Society of Petroleum Engineers

SPE 25338

Development of New' Modified Black Oil Correlations

for Malaysian Crudes
M.1. Omar, Petronas (PRI), and A.C. Todd, * Heriot-Watt U.
*8PE Member

Copyright 1993, Society of Petroleum Engineers, Inc.

This paper was prepared for presentation at the SPE Asia Pacific Oil & Gas Conference & Exhibition held in Singapore, 8-10 February 1993.

This paper was selected for presentation by an SPE Program Comminee foliowing review of information contained in an abstract sub"'!ined by the author(s). Contents of the paper,
as presented, have not been reviewed by the Society of Petroleum Engineers and are subject to correction by the author(s). The matenal, ~s presented~ does not necessanly reflect
any position of the Society of Petroleum Engineers, its officers, or members. Papers presented at SPE me~tmgs are subject t~ publication review by EdltOrt~1 Comm~ttees of the Society
of Petroleum Engineers. Permission to copy is restricted to an abstract of not more than 300 words. illustrations may not be copied. The abstract should contam conspicuous acknowledg~
ment of where and by whom the paper is presented. Write Librarian, SPE, P.O. Box 833836, Richardson, TX 75083-3836, U.S.A. Telex, 163245 SPEUT.

The results show that the new correlations give better

ABSTRACT accuracy in estimating reservoir fluid properties of
Malaysian crudes than other known correlations available
In reservoir engineering calculations, reservoir fluid in the literature. The new correlations give low values of
property data are one of the important input data sets. These absolute average percent relative error, standard deviation
data can be obtained either by conducting a laboratory study with correlation coefficient values close to an ideal value
on reservoir fluids or estimated from empirical correlations. of 1.0.
Although laboratory results give better accuracy where
controlled reservoir conditions can be imposed, the results
are heavily dependent on the validity of the reservoir fluid
samples, especially when the reservoir has depleted below INTRODUCTION
the bubble point pressure. In situation where the
experimental data cannot be obtained or there is a need to The pressure-volume-temperature (PVT) data are used
cross check the laboratory results, empirically derived PVT extensively in the calculation of reserves, material balance
correlations can be used to estimate the physical reservoir calculations and design of the surface operation facilities.
fluid properties. Since no black oil correlations have been These data can be obtained either by conducting a
developed for Malaysian crudes and none of the existing laboratory study on reservoir fluid samples or estimated
correlations give good estimates of fluid property for using empirically derived PVT correlations. Although
Malaysian crudes, this paper describes the development of laboratory results give better accuracy where a controlled
suitable black oil correlations which give results more conditions are imposed, the results heavily dependent on
accurate than any correlations available in the literature. the validity of the reservoir fluid samples, especially when
the reservoir has depleted below the bubble point pressure
A total of 93 PVT data taken from various Malaysian [I]. In situation where the experimental data are not
offshore oil-fields was used in the study. The PVT data available, empirically derived correlations are used to
consist of oil gravity range from 26.6 •API to 53.2 •API and estimate the physical reservoir fluid properties.
bubble point pressures of790 psig to 3851 psig. The crudes
are essentially free of hydrogen sulphide with low nitrogen The most commonly used black oil correlations for the
content (maximum of 1.15 per cent). determination of bubble point pressure, solution gas oil
ratio and bubble point oil formation volume factor are
Using both non linear and linear regression analyses, new those of Standing [2,3,4]. Since the correlating factors for
black oil correlations (of bubble point pressure and bubble these correlations are obtained empirically, it is difficult to
point oil formation volume factor) were established for state the accuracy to be expected when these correlations
Malaysian crudes. These new correlations were developed are applied to crude oil systems which are widely different
based on Standing's existing equations. The most sensitive in physical and chemical properties than those for which
coefficient in the Standing correlations was determined and the correlations are developed. Hence a bias factor is
expressed as a linear function of other independent variable introduced in the results when such correlations are
PVT parameters. The accuracy ofthe new correlations was applied to crude oils of geographical regions other than
determined by conducting statistical and graphical error those for which these correlations have been developed.
analysis. This has been shown by many investigators [5,6,7,8,9]

211
 2 DEVELOPMENT OF NEW MODIFIED BLACK OIL CORRELATIONS FOR MALAYSIAN CRUDES SPE025338

who compared Standing's correlations to crudes of and graphical) and by perfonning comparative study with
different PVT properties than Californian crudes for other known black oil correlations. The statistical equations
which the correlations were developed. used in this study are presented in the Appendix.

So far, no work has been done in developing suitable Bubble point pressure. In the Standing bubble point
black oil correlations of Malaysian crudes. A recent pressure correlation, there are five coefficients present in the
study showed that none of the known correlations gave a equation. For each data set, using a non linear regression
good estimation of bubble point pressure, solution gas oil analysis, each of the coefficients in the correlation was
ratio, and bubble point oil viscosity for Malaysian crudes. regressed at a time. From the analysis, a new best fit
Most of the correlations estimated these properties with coefficient value was obtained for each data set. Using the
greater than 10.0 per cent of absolute average percent best fit coefficient value, the bubble point pressure was
relative error (AAPRE) which exceeded the accuracy of calculated and compared with experimental data. It was
engineering limits. found that all the original coefficients in Standing's
correlation when undergoing a non linear regression could
The purpose of conducting the present study therefore is give the calculated bubble point pressure similar to the
to develop improved black oil correlations for evaluation experimental data.
of the important PVT parameters with respect to the oil
and gas systems encountered in the Malaysian oil-fields. However, the best fit coefficient value obtained from the
The research is directed to developing suitable black oil replacement of the original coefficient value of 0.83 in the
correlations which give more accurate results than any Standing correlation gave minimum variation and can be
other correlations available in the literature. expressed as a linear function of two independent variables
(bubble point oil formation volume factor and gas gravity).
A linear regression analysis was carried out to detennine the
MALAYSIAN PVT DATA best fit coefficient values between the dependent variable
(the best fit coefficient values determined from a non linear
Thirty eight Malaysian oil-fields situated at the South regression analysis, replacing the original coefficient value
China Sea, offshore Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah and of 0.8:3 in Standing's correlation) and independent variables
Sarawak were selected for this study. These fields were of bubble point oil formation volume factor and gas gravity.
selected because: I. They produce crudes of black oil in The expression of the new bubble point pressure equation
nature 2. The availability of complete PVT reports that for Malaysian crude is:
are necessary for the evaluation and development of the
black oil correlations. From these oil-fields, a total of 93 Ph = 18.20[({;-rAntilog {0.00091TrO.0125'YAPI} -1.40] ....... (1)
PVT data sets was obtained and used in the study. Forty
three samples were obtained from bottom hole or Where
subsurface sampling method and another 50 samples (53.8
per cent) were taken from recombined separator sampling
technique. The range of PVT data used in the study is
shown in Table 1.

Malaysian crudes are essentially free of hydrogen sulphide AI = 1.4256 A z =-0.2608

. However, the amount of nitrogen content present in the
crude varies from 0.0 to U5 mol per cent. Table 2 A 3 =-0.4596 A 4 = 0.04481
provides the range ofPVT data used in this study.
A 5 = 0.2360

CORRELATIONS DEVELOPMENT

The new black oil correlations were based on Standing's

bubble point pressure and bubble point oil formation
volume factor correlations. Based on these correlations, Bubble point oil formation volume factor. The procedure
using a non linear regression analysis, the best fit and most used in developing the new bubble point oil formation
sensitive coefficient was detennined. Instead of volume factor correlation was the same as for developing
expressing this coefficient as one value ( as in the original the new bubble point pressure correlation. Based on the
equation), the coefficient was expressed as a linear Standing oil formation volume factor correlation, each of
function of independent variable PVT parameters. the original coefficients in the equation was regressed non
linearly at a time. The most sensitive and best fit coefficient
The accuracy of the new improved black oil correlations value that could give the calculated bubble point oil
was studied by conducting an error analysis (statistical formation volume factor equal to experimental data and can

212
 SPE025338 MOHD I. OMAR, ADRIAN C. TODD 3

be expressed as a linear function of independent variable

PVT parameters was determined. In the new correlation, a new independent variable PVT
parameter of bubble point oil fonnation volume factor is
From the study, it was found that the original coefficient introduced into the equation. The value of bubble point
value of 1.20 in the Standing equation can be correlated oil fonnation volume factor can either be obtained
with independent variables of stock tank oil gravity and experimentally or estimated from correlations. The above
specific gas gravity. The new bubble point oil fonnation bubble point pressure study was based on bubble point oil
volume factor correlation for Malaysian crudes is: formation volume factor obtained from experimental
values. Table 4 shows the statistical error analysis results

Bob =0.972+0.000147 R s 1.)°·50 +1.25Tf JX

[ (r: (2)
of calculated bubble point pressure where the bubble point
oil fonnation volume factor used in the equation is
estimated from the new bubble pOint oil fonnation volume
factor correlation (Equation 2). The statistical analysis
Where results show no significant differences between the two
values of calculated bubble point pressure. Using an
estimated bubble point oil formation volume factor
(obtained from Equation 2), the calculated bubble point
pressure produced an AAPRE of 7.29 per cent with 9.70
Al = 1.1663 per cent standard deviation. In the absence of
A2 = 0.762£ - 3 experimental bubble point oil fonnation volume factor,
A 3 = -0.03990 this value can be estimated from Equation 2 and used to
calculate bubble point pressure without losing the
accuracy.

ERROR ANALYSIS
Bubble point oil formation volume factor. The statistical
Bubble point pressure. Table 3 shows the statistical error error analysis results ofthe new bubble point oil formation
analysis results of the new bubble point pressure volume factor correlation as compared with other known
correlations as compared with other known bubble point correlations are shown in Table 5. The new correlation
pressure correlations. The new bubble point pressure gives a better accuracy in estimating bubble point oil
correlation gives low values of absolute average percent formation volume factor for Malaysian crudes. Amongst
relative error (AAPRE) and standard deviation of 7.17 per the correlations, the new correlation gives the lowest
cent and 9.54 per cent respectively. A lower value of values of AAPRE, standard deviation, and Maximum
AAPRE indicates a better accuracy of the correlation. The AAPRE of 1.44 per cent, 1.88 per cent and 5.76 per cent
correlation coefficient of the new correlation is almost equal respectively. The correlation coefficient is 0.99 which is
to 1.0 (0.95). This shows that a good agreement exists close to an ideal value of 1.0. This shows that the new
between experimental and calculated bubble point pressure. bubble point oil fonnation volume factor correlation
In comparison with other known correlations, the new correlates better with experimental data than any other
correlation gives lowest AAPRE, standard deviation, correlations.
correlation coefficient and maximum AAPRE. This shows
that the new correlation predicts better bubble point In the graphical error analysis, the crossplot of
pressure for Malaysian crudes than any other known experimental and estimated bubble point oil formation
correlations. The finding is in agreement with other works volume factor shows that most of the data points fall along
which showed that correlation developed from a specific the perfect correlation of 45° line (Figure 3). This is
region gives better prediction of reservoir fluid properties reflected with good r (coefficient of determination) value
for the region of the same. of 0.98. The residual plot of the bubble point oil
formation volume factor obtained from the new
The crossplot of the experimental against the calculated correlation is shown in Figure 4. All the data points
bubble point pressure using the new correlation is presented (except I data point) lie between ± 0.1 residual line. A
in Figure I. Most of the data points of the new correlation small residual value indicates a better accuracy of the new
fall very close to the perfect correlation of 45° line except correlation in estimating bubble point oil formation
for a few data points especially in the higher bubble point volume factor for Malaysian crudes.
pressure values (greater than 3000 psia). A graphical plot of
the residual (the difference between experimental and
calculated bubble point pressure) and experimental bubble
point pressure (shown in Figure 2) demonstrated a uniform
distribution of errors with most of the data points fall within
± 500 psia residual line.

213
 4 DEVELOPMENT OF NEW MODIFIED BLACK OIL CORRELAnONS FOR MALAYSIAN CRUDES SPE025338

CONCWSION AAPRE = absolute average percent relative error

max. = maximum
1. New black oil correlations were obtained for min. = minimum
Malaysian crudes. These correlations were
developed based on Standing's correlations. REFERENCES
2. The new correlations gave better accuracy in
estimating PVT properties of Malaysian crudes as 1. Philip, L.M. : "Engineering Applications of Phase
compared with other known correlations Behaviour of Crude Oil and Condensate Systems",
.available in the literature.
JPT, (July 1986), 715-723
3. By expressing one of the coefficient values in the 2. McCain, WoDJro : "Reservoir Fluid Property
Standing correlations as a linear function of PVT
Correlations - State of the Art", SPE Reservoir
parameters, the accuracy of the correlation in
estimating PVT properties of Malaysian crudes Engineering, (May 1991)
was greatly improved. 3. Standing, M.B. : "Oil System Correlations",
4. In the new bubble point pressure correlation, a Production Hand Book, edited by Frick, T.C. et. al.,
PVT parameter of bubble point oil formation SPE of AIME, Dallas, Texas, (1960)
volume factor is introduced into the equation. Oil 4. Standing, M.B. : "Volumetric and Phase Behaviour
API gravity was added into the equation of the of Oil-Field Hydrocarbon Systems", SPE of AIME,
new bubble point oil formation volume factor Dallas, Texas, (1977)
correlation. 5. Glaso, O. "Generalised Pressure-Volume-
Temperature Correlation", JPT, (May 1980),
785-795
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 6. Mahmoud, E.D., Mohammed, E.O. : "Correlations
of PVT properties for UAE Crudes", SPE
The management of Petroleum Research and Scientific Fonnation Evaluation, (March 1992), 41-46
Services Sdn. Bhd. is gratefully acknowledged for 7. Marhoun, MoA.A. : "PVT Correlations for Middle
permission to publish this work. East Crude Oils", JPT, (May 1980),650-666
8. Soheil, A., McLauchlin, L., Wong, Do, and
Cheung, V. "Pressure-Volume-Temperature
NOMENCLATURE Correlations for Western Canadian Gases and
Oils", JCPT, (July-August 1989), Vo1.28, 103-117
9. Vasquez, M., and Beggs H.D. : "Correlation for
Fluid Physical Property Prediction", JPT, (June
Bob = bubble point oil formation volume factor, bbVSTB 1980),968-70
E= error
10. Ott, L. : "An Introduction to Statistical Methods
E i = percent relative error and Data Analysis", Third Edition, PWS-Kent
n= number of independent variables Publishing Co., (1988)
nd = number of data points 11. Ehrenberg, A.S.C. : "Data Reduction-Analysing
P b = bubble point pressure, psia and Interpretating Statistical Data", John Wiley and
r = correlation coefficient Sons, (1975)
r2 = coefficient of determination 12. Murray, R.S. : "Schaums's Outline Series - Theory
R s = solution gas oil ratio, scf/STB
and Problems of Statistics", Second Edition,
S = standard deviation, OR
McGraw-Hill Publishing Company, (1990)
Tf = reservoir temperature, OF
i = average value of xexp
xexp = experimental PVT parameter
Xesl = estimated PVT parameter

~
YAPl= oil density, °API
Yg = specific gas gravity (air=I)
Yo = oil gravity

Abbreviations

214
 SPE02S338 MOHD I. OMAR, ADRIAN C. TODD

higher accuracy. The value of standard deviation is

APPENDIX usually expressed in per cent.

Statistical error analysis Correlation coefficient and coefficient of detennination

There are four main statistical parameters that are being The purpose of perfonning correlation coefficient is to
considered in this study. These parameters help to evaluate describe the strength of the association between two
the accuracy of the predicted fluid properties obtained from variables namely experimental and calculated values
the black oil correlations. obtained from the correlation [10,11.12]. The value of
correlation coefficient varies from -1.0 to + 1.0. A
Absolute avenw percent relative error (AAPRE). This coefficient of zero indicates no relationship between
parameter is to measure the average value of the absolute experimental and calculated values. A + 1.0 coefficient
relative deviation of the measured value from the indicates a perfect positive relationship and -1.0
experimental data. The value of AAPRE is expressed in per coefficient indicates a perfect negative relationship. The
cent. The parameter can be defined as: correlation coefficient can be calculated using the
following equation [10.11,12]:
E a = n; n. IE; I
\ :Ei=\ ..............(Al)

Where E; is defined as the relative deviation of the ..............(A6)

estimated value from an experimental data and can be
expressed as:
Where
(x..-xoxp) ] xis the average value of the experimental PVT parameter,
E i =[ Xoxp xlOO i= 1.2•......nd ..............(A2)
i
which can be calculated using the following equation:
A lower value of AAPRE indicates better agreement
between the estimated and experimental values. ..............(A7)

Maximum and minimum of absolute percent relative error. The square value of correlation coefficient is known as
The range of error produced by the correlation is determined coefficient of detennination. The coefficient of
by scanning the values of absolute percent relative error. detennination is defined as the proportion of the validity
where the highest.and the lowest values are identified. The in the dependent variable (predicted) that is encountered
equations of these values are given below: for by the independent variable (experimental).

..............(A3)

and

..............(A4)

The accuracy of the correlation can be examined by the

value of maximum absolute percent relative error. A higher
Table I: Range ofPVT data used in this study
accuracy is achieved when the maximum value is small.

Bubble point pressure, psiS 790-3851

Standard deviation. The standard deviation of the estimated
Reservoir temperature, of 125.0-280.0
(obtained from the correlation) relative to the experimental 142-1440
Solution gas oil ratio. scf/STB
values can be calculated using the following equation Stock taDIc oil gravity, °API 26.6-53.2
[7.10]: Gas aravity (air-I) 0.612-1.315
Separator temperature, OF 70.0-160.0
Separator pressure. psig 75-500
..............(A5) Bubble point oil FVF. bbl!STB 1,085" 1.95~
Bubble JX'int oil viscosity. cp 0.1~6·2J23
NOD bydrocarbou gases, mol per cenl
Nitrogen 0.00·1.15
Where Carbon Dioxide 0.00-350
nd - n - I is the degree of freedom in multiple regression HYdl'oaen Sulphide traces
analysis.

The accuracy of the correlation is determined by the value

of the standard deviation, where small value indicates

215
6 DEVELOPMENT OF NEW MODIFIED BLACK OIL CORRELAnONS FOR MALAYSIAN CRUDES SPE 025338

Table 2: Malaysian PYT data used in this study

Bubble point Bubble point Bubble point Solution Gas gravity Oil gravity Reservoir
pressure, asia oil FVF. bb~TB oil viscosity. CD GOR., scflSTB API tcnoeratute. F
2193 1.42.5 0.459 634 0.717 "503 214
2402 1.619 0.627 844 0.919 40.7 242
2194 1.438 0.376 664 0.7SO 42.9 214
1562 1.261 0.693 463 1.281 38.9 196
1225 1.176 0.806 267 1.263 38.0 211
1660 1.221 1.6SO 421 1.298 37.1 203
1530 1.240 1.210 355 1.228 35.0 209
1760 1.222 1.650 372 1.195 31.0 211
1225 1.170 0.806 260 1.168 38.0 211
1700 1.232 0.860 364 1.028 36.6 206
1370 1.192 0.785 313 1.174 38.2 20S
1593 1.268 0.650 421 1.181 39.8 203
1982 1.246 0.802 415 1.1<40 36.1 224
14SO 1.214 1,S4() 359 1.250 35.4 208
1570 1.241 0.980 366 1.315 39.0 UJ7
17SO 1.500 0.336 714 0.820 48.7 189
1810 1.423 00316 606 0.770 SO.5 189
1658 1.212 0.580 368 0.865 41.4 186
2632 1.578 0.2.55 ssa 0.730 49.3 228
1755 1.480 00339 694 0.790 49.5 190
1728 1.259 0.481 397 0.941 41.8 215
2058 1.SUJ 0.159 76.5 0.939 48.8 205
2221 1.362 0.310 .547 0.693 45.3 238
2274 1.451 0.327 S46 0.689 4.5.2 245
2081 1.315 00356 494 0.677 44.5 230
1220 1.173 0.930 U,7 0.884 31.4 174
2390 1.538 0.736 956 0.811 43.2 226
1302 1.170 1.243 242 0.824 31." 180
1085 1.128 1.931 169 0.638 29.1 187
1271 1.139 1.814 198 0.775 29.2 187
1195 1.1.52 1.157 214 0.664 31.9 180
2562 1.491 0.383 741 0.795 42.0 234
790 1.168 0.940 274 1.005 39.8 ISO
1530 1.334 0.493 S66 0.&17 4.5.2 185
1510 1.36.5 0.438 522 0.730 47.8 189
1741 1.409 0.3.57 S63 0.759 48.4 217
2111 1.471 0.146 692 0.740 .53.2 220
1758 1.442 0.212 628 0.762 48.4 199
1769 1.401 0.365 585 0.765 49.1 204
1805 1.424 0.351 .599 0.767 48.1 204
1414 1.249 0.590 425 1.155 41.0 185
2.540 1.712 0.236 1020 0.730 SO.4 239
1790 1.496 0.212 686 0.800 47.1 224
1620 1.26.5 0.416 404 0.847 42.9 188
216.5 1.517 0.244 856 0.916 46.6 211
15SO 1.884 0.225 1170 0.858 48.9 231
2360 1.716 0.172 993 1.014 48.4 267

216
SPE025338 MOHO I. OMAR, ADRIAN C. TODD 7

Table 2: Malaysian PVT data used in this study

Bubble point Bubble point Bubble point Solution Gas gravity Oil gravity Reservoir
pressure. Dsia oil FVF. bblt.iTIi oil viscosity. CD GOR. sc:fiSTIi APt t.emoerallll'e. F
2020 1.321 0.606 491 1.051 39.2 211
2145 1.697 0.246 1022 1.045 47.9 216
2090 1.680 0.250 1011 1.050 48.2 210
2822 1.695 0.238 1006 0.876 46.8 280
2290 1.653 0.724 990 0.801 43.1 208
2500 1.843 0.197 1355 0.877 48.8 228
3148 1.954 0.212 1440 0.788 50.3 250
952 1.092 2.323 142 0.667 26.9 146
2368 1.282 0.481 440 0.756 32..5 235
2310 1.345 0.380 636 0.801 38.3 161
2408 1.384 0.380 683 0.821 38.6 ]66
3449 ].503 0.407 899 0." 39.3 195
3440 1.455 0.345 863 0.764 37.4 192
1910 1.238 0.990 384 0.733 32.6 152
2168 1.297 0.417 S44 0.789 37.1 164
2480 1.357 0.360 686 0.737 38.2 171
2350 1.352 0.380 680 0.818 37.0 169
1744 1.325 0.351 524 0.727 40.5 190
3142 1.4&4 0.372 761 0.723 33.3 247
2970 1.445 0.227 737 0.707 34.6 239
1951 I.:no 0.527 367 0.627 37.5 173
2616 1.371 0.386 667 0.842 37.7 177
1818 1.153 1.150 285 0.704 26.6 152
2611 1.525 0.340 810 0.789 39.6 225
J058 1.130 0.890 220 0.790 32.3 127
3387 1.sos 0.338 919 0.673 41.4 194
1492 1.201 0.710 34] 0.716 37.4 159
935 1.085 1.460 150 0.612 31.9 125
3780 1.581 0.380 1023 0.651 40.2 209
3063 1.301 0.483 577 0.737 31.2 180
2423 1.399 0.294 713 0.765 40.0 169
2360 1.399 0.325 694 0.765 40.0 167
1838 1.208 0.810 366 0.664 34.8 153
2106 1.194 1.250 344 0.648 28.9 161
1390 1.154 0.880 287 0.718 33.4 141
2470 1.429 0.430 760 0.758 40.0 166
2692 1.230 0.530 393 0.631 38.6 179
3420 1.683 0.330 1212 0.685 42.3 194
3160 1.707 0.350 1213 0.705 45.4 186
1765 1.184 0.600 345 0.695 34.0 lSI
1780 1.362 0.470 .509 0.853 37.8 20S
3063 1.287 0.448 586 0.628 32.2 180
2fi1} 1.622 0.350 1019 1.038 40.4 198
2344 1.429 0.460 791 0.743 40.4 184
1698 1.408 0.460 646 0.964 40.0 193
3851 1.466 0.371 819 0.663 34.1 243

217
8 DEVELOPMENT OF NEW MODIFIED BLACK OIL CORRELAnONS FOR MALAYSIAN CRUDES SPE 025338

Table 3: Statistical error analysis of the new bubble point pressure correlation as comp d . h h
correlations using Malaysian PVT data. are WIt ot er known

This Sludy SWldins Gu Vaspz Marholm L.asara-

AAPRE.% 7.17 12.04 20.73 12.29 25.09 15.57
Standard Deviation.% 9.54 16.05 26.34 16.06 30.10 20.09
Coefficient 0.91 0.85 0.66 0.85 0.68 0.81
of Determination
Correlation 0.95 0.92 0.81 0.92 0.82 0.90
Coefficient
Ma.,. AAPRE. % 30.22 39.96 72.65 38.19 60.25 47.23
Min. AAPRE. % 0.02 0.08 0.18 0.25 0.10 0.06

Table 4: Statistical error analysis of the new bubble point pressure correlation using Malaysian PVT data where the
bubble point oil FVF is estimated from the new correlation (equation 2).

This study
AAPRE.% 7.29
Standard Deviation. % 9.70
Coefficient 0.90
of Detmnination
Correlation 0.95
Coefficient
Max. AAPRE. % 30.49
Min. AAPRE. % 0.04

Table 5: Statistical error analysis of the new bubble point oil FVF correlation as compared with other known
correlations using Malaysian PVT data.

This SlIIdy SlOIIldin, Glaso ValIIJICZ MarIIlua AIIned

AAPRE.'l 1.44 2.35 2.99 2.38 2.43 2.00
SWIdard DevWion.'l 1.88 3.11 3.65 3.34 3.23 2.54
Coeffic:icm 0.98 0.94 0.91 0.88 0.92 0.96
of DelmniIwion
Correlation 0.99 0.97 0.95 0.9~ 0.96 0.98
Coefficient
Max. AAPRE. % 5.76 9.60 9.48 12.26 9.08 8.40
Min. AAPRE, ,. 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.11 0.11 0.03

218
 SPE02S338 MOHD I. OMAR, ADRIAN C. TODD 9

SC(X) 1000 , - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .
III
.!3
So
400>
~ 500 13
::l E1
l '"
C 3000 '".;
c.. dJ 13
a
1 -a,. a

... • •
.!I! :9
l1
,. 2000
'" I-
..
'8
"3 1000
-500 iii II

~
·1000
a 1000 2000 3000 ':000
Expcrim('nwI but-ble point pn:s.sur~. pSIJ
Experimental bubble point pressure. psia

Figure 1: Crossplot of bubble poiot pressure (this study's conelatioo) Figure 2: Residual plots ofbubble poiot pressure (this study's conelatioo)
based 00 Malaysiao PVT data. based 00 Malaysian PVT data.

0,3
2.0

...!:!u:
~
1.8
0.2
13

it !:! 0.1
'S
C
1.6 ..
~
"Q
0.0 - .Jl. _
..
a~~ •
.' ...
"
...- .-"l1;li Iil~
• • dfI
IIP-- .
11111 ~
...
13

'8-
.. ~ •
£
~
1.4
..
'o::l
'W; ~.1

~ 1.2
'" ~,2
~ ,.
<>
-a
u ~.3
1.0 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0
1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0
Experimental bubble point oil FVF. bbVSTB
Experimental bubble point oil FVf, bbVSTB

Figure 4: Residual plots ofbubble poiot oil FYF (this study's conelatioo)
Figure 3: Crossplot ofbubble point oil FYF(this study's conelatioo)
based on Malaysian PVT data. based 00 Malaysian PVT data.

219