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Construction

The document provides an overview of structural systems, including types of structures, structure members, and loads. It discusses common structure types like trusses, frames, and arches. Structure members are classified as flexure, compression, or tension. Loads include dead loads from structural elements, live loads from movable objects, and environmental loads from wind, snow, and earthquakes. The objective is to understand internal forces and displacements for structural analysis and design.

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40 views16 pages

Construction

The document provides an overview of structural systems, including types of structures, structure members, and loads. It discusses common structure types like trusses, frames, and arches. Structure members are classified as flexure, compression, or tension. Loads include dead loads from structural elements, live loads from movable objects, and environmental loads from wind, snow, and earthquakes. The objective is to understand internal forces and displacements for structural analysis and design.

Uploaded by

asoomlay
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS

Lecture No. 01
TYPES OF STRUCTURES AND LOADS

Dr. ABUBKRE ABDELMONEIM

1
STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS
Course Contents

1. Introduction (TYPES OF STRUCTURES AND LOADS).


2. Types of Supports
3. Introduction to the theory of elasticity.
4. Hook’s Law.
5. Direct stresses in bars, strain, shear
6. Thermal Stresses
7. Bending moment and shear force diagram.

STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS 2
References
1- Structural Analysis. Hibbeler, Russell C., and Tan Kiang,
Pearson Prentice Hall, 2015.
2- Mechanics of Materials. 4th F.P. Beer, ER Johnston, J.T. Dewolf,
D.Mazurek - 2006 - New York, NY: McGraw-Hill
3-Engineering Mechanics. Hibbeler, Russell C.. Pearson
education, 2001

STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS 3
Objective of the Lecture

• To provide an overview of the types of structure, structure members


(elements) and loads.

STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS 4
Course Question

Why do we need to study structure analysis?


Because we need to find out the internal forces and displacement of
structure members.
The results of this analysis can be used to design (re-design) the
structure.

STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS 5
Type of Structures
1. Trusses
2. Frames
3. Surface structures
4. Arch and Cables
FRAME
TRUSS

SURFACE STRUCTURE ARCH CABLE

STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS 6
Type of Structures
Type of structure

REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURE

STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS 7
Structure Elements
A structure refers to a system of connected elements (members) used
to support a load.
1. Beams are usually straight horizontal members
used primarily to carry vertical loads
2. Columns (Members that are generally vertical
and resist axial compressive loads are referred to
as columns
3. Tie rod (Structural members subjected to
tension/ compression)

STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS 8
Classification of structure members:

1. Flexure member (Beams)


2. Compression member (Columns or Struts)
3. Tension member (Tie or Rods)

STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS 9
Type of Loads
• In order to design a structure, it is necessary to first specify the loads that act on it.

 Dead Loads
 Live Loads
 Bridge Loads
 Wind Loads
 Snow Loads
 Earthquake Loads
 Hydrostatic and Soil Pressure
 Other Natural Loads

STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS 10
Type of Loads
Dead loads:

Dead loads are loads of constant magnitude that remain in one position.
Dead loads consist of the weights of the various structural members and the
weights of any objects that are permanently attached to the structure.
(weight of walls, plasters, floorings, glasses, plumping and electrical attachments).

Once the materials and sizes of the various components of the structure are
determined, their weights can be found from tables that list their densities.

STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS 11
Type of Loads
Live loads (Imposed load)
Live loads are loads that can change in magnitude and position.

Live loads may be caused by the weights of objects temporarily placed on a structure,
moving vehicles, or natural forces.
(weight of human beings, moving loads, … etc)

The minimum live loads specified in codes are determined from studying the history of
their effects on existing structures.

The values are determined from a history of loading of various buildings.

STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS 12
Type of Loads
Wind loads

Wind loads are produced by the flow of


wind around structures.

Wind loads can vary both in their magnitude


and location.

Wind load magnitudes vary in proportion to


the distance from the base of the structure,
peak wind speed, importance factor, and
side of building and roof slope.

STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS 13
Type of Loads
Snow Loads:
Design snow load for a structure is based on the
ground snow load for its geographic location, exposure
to wind, and its thermal, geometric, and functional
characteristics.

Earthquake Loads:
An earthquake is a sudden undulation of a portion of the earth’s surface.

Hydrostatic and Soil Pressures:


Hydrostatic pressure acts normal to the submerged surface of the structure, with its
magnitude varying linearly with height,
STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS 14
Questions of the Lecture
What are the common types of structures?
Building, bridges, towers, dams, tanks… etc.
What are the main types of structure members?
Beams, columns, tie, floor … etc.
Which types of load must be considered for analysis and design of
structures?
dead load, live load, snow load, wind load, … etc.

STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS 15
End of Presentation

Questions
Good Luck..
STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS 16

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