Homework - Atomic structure

1. An element X forms a positive ion with the electronic structure 2,8,8.

What is the proton (atomic) number of X?

A. 16
B. 17
C. 18
D. 19

2. Which statement about the numbers of particles in atoms is correct?

Apart from hydrogen, most atoms contain

A. more neutrons than protons.

B. more protons than neutrons.
C. more electrons than protons.
D. more protons than electrons.

3. Naturally-occurring bromine has a relative atomic mass of 80 and consists entirely of two isotopes
of relative atomic masses 79 and 81.
What can be deduced about naturally-occurring bromine from this information only?

A. Bromine contains the two isotopes in equal proportions.

B. Bromine has different oxidation states.
C. Bromine isotopes have different numbers of protons.
D. Bromine is radioactive.

4. What is the nucleon number of the isotope of uranium, 23592U?

A. 92
B. 143
C. 235
D. 327

5. The atoms 3115P and 3216S have the same

A. nucleon number.
B. number of electrons.
C. number of neutrons.
D. number of protons.
6. Which statement is correct about sulphur, atomic number 16?

A. Sulphur can form the ion S2–.

B. Sulphur dissolves in water to form sulphuric acid.

C. Sulphur forms ionic oxides.

D. Sulphur will react with metals to produce S6+ ions.

7. In the Periodic Table, how many periods are needed to accommodate the elements of atomic
numbers 1-18?

A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 8

8. An atom of element Z has 14 neutrons and 13 protons.

It forms a positive ion.
How many electrons does the ion of Z have?

A. 10
B. 13
C. 14
D. 27

9. The atom with electronic configuration 2.8.7 has

A. a nucleon number of 17.

B. 17 neutrons in its nucleus.
C. a proton number of 17.
D. 7 electrons.

10. Choose the electron arrangements with three valence electrons from the diagrams below.
11. The table below shows information about an atom.

• It has 10 neutrons
• Its nucleon number is 20
Choose the diagram that fits the description of the atom.

12. Which statement explains why isotopes of the same element have the same chemical properties?

A. They have a different number of neutrons in the nucleus.

B. They have the same number of neutrons in the nucleus.
C. They have the same number of outer shell electrons.
D. They have the same number of protons as neutrons.

13. An atom has three electron shells. There are three electrons in the outer shell.
How many protons and how many neutrons are in this atom?

protons neutrons

A 13 14
B 13 27

C 14 13
D 21 24
14. Two particles have the same numbers of protons and neutrons but different numbers of electrons
might be

A. an atom and an ion of different elements.

B. an atom and an ion of the same element.
C. an atom and an isotope of different elements.
D. an atom and an isotope of the same element

15. The atom with electronic configuration 2.8.7 has

A. a nucleon number of 17.

B. 17 neutrons in its nucleus.
C. a proton number of 17.
D. 7 electrons.
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16. This question is about the structures of atoms and ions.

(a) Define the term proton number.

....................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(b) (i) Complete the table to show the number of protons, neutrons and electrons present in
24
atoms of 12 Mg and 12
26
Mg.

number of number of number of

protons neutrons electrons

12Mg
24

12Mg
26

[2]

(ii) 24
What term is used to describe atoms of the same element, such as 12 Mg and 12
26
Mg?

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) 24
Explain why the chemical properties of 12 Mg and 12
26
Mg are the same.

.............................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................... [2]

(c) Complete the table to identify the atoms and ions which have the following numbers of protons,
neutrons and electrons.

number of number of number of

protons neutrons electrons

11Na
23 +
11 12

9 Be
4 4 4

17 20 18
[4]

(d) State the electronic structure of the following atom and ion.

A ...............................

S2– ..............................
[2]

[Total: 13]
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11Na, 11Na 11Na are isotopes of sodium.
22 23
17. (a) and 24

(i) Describe how these sodium isotopes are the same and how they are different in terms of
the total number of protons, neutrons and electrons in each.

same ...................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

different ...............................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
[3]

(ii) Why do all three isotopes have an overall charge of zero?

.............................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) Why do all three isotopes have the same chemical properties?

.............................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................... [2]

(iv) Why do sodium ions have a charge of +1?

.............................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Carbon is an element which exists in different forms.

(i) Name two forms of the element carbon that have giant covalent structures.

............................................................... and .............................................................. [1]

(ii) Name the oxide of carbon that is a toxic gas.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 9]