
Role Services, which are distinct units of functionality. For example, within the role of Terminal Services, is the TS Gateway and TS
Licensing Role Services (among others). Please note that Server 2008 Web Edition has only the Web Server role. Also note that
WINS isn't a role in Server 2008, it's a feature.

The Server 2008 roles are as follows:

 Active Directory Certificate Services. Provides the services for creating and managing public key certificates used in
most aspects of security today, including HTTP Security (HTTPS), which is vital to many Windows Roles; Wireless network
security; VPNs; IPsec; Encrypting File System (EFS); and other software security systems that require encryption or digital
signatures.

 Active Directory Domain Services. Previously known as just Active Directory, AD Domain Services stores information
about users, computers, and other devices on the network in a security boundary known as a domain. With resources and
users being members of a domain or trusted hierarchy of domains known as a forest, access to company wide information
is secure and no burden on the user.

 Active Directory Federation Services (ADFS). Provides Web single-sign-on (SSO) capabilities across separate
organizations, allowing authentication across multiple Web applications in various companies using a single user account.
ADFS accomplishes this by securely federating, or sharing, user identities and access rights, in the form of digital claims,
between partner organizations once a federation trust has been established.
 Active Directory Lightweight Directory Services. Previously known as Active Directory Application Mode (ADAM),
Active Directory Lightweight Directory Services provides a directory service that organizations can use to store information
specific to an application that is separate from the organization's main AD. Active Directory Lightweight Directory Services
runs as a non-OS service and doesn't require deployment on a DC, with multiple Active Directory Lightweight Directory
Services instances supported on a single server.

 Active Directory Rights Management Services. Provides very granular protection on supported documents via AD
RMS-enabled applications to not only protect documents and other digital information but also to control the actions that
authorized consumers of the information can do.

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Subject Teacher/Grade-10 ICT
  Application Server. Comprises a number of components that are responsible for the deployment and managing of .NET
Framework 3.0 applications. These components include the .NET Framework, Web Server (IIS) Support, Message
Queuing, COM+ Network Access, TCP Port Sharing, Distributed Transactions and Windows Process Activation Service
Support.

 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) Server. Allows servers to assign or lease IP addresses to computers and
other devices that are enabled as DHCP clients on the network.

 DNS Server. DNS is used to resolve host names to IP addresses, both IPv4 and IPv6.

 Fax Server. Sends and receives faxes, and allows you to manage fax resources such as jobs, settings, reports, and fax
devices on this computer or on the network.

 File Services. Provides technologies for storage management, which includes control of the types of files stored on a
server via file screens and powerful quotas, file replication, distributed namespace management, NFS, and support for
UNIX clients.

 Hyper-V. Provides the services that you can use to create and manage virtual machines (VMs) and their resources. Hyper-
V will ship within 180 days of the Server 2008 launch, but a beta version is supplied with the 2008 RTM.

 Network Policy and Access Services. Delivers a variety of methods to provide users with local and remote network
connectivity, to connect network segments, and to allow network administrators to centrally manage network access and
client health policies. With Network Access Services, you can deploy VPN servers, dial-up servers, routers, and 802.11
protected wireless access. You can also deploy RADIUS servers and proxies, and use Connection Manager Administration
Kit to create remote access profiles that allow client computers to connect to your network.

 Print Services. Enables the management of print servers and printers. A print server reduces administrative and
management workload by centralizing printer management tasks. Also part of Print Services is the Print Management
Console, which streamlines the management of all aspects of printer server management including the ability to remotely
scan a subnet for printers and automatically create the necessary print queues and shares.

 Terminal Services/Remote Desktop. Enables users to access Windows-based programs that are installed on a terminal
server or to access the Windows desktop from almost any computing device that supports the RDP protocol. Users can
connect to a terminal server to run programs and to use network resources on that server. Server 2008 has technologies
that allow the RDP traffic necessary for communication with a terminal server from a client to be encapsulated in HTTPS
packets, which means all communication is via port 443 so no special holes are required in the firewall for access to
terminal servers within an organization from the Internet.
 Universal Description, Discovery, and Integration (UDDI) Services. UDDI Services provides description, discovery,
and integration capabilities for sharing information about Web services within an organization's intranet, between business
partners on an extranet, or on the Internet.

 Web Server (IIS). Enables sharing of information on the Internet, intranets, or extranets. It's a unified Web platform that
integrates IIS 7.0, ASP.NET, and Windows Communication Foundation. IIS 7.0 also features enhanced security, simplified
diagnostics, and delegated administration.

 Windows Deployment Services (WDS). Used to install and configure Windows OSs that are stored in the Windows
Imagine format remotely on computers via Pre-boot Execution Environment (PXE) boot ROMs.

The Active Directory Service is a distributed database that stores and manages information about network resources, as well as
application-specific data from directory-enabled applications. Active Directory allows administrators to organize objects of a network
(such as users, computers, and devices) into a hierarchical collection of containers known as the logical structure. The top-level
logical container in this hierarchy is the forest. Within a forest are domain containers, and within domains are organizational units.

Domains are logical directory components that you create to manage the administrative requirements of your organization. The
logical structure is based on the administrative requirements of an organization, such as the delegation of administrative authority,
and operational requirements, such as the need to control replication.

A domain is a partition in an Active Directory forest. Partitioning data enables organizations to replicate data only to where it is
needed. In this way, the directory can scale globally over a network that has limited available bandwidth.

The organizational unit is a particularly useful type of directory object contained within domains. Each organizational unit is an
Active Directory container within a domain into which users, groups, computers, and other organizational units of the domain can be
placed. An organizational unit cannot contain objects from other domains.

The forest is the largest management unit of Active Directory as well as the ultimate unit of autonomy and isolation of authority.
Members of the Enterprise Admins and forest root Domain Admins security groups are known as enterprise administrators.

Standard and Public File Sharing

Windows Server 2008 supports two types of file sharing, referred to as public file sharing and standard file sharing. In the case
of public file sharing any files to be shared must be copied to the server's Public folder located at C:\Users\Public. Once placed in
this folder the files are accessible to any users logged locally onto the machine and, if enabled, to any network users. Public
sharing provides some control over access to the files. For example, when the server belongs to a workgroup the public folder can
be password protected. In addition, network access to files within the public folder can be restricted to reading and executing only
or given permission to read, write, create and delete files.

Standard file sharing, which is only permitted on NTFS volumes, allows individual folders files and volumes to be shared to
specific users. This provides far greater levels of security over network access through a combination of NTFS file and folder

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Subject Teacher/Grade-10 ICT
permissions and share permissions, and avoids the necessity to move files from their existing location in order to share them.

Prepared by: GARWIN R. OCAMPO

Subject Teacher/Grade-10 ICT