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la‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺃﺠل ﻜل ﻋﺩﺩ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﻲ ‪n‬‬ ‫ﻤﻥ ﺃﺠل ﻜل ﻋﺩﺩ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﻲ ‪n‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪u n +1 = u n ´ q‬‬ ‫‪u n +1 = u n + r‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺩ ﺍﻷﻭل ‪ u n = u 0 ´ q ¬ u 0 :‬ﺃﻭ‬
‫‪n‬‬
‫‪  ‬ﺍﻟﺤﺩ ﺍﻷﻭل ‪u n = u 0 + nr ¬ u 0 :‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺩ ﺍﻷﻭل ‪u n = u1 ´ q n -1 ¬ u1 :‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺩ ﺍﻷﻭل ‪u n = u1 + (n - 1)r ¬ u1 :‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﺔ ‪u n = u a ´ q (n -a ) :‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﺔ ‪u n = u a + (n - a )r :‬‬
‫‪ c, b,a‬ﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﻤﺘﺘﺎﺒﻌﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺘﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻫﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ ﺒﻬﺫﺍ‬ ‫‪ c, b,a‬ﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﻤﺘﺘﺎﺒﻌﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺘﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺤﺴﺎﺒﻴﺔ ﺒﻬﺫﺍ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ ﺘﻜﺎﻓﺊ ‪b 2 = a ´ c :‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ ﺘﻜﺎﻓﺊ ‪2b = a + c :‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻭﺩ‬ ‫‪) ‬ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻭﺩ (‬
‫–‪1‬‬ ‫)ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ(‬
‫× ) ﺍﻟﺤﺩ ﺍﻷﻭل ‪ +‬ﺍﻟﺤﺩ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭ (‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪q ¹ 1،‬‬ ‫) ﺍﻟﺤﺩ ﺍﻷﻭل ( ×‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫) ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ( ‪1 -‬‬

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‫‪n +1‬‬
‫‪q n +1 - 1‬‬ ‫= ‪S = u 0 + u1 + ... + u n‬‬ ‫) ‪(u 0 + u n‬‬
‫‪S = u 0 + u1 + ... + u n = u 0‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪q -1‬‬

‫‪ I‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬ﻜﻴﻑ ﻨﺤﺴﺏ ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻭﺩ‪u17 + u 9 + u10 + ... + u 2008 :‬‬
‫‪ ( 2008-17) +1= 1992‬ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻭﺩ‪‬‬
‫‪ (2‬ﺘﻘﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ ﻤﺘﻘﺎﺭﺒﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪]-1‬‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺃﺴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﺔ ‪ q‬ﻴﻨﺘﻤﻲ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل ‪; +1] :‬‬ ‫ﻤﺒﺭﻫﻨﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ (3‬ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺃﺨﺭ ﻟﻤﺘﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺤﺴﺎﺒﻴﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺃﻥ ‪ (u n ) :‬ﻤﺘﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺤﺴﺎﺒﻴﺔ ﻴﻜﻔﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻨﺒﺭﻫﻥ ‪ :‬ﺃﻨﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺠل ﻜل ﻋﺩﺩ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﻲ ‪ n‬ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﻌﺩﻭﻡ ‪2u n = u n -1 + u n +1 :‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪3 II‬‬
‫ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ‪02 :‬‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ‪01 :‬‬
‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ‪u n = f (n) :‬‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ‪ u n +1 - u n ³ 0 :‬ﻓﺈﻥ ‪ (u n ) :‬ﻤﺘﺯﺍﻴﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ‪ f‬ﻤﺘﺯﺍﻴﺩﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل‪ ]0;+¥ ] :‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ) ‪ (u n‬ﻤﺘﺯﺍﻴﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ‪ u n +1 - u n £ 0 :‬ﻓﺈﻥ ‪ (u n ) :‬ﻤﺘﻨﺎﻗﺼﺔ‬
‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ‪ f‬ﻤﺘﻨﺎﻗﺼﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل‪ ]0;+¥ ] :‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ) ‪ (u n‬ﻤﺘﻨﺎﻗﺼﺔ‪‬‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ‪ u n +1 - u n = 0 :‬ﻓﺈﻥ ‪ (u n ) :‬ﺜﺎﺒﺘﺔ‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪u n +1‬‬ ‫‪u‬‬
‫ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ) ‪ (u n‬ﻤﺘﻨﺎﻗﺼﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ‪ n +1 ³ 1 :‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ) ‪ (u n‬ﻤﺘﺯﺍﻴﺩﺓ ﻭ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ‪£ 1 :‬‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ‪03 :‬‬
‫‪un‬‬ ‫‪un‬‬
‫‪www.bac2008.c. la‬‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺘﻌﻤل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻤﻭﺠﺒﺔ ﺘﻤﺎﻤﺎ ‪.‬‬
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‫‪ .III‬‬
‫) ‪ L‬ﻋﺩﺩ ﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ (‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫) ) ‪ (u n‬ﻤﺘﻘﺎﺭﺒﺔ ( ﻤﻌﻨﺎﻩ ‪lim u n = L :‬‬
‫‪n ®+¥‬‬

‫) ) ‪ (u n‬ﻤﺘﺒﺎﻋﺩﺓ ( ﻤﻌﻨﺎﻩ ‪ lim u n = ±¥ :‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻻ ﺘﻘﺒل ﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬

‫‪n ®+¥‬‬

‫ﺘﺫﻜﻴﺭ ‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ) ‪ (u n‬ﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﺒـ ‪ u n = f (n ) :‬ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ‪ lim f (x ) = L :‬ﻓﺈﻥ ‪. lim u n = L :‬‬
‫‪n ®+¥‬‬ ‫‪x ®+¥‬‬

‫‪ IV‬‬

‫‪ A‬ﻭ ‪ B‬ﻋﺩﺩﺍﻥ ﺤﻘﻴﻘﻴﺎﻥ ‪.‬‬

‫) ‪ (u n‬ﻤﺤﺩﻭﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻌﻨﺎﻩ ‪ :‬ﻤﻥ ﺃﺠل ﻜل ﻋﺩﺩ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﻲ ‪u n £ A : n‬‬
‫) ‪ (u n‬ﻤﺤﺩﻭﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﺴﻔل ﻤﻌﻨﺎﻩ ‪ :‬ﻤﻥ ﺃﺠل ﻜل ﻋﺩﺩ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﻲ ‪u n ³ B : n‬‬
‫) ‪ (u n‬ﻤﺤﺩﻭﺩﺓ ﻴﻌﻨﻲ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﻤﺤﺩﻭﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﻭ ﻤﺤﺩﻭﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﺴﻔل ‪.‬‬
‫ﻤﺒﺭﻫﻨﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ à‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ) ‪ (u n‬ﻤﺘﺯﺍﻴﺩﺓ ﻭﻤﺤﺩﻭﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﺈﻨﻬﺎ ﻤﺘﻘﺎﺭﺒﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ à‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ) ‪ (u n‬ﻤﺘﻨﺎﻗﺼﺔ ﻭﻤﺤﺩﻭﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﺴﻔل ﻓﺈﻨﻬﺎ ﻤﺘﻘﺎﺭﺒﺔ ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .V‬‬
‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﺘﺘﺎﻟﻴﺘﺎﻥ ﻋﺩﺩﻴﺘﺎﻥ ) ‪ (u n‬ﻭ ) ‪ (v n‬ﻤﺘﺠﺎﻭﺭﺘﺎﻥ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻭ ﻓﻘﻁ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺇﺤﺩﺍﻫﻤﺎ ﻤﺘﺯﺍﻴﺩﺓ ﻭ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ ﻤﺘﻨﺎﻗﺼﺔ ﻭ ‪lim (u n - v n ) = 0‬‬

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‫‪x ®+¥‬‬

‫‪ u n +1 = au n + b  .VI‬ﻭ‪ u 0 ‬ﻫﻭ ﺍﻟﺤﺩ ﺍﻷﻭل‬

‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻓﺈﻥ ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ‪:‬‬
‫) ‪ (u n‬ﻤﺘﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺜﺎﺒﺘﺔ‬ ‫‪a =0‬‬
‫) ‪ (u n‬ﻤﺘﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺜﺎﺒﺘﺔ‬ ‫‪ a =1‬ﻭ ‪b = 0‬‬
‫) ‪ (u n‬ﻤﺘﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺤﺴﺎﺒﻴﺔ ﺃﺴﺎﺴﻬﺎ ‪b‬‬ ‫‪ a =1‬ﻭ ‪b ¹ 0‬‬
‫) ‪ (u n‬ﻤﺘﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻫﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ ﺃﺴﺎﺴﻬﺎ ‪a‬‬ ‫‪ a ¹ 0‬ﻭ ‪ a ¹1‬ﻭ ‪b = 0‬‬

‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﺔ ‪ a ¹ 0 :‬ﻭ ‪ a ¹ 1‬ﻭ ‪b ¹ 0‬‬

‫‪ à‬ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ ‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ‪ (u n ) :‬ﻤﺘﻘﺎﺭﺒﺔ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﻋﺩﺩ ﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﻭﺤﻴﺩ ﺤﻴﺙ ‪ lim u n = L :‬ﻭ ﻟﺩﻴﻨﺎ ﻜﺫﻟﻙ ‪lim u n +1 = L :‬‬
‫‪x ®+¥‬‬ ‫‪x ®+¥‬‬

‫‪b‬‬
‫=‪L‬‬ ‫ﻭ ﻤﻨﻪ ﻭ ﺤﺴﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﻴﺎﺕ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ ‪ L‬ﻴﺤﻘﻕ ‪ ، L = aL + b :‬ﻭ ﻤﻨﻪ ‪:‬‬
‫‪1- a‬‬
‫‪b‬‬
‫‪ v n = u n -‬ﻭ ﻨﺒﺭﻫﻥ ﺃﻥ ‪ (v n ) :‬ﻤﺘﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻫﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ ﺜﻡ ﻨﻜﺘﺏ ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ à‬ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺤﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ‪ :‬ﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﺠﻌﻴﺔ ﻨﻀﻊ ‪:‬‬
‫‪1- a‬‬
‫‪ v n‬ﺒﺩﻻﻟﺔ ‪ n‬ﺜﻡ ﻨﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ ‪ u n‬ﺒﺩﻻﻟﺔ ‪. n‬‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻁﺭﻕ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﺠﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻼﺤﻅﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬

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