WBP Model Answer W 2022

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WBP 22619 diplomachakhazana Model Answer W-2022
Computer science (Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Institute of Technology, Vasad)
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MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
WINTER – 2022 EXAMINATION

MODEL ANSWER
Subject: Web Based Application Development Using PHP (Elect-II) Subject Code: 22619
Important Instructions to examiners:

1) The answers should be examined by key words and not as word-to-word as given
in the model answer scheme.
2) The model answer and the answer written by candidate may vary but the examiner
may try to assess the understanding level of the candidate.
3) The language errors such as grammatical, spelling errors should not be given more
Importance (Not applicable for subject English and Communication Skills.
4) While assessing figures, examiner may give credit for principal components
indicated in the figure. The figures drawn by candidate and model answer may
vary. The examiner may give credit for anyequivalent figure drawn.
5) Credits may be given step wise for numerical problems. In some cases, the
assumed constant values may vary and there may be some difference in the
candidate’s answers and model answer.
6) In case of some questions credit may be given by judgement on part of examiner
of relevant answer based on candidate’s understanding.
7) For programming language papers, credit may be given to any other program
based on equivalent concept.
8) As per the policy decision of Maharashtra State Government, teaching in
English/Marathi and Bilingual (English + Marathi) medium is introduced at first year
of AICTE diploma Programme from academic year 2021-2022. Hence if the
students in first year (first and second semesters) write answers in Marathi or
bilingual language (English +Marathi), the Examiner shall consider the same and
assess the answer based on matching of concepts with model answer.
Q. Sub Answer Marking

No Q.N. Scheme
1. Attempt any FIVE of the following: 10
a) List any four data types of PHP. 2M
Ans.  boolean Any four
 integer types ½ M
each
 float
 string
 array
 object
 resource
 NULL
b) Define Array. State its example. 2M
Ans. Definition:An array is a special variable, which can hold more than Definition
one value at a time. 1M
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Example:
1)Indexed array: Any one
example 1M
$colors = array("Red", "Green", "Blue");
2)Associative array:
$student_one = array("Maths"=>95, "Physics"=>90,
"Chemistry"=>96, "English"=>93,
"Computer"=>98);
3)Multidimensional array
$movies =array(
"comedy" =>array("Pink Panther", "John English", "See no evil hear
no evil"),
"action" =>array("Die Hard", "Expendables","Inception"),
"epic" =>array("The Lord of the rings")
);
c) State the role of constructor. 2M
Ans. The constructor is an essential part of object-oriented programming. Correct
It is a method of a class that is called automatically when an object of answer 2M
that class is declared. The main purpose of this method is to initialize
the object.
d) State the use of cookies. 2M
Ans. Cookie is used to keep track of information such as a username that Correct use
the site can retrieve to personalize the page when the user visits the 2M
website next time.
e) List two database operations. 2M
Ans. 1.mysqli_affected_rows() Any two
operations
2. mysqli_close() 1M each
3. mysqli_connect()
4. mysqli_fetch_array()
5.mysqli_fetch_assoc()
6.mysqli_affected_rows()
7. mysqli_error()
f) Write syntax of for each loop 2M
Ans. foreach ($array as $value) { Correct
code to be executed; syntax 2M
}
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g) State role of GET and POST methods 2M

Ans. i)Get method:
It processes the client request which is sent by the client, using the 1M for each
HTTP get method.Browser uses get method to send request. method
ii)Post method
It Handles request in servlet which is sent by the client. If a client is
entering registration data in an html form, the data can be sent using
post method.
2. Attempt any THREE of the following: 12
a) Explain the use of break and continue statements. 4M
Ans. Break statement:-break keyword is used to terminate and transfer
the control to the next statement when encountered inside a loop or
switch case statement.
Syntax:
if (condition) Use and
{ break; } relevant
Example: example of
each - 2M
<?php
for ($a = 0; $a < 10; $a++)

{
if ($a == 7)
{
break; /* Break the loop when condition is true. */
}
echo "Number: $a <br>";
}
echo " Terminate the loop at $a number";
?>
ii)Continue Statement
It is used to skip the execution of a particular statement inside the
loops.
if (condition)
{ continue; }
Example:
<?php
for ($i = 0; $i< 10; $i++)
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{
if ($i == 5)continue;
{
echo " $i<br>";
}}
echo "end";
?>
b) Explain Indexed array and associative arrays with suitable 4M
examples.
Ans.  In indexed arrays the value is accessed using indexes 0,1,2 etc.
 These types of arrays can be used to store any type of elements,
but an index is always a number. By default, the index starts at Explanation
zero. These arrays can be created in two different ways as shown of each array
in the following with suitable
 Array initialization example -2M
First method
$colors = array("Red", "Green", "Blue");
Second method
$colors[0] = "Red";
$colors[1] = "Green";
$colors[2] = "Blue";
Example:-initialize an array elements and display the same

<?php
$name_one = array("Zack", "Anthony", "Ram", "Salim", "Raghav");
// Accessing the elements directly
echo "Accessing the 1st array elements directly:\n";
echo $name_one[2], "\n";
?>
ii)Associative array
Associative arrays are used to store key value pairs.
Associative arrays have strings as keys and behave more liketwo-
column tables. The first column is the key, which is used to access the
value.
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Here array() function is used to create associative array.

<?php
/* First method to create an associate array. */
$student_one = array("Maths"=>95, "Physics"=>90,
"Chemistry"=>96, "English"=>93,
"Computer"=>98);
Second method to create an associate array.
$student_two["Maths"] = 95;
$student_two["Physics"] = 90;
$student_two["Chemistry"] = 96;
$student_two["English"] = 93;
$student_two["Computer"] = 98;
Example
<?php
$student_two["Maths"] = 95;
$student_two["Physics"] = 90;
$student_two["Chemistry"] = 96;
$student_two["English"] = 93;
$student_two["Computer"] = 98;
echo "Marks for student one is:\n";
echo "Maths:" . $student_two["Maths"], "\n";
echo "Physics:" . $student_two["Physics"], "\n";
echo "Chemistry:" . $student_two["Chemistry"], "\n";
echo "English:" . $student_two["English"], "\n";
echo "Computer:" . $student_two["Computer"], "\n";
?>
c) Define Introspection. Explain it with suitable example 4M
Ans. Introspection is the ability of a program to examine an object's
characteristics, such as its name, parent class (if any), properties, and Definition
1M
methods. With introspection, we can write code that operates on any
class or object. We don't need to know which methods or properties
are defined when we write code; instead, we can discover that
informationat runtime, which makes it possible for us to write generic
debuggers, serializers, profilers, etc.
Example:-
<?php Any relevant
class parentclass Program /
Example -
{ 3M
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public $roll;
public function par_function()
{}}
class childclass extends parentclass
{public $name;
public function child_fun()
{}}
$obj=new childclass();
//class introspection
print_r("parent class exists:".class_exists('parentclass'));
echo"<br> child class methods: ";
print_r(get_class_methods('childclass'));
echo"<br> child class variables: ";
print_r(get_class_vars('childclass'));
echo"<br> parent class variables: ";
print_r(get_class_vars('parentclass'));
echo"<br> parent class: ";
print_r(get_parent_class('childclass'));
//object introspection;
echo"<br> is object: ";
print_r(is_object($obj));
echo"<br> object of a class: ";
print_r(get_class($obj));
echo"<br> object variables: ";
print_r(get_object_vars($obj));
echo"<br> methods exists: ";
print_r(method_exists($obj,'child_fun'));
?>
d) Describe 4M
i) Start session
ii) Get session variables
Ans. PHP session_start() function is used to start the session. It starts a
new or resumes existing session. It returns existing session if session
is created already. If session is not available, it creates and returns Description
of Start
new session session 2M
Syntax 1.
boolsession_start( void )
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Example 1.session_start();
PHP $_SESSION is an associative array that contains all session
variables. It is used to set and get session variable values.
Example: Store information
2. $_SESSION["CLASS"] = "TYIF STUDENTS“
Example: Program to set the session variable (demo_session1.php)
<?php
session_start();
?>
<html>
<body>
<?php
$_SESSION["CLASS"] = "TYIF STUDDENTS";
echo "Session information are set successfully.<br/>";
?>
</body>
</html>
ii)Get Session variables

We create another page called "demo_session2.php". From this page,
we will access the session information we set on the first page Description
("demo_session1.php"). of
Get session
2M
Notice that session variables are not passed individually to each new
page, instead they are retrieved from the session we open at the
beginning of each page (session_start()).
Also notice that all session variable values are stored in the global
$_SESSION variable:
Example:- program to get the session variable

values(demo_session2.php)
<?php
session_start();
?>
<html>
<body>
<?php
echo "CLASS is: ".$_SESSION["CLASS"];
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?>
</body>
</html>
a) Explain two functions to scale the given image. 4M
Ans. imagecopyresized() function : It is an inbuilt function in PHP which
is used to copy a rectangular portion of one image to another image
and resize it. dst_image is the destination image, src_image is the Explanation
source image identifier. of two
functions -
Syntax: 2M each
imagecopyresized(dst_image, src_image, dst_x, dst_y,src_x, src_y,
dst_w,dst_h,src_w, src_h)
dst_image: It specifies the destination image resource.
src_image: It specifies the source image resource.
dst_x: It specifies the x-coordinate of destination point.
dst_y: It specifies the y-coordinate of destination point.
src_x: It specifies the x-coordinate of source point.
src_y: It specifies the y-coordinate of source point.
dst_w: It specifies the destination width.
dst_h: It specifies the destination height.
src_w: It specifies the source width.
src_h: It specifies the source height.
Example:
imagecopyresized($d_image,$s_image,0,0,50,50,200,200,$s_width,
$s_height);
imagecopyresampled() function : It is used to copy a rectangular

portion of one image to another image, smoothly interpolating pixel
values thatresize an image.
Syntax:
imagecopyresampled(dst_image, src_image, dst_x, dst_y,src_x,
src_y, dst_w,dst_h,src_w, src_h)
dst_image: It specifies the destination image resource.
src_image: It specifies the source image resource.
dst_x: It specifies the x-coordinate of destination point.
dst_y: It specifies the y-coordinate of destination point.
ṇsrc_x: It specifies the x-coordinate of source point.
src_y: It specifies the y-coordinate of source point.
dst_w: It specifies the destination width.
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dst_h: It specifies the destination height.

src_w: It specifies the source width.
src_h: It specifies the source height.
Example:
imagecopyresampled($d_image,$s_image,0,0,50,50,200,200,$s_widt
h,$s_height);
b) Write syntax to create class and object in PHP. 4M
Ans. A class is defined by using the class keyword, followed by the name
of the class and a pair of curly braces ({}). All its properties and
Correct
methods go inside the curly brackets. syntax for
Syntax : creating
<?php class-2M,
class classname [extends baseclass][implements
interfacename,[interfacename,…]] Object-2M
{ (Example is
[visibility $property [=value];…] optional)
[functionfunctionname(args) { code }…] // method declaration &
definition
}
?>
In the above syntax, terms in squarebrackets are optional.
Object : An object is an instance of class. The data associated with an

object are called its properties. The functions associated with an
object are called its methods. Object of a class is created by using the
new keyword followed by classname.
Syntax : $object = new Classname( );
Example:
<?php
class student
{
public $name;
public $rollno;
function accept($name,$rollno)
{
$this->name=$name;
$this->rollno=$rollno;
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}
}
?>
$s1=new student( );
c) State any four form controls to get user’s input in PHP. 4M
Ans. 1. Textbox control:It is used to enter data. It is a single line input on a
web page.
Tag :<input type=“text”> Any four
form controls
2. Password control:It is used to enter data that appears in the form of 1M each
special characters on a web page inside box. Password box looks
like a text box on a wab page.
Tag:<input type=“password”>
3. Textarea : It is used to display a textbox that allow user to enter
multiple lines of text.
Tag :<textarea> … </textarea>
4. Checkbox:It is used to display multiple options from which user
can select one or more options.
Tag: <input type=“checkbox”>
5. Radio / option button :These are used to display multiple options
from which user can select only one option.
Tag :<input type=“radio”>
6. Select element (list) / Combo box / list box:
<select> … </select> : This tag is used to create a drop-down list
box or scrolling list box from which user can select one or more
options.
<option> … </option> tag is used to insert item in a list.
d) Write steps to create database using PHP 4M
Ans. Steps using PHP Code:Creating database: With CREATE Correct steps
DATABASE query 4M
Step 1: Set variables with values for servername, username,
password.
Step 2: Set connection object by passing servername, username,
password as parameters.
Step 3: Set query object with the query as "CREATE DATABASE
dept";
Step 4: Execute query with connection object.
Code (Optional)-
<?php
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$servername = "localhost";
$username = "root";
$password = "";
$conn = new mysqli($servername, $username, $password);
if ($conn->connect_error)
{
die("Connection failed: " . $conn->connect_error);
}
$sql = "CREATE DATABASE ifdept";
if ($conn->query($sql) === TRUE)
{
echo "Database created successfully";
}
else
{
echo "Error creating database: " . $conn->error;
}
$conn->close ();
?>
OR
Steps using phpMyAdmin

Step 1: Click on Start and select XAMPP from the list. Open Xampp
control panel by clicking on the option from the list. The Control
Panel is now visible and can be used to initiate or halt the working of
any module.
Step2: Click on the "Start" button corresponding
to Apache and MySQL modules. Once it starts working, the user can
see the following screen:
Step 3: Now click on the "Admin" button corresponding to
the MySQL module. This automatically redirects the user to a web
browser to the following address - http://localhost/phpmyadmin
Step 4: Screen with multiple tabs such as Database, SQL, User

Accounts, Export, Import, Settings, etc. Will appear. Click on
the "Database" tab. Give an appropriate name for the Database in the
first textbox and click on create option.
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Step 5 : In the created Database, click on the 'Structure' tab. Towards

the end of the tables list, the user will see a 'Create Table' option.
Give appropriate "Name" and "Number of Columns" for table and
click on 'Go' button.
Step 6 : Give details of columns based on their type. Enter the names
for each column, select the type, and the maximum length allowed for
the input field. Click on "Save" in the bottom right corner. The table
with the initialized columns will be created.

a) Define user defined function with example. 4M
Ans. A function is a named block of code written in a program to perform
some specific tasks. They take information as parameters, execute a
Description
block of statements or perform operations on these parameters and 2M, Example
return the result. A function will be executed by a call to the function. 2M
The function name can be any string that starts with a letter or
underscore followed by zero or more letters, underscores, and digits.
Syntax:
function function_name([parameters if any])
{
Function body / statements to be executed
}
Example:
<?php
function display() // declare and define a function
{
echo "Hello,Welcome to function";
}
display(); // function call
?>
When a function is defined in a script, to execute thefunction,

programmer have to call it with its name and parameters if required.
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b) Write a program for cloning of an object. 4M

Ans. (Any other correct program shall be considered)
Correct
program 4M
<?php
class student
{
function getdata($nm,$rn)
{
$this->name=$nm;
$this->rollno=$rn;
}
function display()
{
echo "<br>name = ".$this->name;
echo "<Br>rollno = ".$this->rollno;
}
}
$s1 = new student();
$s1->getdata("abc",1);
$s1->display();
$s2 = clone $s1;
echo "<br> Cloned object data ";
$s2->display();
?>
c) Write steps to create webpage using GUI components. 4M

Ans. Following are the GUI components to design web page:
 Button - has a textual label and is designed to invoke an action Correct
when pushed. steps-4M
 Checkbox - has textual label that can be toggled on and off.
 Option - is a component that provides a pop-up menu of choices.
 Label - is a component that displays a single line of read-only,
non-selectable text.
 Scrollbar - is a slider to denote a position or a value.
 TextField - is a component that implements a single line of text.
 TextArea - is a component that implements multiple lines of text.
To design web pages in PHP:
Step 1) start with <html>
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Step 2) If user required to add CSS in <head> section.

<head> (any other
<style> relevant steps
.error {color: #FF0000;} to design web
page shall be
</style> considered)
</head>
Step 3) In <body> section design form with all mentioned
components.
Step 4) using <?php
Write script for validation for all required input field.
Save the file with php extension to htdocs (C:/Program
Files/XAMPP/htdocs)
Note: You can also create any folders inside ‘htdocs’ folder and
save our codes over there.
Step 5) Using XAMPP server, start the service ‘Apache’.
Step 6)Now to run your code, open localhost/abc.php on any web
browser then it gets executed.
d) Explain queries to update and delete data in the database. 4M
Ans. Update data : UPDATE query
Update command is used to change / update new value for field in Explanation
row of table. It updates the value in row that satisfy the criteria given of Update
query 2M
in query.
The UPDATE query syntax:

UPDATE Table_name SET field_name=New_value WHERE
field_name=existing_value
Example :
UPDATE student SET rollno=4 WHERE name='abc'
In the above query, a value from rollno field from student table is
updated with new value as 4 if its name field contains name as ‘abc’.
Delete data: DELETE query Explanation

Delete command is used to delete rows that are no longer required of
from the database tables. It deletes the whole row from the table. Delete query
The DELETE query syntax: 2M
DELETE FROM table_name WHERE some_column =
some_value
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[WHERE condition] is optional. The WHERE clause specifies which

record or records that should be deleted. If the WHERE clause is not
used, all records will be deleted.
Example :-
$sql = "DELETE FROM student WHERE rollno=2";
In the above query, a row from student table is deleted if rollno field
contains 2 in that row.
e) Describe the syntax of if-else control statement with example in 4M
PHP.
Ans. if-else control statement is used to check whether the
Description
condition/expression is true or false. Ifthe expression / condition of if-else
evaluates to true then true block code associated with the if statement control
is executed otherwise if it evaluates to false then false block of code statement
associated with else is executed. 2M,
Syntax:
Syntax1M,
if (expression/condition)
{ Example1M
True code block;
}
else
{
False code block;
}
Example:
<?php
$a=30;
if ($a<20)
echo "variable value a is less than 20";
else
echo "variable value a is greater than 20";
?>
In the above example, variable a holds value as 30. Condition checks
whether the value of a is less than 20. It evaluates to false so the
output displays the text as ‘variable value a is greater than 20’.
5. Attempt any TWO of the following: 12
a) Write a PHP program to display numbers from 1-10 in a 6M
sequence using for loop.
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Ans. PHP Code-

<?php For loop
syntax 2M
echo "Output<br>";
for($i=1;$i<=10;$i++) Correct
{ syntax 2M
echo "$i<br/>";
} Correct logic
2M
?>
Output
(Output is
1
optional)
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
b) Write a program to connect PHP with MYSQL. 6M
Ans. Solution1:
<?php
$servername = "localhost"; Correct
$username = "root"; syntax 2M
$password = "";
// Connection Correct code
$conn = new mysqli($servername,$username, $password); 4M
// For checking if connection issuccessful or not
if ($conn->connect_error)
{
die("Connection failed: ". $conn->connect_error);
}
Writing
echo "Connected successfully"; Output is
?> optional
Output:
Connected successfully
OR
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Solution2:
Create login.php
<?php
$hostname = 'localhost';
$username = 'root';
$password = '';
?>
Create db2.php file

<?php
require_once 'login.php';
$conn = new mysqli($hostname, $username, $password);
//if ($conn->connect_error) die($conn->connect_error);
if ($conn->connect_error) {
die("Connection failed: "
. $conn->connect_error);
}
echo "Connected successfully";
?>
Output:
Connected successfully
c) Illustrate class inheritance in PHP with example. 6M

Ans.  Inheritance is a mechanism of extending an existing class where
a newly created or derived class have all functionalities of
Definition /
existing class along with its own properties and methods. Explanation
 The parent class is also called a base class or super class. And the and
child class is also known as a derived class or a subclass. Types of
 Inheritance allows a class to reuse the code from another class Inheritance-
2M
without duplicating it.
 Reusing existing codes serves various advantages. It saves time, Any Correct
cost, effort, and increases a program’s reliability. Program /
 To define a class inherits from another class, you use the extends example- 4M
keyword.
 Types of Inheritance:
Single Inheritance
Multilevel Inheritance
Multiple Inheritance
Hierarchical Inheritance
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Example:
(Any type of inheritance example shall be considered)
<?php
class student {
var $var = "This is first var";
protected $fist_name;
protected $last_name;
// simple class method

function returnVar() {
echo $this->fist_name;
}
function set_fist_name($fname,$lname){
$this->fist_name = $fname;
$this->last_name = $lname;
}
}
class result extends student {
public $percentage;
function set_Percentage($p){
$this->percentage = $p;
}
function getVal(){
echo "Name:$this->fist_name $this->last_name";
echo "<br/>";
echo "Result: $this->percentage %";
}
}
$res1 = new result();
$res1->set_fist_name("Rita","Patel");
$res1->set_Percentage(95);
$res1->getVal();
?>
Output:
Name:Rita Patel
Result: 95 %
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6. Attempt any TWO of the following: 12

a) Write a PHP program to set and modify cookies. 6M
Ans. PHP program to set cookies
<html> Correct Code
to set cookie -
<body> 3M
<?php
$cookie_name = "username";
$cookie_value = "abc";
setcookie($cookie_name, $cookie_value, time() +
(86400 * 30), "/"); // 86400 = 1 day
if(!isset($_COOKIE[$cookie_name])) { Correct Code
echo "Cookie name '" . $cookie_name . "' is not to modify
set!"; cookies- 3M
} else {
echo "Cookie '" . $cookie_name . "' is set!<br>";
echo "Value is: " . $_COOKIE[$cookie_name];
}
?>
</body>
</html>
Output:
Cookie 'username' is set!
Value is: abc
PHP program to modify cookies
<?php
setcookie("user", "xyz");
?>
<html>
<body>
<?php
if(!isset($_COOKIE["user"]))
{
echo "Sorry, cookie is not found!";
} else {
echo "<br/>Cookie Value: " .
$_COOKIE["user"];
}
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?>
</body>
</html>
Output:
Cookie Value: xyz
b) Write a PHP program to 6M
i) Calculate length of string Program to
ii) Count number of words in string calculate
length of
Ans.
i) Calculate length of string string 3M
<?php
$str = 'Have a nice day ahead!';
echo "Input String is:".$str;
echo "<br>";
echo "Length of String str:".strlen($str);
// output =12 [including whitespace]
?>
ii) Count number of words in string Program to

count
Solution1- number of
<?php words in
// PHP program to count number of string 3M
// words in a string
$str = " This is a string ";
// Using str_word_count() function to count number of words in a

string
$len = str_word_count($str);
// Printing the result

echo "Number of words in string : $len";
?>
Output:
Number of words in string : 4
OR
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Solution 2:
<?php
// PHP program to count number of
// words in a string
$string = " This is a string ";
$str = trim($string);
while (substr_count($str, " ") > 0) {
$str = str_replace(" ", " ", $str);
}
$len = substr_count($str, " ")+1;
// Printing the result
echo "Number of words in string: $len";
?>
Output:
Number of words in string: 4
c) i) State the use of serialization. 6M
ii) State the query to insert data in the database.
Ans. i) Use of serialization. Serialization
Serializing an object means converting it to a bytestream explanation
representation that can be stored in a file. Serialization in PHP is with
mostly automatic, it requires little extra work from you, beyond example- 3M
calling the serialize () and unserialize( ) functions.
Serialize() :
 The serialize() converts a storable representation of a value.
 The serialize() function accepts a single parameter which is the
data we want to serialize and returns a serialized string.
 A serialize data means a sequence of bits so that it can be stored
in a file, a memory buffer or transmittedacross a network
connection link. It is useful for storing or passing PHP values
around without losing their type and structure.
Example:
<?php
$s_data= serialize(array('Welcome', 'to', 'PHP'));
print_r($s_data . "<br>");
$us_data=unserialize($s_data);
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print_r($us_data);
?>
Output:a:3:{i:0;s:7:"Welcome";i:1;s:2:"to";i:2;s:3:"PHP";} Correct
Array ( [0] => Welcome [1] => to [2] => PHP ) example of
insert query-
3M
ii) Query to insert data in the database
<?php
require_once 'login.php';
$conn = newmysqli($hostname,$username, $password,$dbname);
$query = "INSERT INTO studentinfo(rollno,name,percentage)
VALUES
('CO103','Yogita Khandagale',98.45)";
$result = $conn->query($query);
if (!$result)
die ("Database access failed: " . $conn->error);
else
echo "record inserted successfully";
?>
Output:
record inserted successfully
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lOMoARcPSD|38644187

WBP 22619 diplomachakhazana Model Answer W-2022

Computer science (Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Institute of Technology, Vasad)

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MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

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Important Instructions to examiners:

Q. Sub Answer Marking

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g) State role of GET and POST methods 2M

for ($a = 0; $a < 10; $a++)

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Example:-initialize an array elements and display the same

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Here array() function is used to create associative array.

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ii)Get Session variables

Example:- program to get the session variable

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imagecopyresampled() function : It is used to copy a rectangular

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dst_h: It specifies the destination height.

Object : An object is an instance of class. The data associated with an

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Steps using phpMyAdmin

Step 4: Screen with multiple tabs such as Database, SQL, User

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Step 5 : In the created Database, click on the 'Structure' tab. Towards

4. Attempt any THREE of the following: 12

When a function is defined in a script, to execute thefunction,

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