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MariaDB SQL Quick Reference Guide

This document provides a quick reference guide for common SQL commands used for data definition (DDL) and data querying (DQL) in MariaDB. It lists keywords and their usage for creating, modifying and deleting database objects like tables, columns, constraints and indexes. It also covers commands for retrieving and filtering data like SELECT, WHERE, ORDER BY, LIMIT and operators for comparisons, patterns and ranges.

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christianpaul.cudal
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89 views

MariaDB SQL Quick Reference Guide

This document provides a quick reference guide for common SQL commands used for data definition (DDL) and data querying (DQL) in MariaDB. It lists keywords and their usage for creating, modifying and deleting database objects like tables, columns, constraints and indexes. It also covers commands for retrieving and filtering data like SELECT, WHERE, ORDER BY, LIMIT and operators for comparisons, patterns and ranges.

Uploaded by

christianpaul.cudal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MariaDB SQL QUICK REFERENCE

GUIDE

DDL - Data Definition Language


KEYWORDS/CO DESCRIPTION SAMPLE USAGE
MMANDS

CREATE TABLE Create new table in the CREATE TABLE [IF NOT EXISTS]
database table_name(
id INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
column1 VARCHAR(255),
PRIMARY KEY (id)
)

ALTER TABLE… Adds a new ALTER TABLE my_table


ADD column to an ADD new_column INT;
existing table.

ALTER TABLE… Modifies the data ALTER TABLE my_table


MODIFY type or MODIFY column1 VARCHAR(100);
constraints of an
existing column in a
table.

ALTER TABLE… Changes the ALTER TABLE my_table


CHANGE name or data type of CHANGE COLUMN old_name new_name
COLUMN an existing column VARCHAR(100);
in a table.

ALTER TABLE… Removes a ALTER TABLE my_table


DROP COLUMN column from an DROP COLUMN column_to_remove;
existing table.

ALTER TABLE… Renames an existing ALTER TABLE my_table RENAME


RENAME TO table. TO new_table_name;

ALTER TABLE… Adds a constraint to ALTER TABLE my_table


ADD an existing table. ADD CONSTRAINT fk_constraint FOREIGN KEY
CONSTRAINT (column_name) REFERENCES other_table(id);
ALTER TABLE… Drops a foreign ALTER TABLE my_table
DROP FOREIGN key constraint DROP FOREIGN KEY fk_constraint;
KEY from an existing
table.

DROP TABLE Deletes an DROP TABLE my_table;


existing table and its
data.

TRUNCATE Removes all rows TRUNCATE TABLE my_table;


TABLE from an existing
table but retains the
table
structure.

DESCRIBE Provides information DESC my_table;


TABLE about the columns in
a table.

CREATE Creates a new CREATE DATABASE my_database;


DATABASE database.

DROP Deletes an DROP DATABASE my_database;


DATABASE existing database and
all its tables.

USE Specifies which USE my_database;


database to use
within the current
session.
DQL - Data Query Language
KEYWORDS/ DESCRIPTION SAMPLE USAGE
COMMANDS

SELECT Retrieve data from the table SELECT column1, column2 FROM
table_name

WHERE Filters rows based on a WHERE column1 = 'value' AND column2 > 10;
specified condition in
the SELECT statement.

AND Combines multiple WHERE condition1 AND condition2;


conditions in the
WHERE clause, all of
which must be true.

OR Combines multiple WHERE condition1 OR condition2;


conditions in the
WHERE clause, at
least one of which must
be true.

LIKE Performs a pattern WHERE column1 LIKE 'pattern%';


match search within a
column's data.

BETWEEN Specifies a range of WHERE column1 BETWEEN 10 AND 20;


values for a column in a
condition.

<, <=, >, >=, =, Used for comparing WHERE column1 > 5;
!=/<> values in a condition.

ORDER BY Sorts the result set based ORDER BY column1 ASC, column2 DESC;
on one or more columns.
NOT Negates a condition in WHERE NOT condition;
the WHERE clause.

IS NULL Checks if a column has WHERE column1 IS NULL;


a NULL value.

IS NOT NULL Checks if a column does WHERE column1 IS NOT NULL;


not have a NULL value.

DISTINCT Removes duplicate rows SELECT DISTINCT column1 FROM my_table;


from the result set.

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