ARTS HISTORICAL

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 PREHISTORIC ART ( CAVE
ART OR PARIETAL ART)

• refers to all artwork produced by

ancient men before any
preconceived culture and known
methods of writing.

This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-SA.

 CAVE ART
• is the painting or drawing of
figures called petrographs or
petroglyphs to portray a story or to
record known history. The term is used
mostly in connection with Stone Age
Art created during the last Ice Age,
between about 40,000 and 10,000 BCE
a period known as the “upper
Paleolithic”. It is generally believed that
this was created by the Modern Man (
Homo Sapiens Sapiens ).
CAVE PAINTING OR
PETROGRAPHS
• involves the application of pigment on the walls, floors or ceilings of
ancient rock dwellings inhabited by prehistoric men.
• Most of the prehistoric cave paintings were figures of animals like
bison and reindeer, horses and tracing of human hands. Human figure
were rarely shown and were usually highly stylized and far less
naturalistic than the animal figures.
• An example of this are the cave paintings which were found in 1870
at Altimira, Spain by Don Marcelino and his daughter. These paintings
are sometimes called “The Sistine Chapel of Paleolithic Art”
THE SISTINE CHAPEL OF
PALEOLITHIC ART
CAVE DRAWING OR PETROGLYPHS

• refers to an engraved drawing that is etched or done by cutting

lines on the rock surface with a sharp object probably a stone
tool.
AS OF THIS TIME THERE IS NO CLEAR IDEA WHEN
CAVE PAINTING FIRST BEGAN.
 PALEOLITHIC PERIOD (OLD STONE
AGE)
• primitive cave artworks
were created with the use
of primitive tools by
primitive men.
NEOLITHIC PERIOD (NEW STONE
AGE)
• man began to develop culture and change his lifestyle.
• The naturalistic art style of hunter gatherer of the Paleolithic had
been replaced by geometrically abstract art of Neolithic.
 THE ROMAN ART ( 500 B.C. TO
1453 A.D. )
• Roman art began around 500 B.C. and ended at the fall of Rome in 1453 A.D.
medieval art covers the production of art and artists in North Africa, Europe
and the Middle East.
•Roman art was developed largely because of the Roman empire, During the time
of Romulus to Emperor Constantine.
•Roman art often depicted Roman mythology because of their belief in the power
of gods, artists also illustrated Roman emperors particularly in sculpture.
•The Greeks were a great influence in Roman sculpture. But Roman portraiture
showed the skills originality of the Romans by portraying their emperors, generals
and senators with a degree of realism unknown to the Greeks.
ROMAN ART
THE AQUEDUCT OF SEGOVIA, SPAIN AND THE ICONIC
DOME OF THE FLORENCE CATHEDRAL
SAINT PETER’S BASILICA, ROME
THE COLLOSEUM IN ROME, ITALY
 MEDIEVAL PERIOD ( C. 450 C.E
TO 1400 C.E.)
• Medieval art covered almost ten centuries between the Sack of Rome (c. 450
C.E.) and the early Italian Renaissance (1400 C.E.).
• Only one institution survived: the Christian Church- centered in Rome and
Constantinople. The church became the main sponsor of architecture and the
other types of art during the medieval era.
• In the beginning of the medieval period, all work of art are commissioned by
religious authorities for churches/monasteries.
• Prominent use of valuable materials such as gold, for objects in churches,
jewelry, mosaic backgrounds.
MEDIEVAL ART PERIOD
• Art historians generally classify medieval art into: Early Medieval
Art, Romanesque Art, and Gothic Art
• EARLY MEDIEVAL ARCHITECTURE - predominantly related
to building sacred buildings, such as churches, which was the
primary structure signifying Christian faith. The Roman basilica
was the primary model of medieval architecture. Castles and
walls are the most notable examples of nonreligious medieval
architecture.
ROMANESQUE ARCHITECTURAL
STYLE
• flourished across the western part of Europe with France as the
center of production and innovation.
• It took shape in the eleventh (11th) century, initially developing
in France then spreading to Spain, Germany, Italy, and other
regions.
• Romanesque buildings were characterized by semi-circular
arches, thick stone walls, sturdy pillars, barrel vaults,large
towers, decorative arcading, and durable construction.
 ROMANESQUE
ARCHITECTURAL STYLE
• Pre-Romanesque or Carolingian was the north European style of the
Renaissance in the late 8 th and 9 th century during the reign of
Charlemagne
• Ottonian architecture was the later period of Romanesque, developed
under the reign of Emperor Otto the Great (936-975)
• Sculpture were prevalent during this time, where stone was used to
present biblical subject matter and church doctrines.
• Other significant media are stained glass and the tradition of
continued illuminated manuscripts.
GOTHIC ART
• Originated in the 12 th century with the rebuilding of the Abbey Church
in Saint Denis, France.
• Gothic architecture offered revolutionary structural advancements
such as ribbed vaults, flying buttresses, and decorative pinnacles all
contributing to taller and lighter building design.
• Gothic architecture was light, graceful and mostly spacious in nature.
Heavy piers were replaced by slender ones while window dimensions
became larger as vaults and spires increased in height.
GOTHIC ART
• Gothic sculptures
borrowed motifs from the
architecture of the period
since it was primarily
used to decorate exteriors
of cathedrals and other
religious buildings.
 CHARACTERISTICS OF MEDIEVAL
ART
• Rich colors
• Heavily outlined
• Flat and stiff figures showing no depth
• Religious icons
• Architecture is influenced by Greek and Roman- Byzantine, Romanesque and
Gothic styles emerged from this period.
• Mosaics replaced carved decorations
• Large domes central to the church
MEDIEVAL CHURCHES AND
MONASTERIES
• Romanesque structures featured pointed arches and heavy thick
walls,small windows like the Roman style. A lot of sculptural
decorations
• Gothic structures featured pointed arches and have slender feel as
if they soar upward, large stained glass windows filtered in light
and color.
• Byzantine structures featured large domes that cover soaring
spaces, arches and lavish decorations.
TYPES OF MEDIEVAL ART
• Illuminated Manuscripts- These are religious texts decorated with rich
colors, which often featured the use of gold and silver. The word
“illuminated” comes from the word illuminare, meaning adorn.
• Metalwork-Metals with great luster, such as gold, silver, and bronze
were frequently used as mediums in the creation of religious artifacts.
Metal workers transform these beautiful metals into objects of
adornment for the church (sculptures jewelry, and church doors).
• Paintings- Medieval painting includes artwork in iconography, fresco
and panel painting
TYPES OF MEDIEVAL ART

• Embroidery- It is made of colored wool sewn together to form a

continuous panel. Story of William the Conqueror, the Norman invasion
of England and the Battle of Hastings were embroidered in a linen 20
inches high and 230 feet long, “The Bayeux Tapestry”.
• Ceramic Art- it is done handmade and not wheel-turned during the
medieval period.
• Mosaics- is the artful creation of pictures with the use of broken pieces
of colored glass, rock, or any other material.
TYPES OF MEDIEVAL ART
• Sculpture- elongated style of statues used in Romanesque art, a more
naturalistic style in the late 12th and early 13th century.
• Stained Glass- stained glass art makes use of fragmented pieces of
glass set to look like an image or a picture, the pieces are joined
together by strips of lead supported by a hard durable frame. It
was displayed to the windows of medieval churches, cathedrals
and castles.
• Heraldry- was the art and custom of creating coats of arms and badges
of the nobles
FAMOUS
MEDIEVAL
ARTISTS
• Donatello (Feast of Herod)
FAMOUS
MEDIEVAL
ARTISTS
• Leon Battista Alberti
(Santa Maria Novelle)
FAMOUFAMOUS ME
DIEVAL ARTISTSS M
EDIEVAL ARTISTS
• Filippo Brunelleschi
(Duomo)
LET'S COMPARE!
RENAISSANCE (
REBIRTH) 14 TO 17 CENTURY
TH TH

• The period in European history, from the 14 th to 17 th century, was

considered the link the middle ages and the modern history. The
term “Renaissance” is from the same French word, meaning
rebirth or revival. It began as a cultural movement in Italy in the
late medieval period and later spread to the rest of Europe.
• The revival in classical learning characterized by a sharp increase
in secular values and increased interest in learning the classics.
 RENAISSANCE
( REBIRTH) 14TH TO
17TH CENTURY
• Renaissance is reflected in humanism. Humanism focused on
developing the full potential of man. This included not only the
traditional virtues of love and honor but also virtues such as
judgement, prudence and eloquence.
• Leonardo da Vinci, making observational drawings of anatomy and
nature.
• The most important development of the period was not a specific
discovery but rather a process for discovery, the scientific method.
Influential promoters of these ideas include Copernicus and Galileo.
THE ADORATION OF THE KINGS BY HUGO VAN DER GOES
THE NATIVIT Y IN THE LOWER CHURCH BY GIOTTO DI BONDONE
EARLY RENAISSANCE
By 1500, because of the rediscovery of the classical world, the art of
painting was radically changed. The Renaissance revived ancient forms
and content. The spiritual content of painting changed, and subjects from
Roman history and mythology were borrowed. Devotional art became
classically humanized. Classical artistic principles , harmony, proportion,
realistic expression and rational postures were followed.

Active artistic regions in Europe during the period: Flanders and Italy
Almost all early Renaissance art were produced between 1420 and 1550.
HIGH RENAISSANCE (C. 1490-
1530)
This was the period when classical ideals of humanism were fully
implemented in both painting and sculpture. The preceding Early
Renaissance had been centered on Florence and paid for by the ruling
Medici family while the High Renaissance was centered on Rome and
paid for by the Pontiff.

High Renaissance artists wanted beauty and harmony more than realism,
they looked for ultimate truths in the study of the classical world of Greek
and Roman culture.
GENESIS, SISTINE CHAPEL FRESCOES BY MICHELANGELO
LAST SUPPER
LATE RENAISSANCE OR
MANNERISM
The word mannerism is derived from the Italian Maniera, meaning “style”
or “manner”. Mannerism was a European art style that appeared in the
later years of Italian High Renaissance around 1520 to 1580.
In comparison with High Renaissance art that emphasizes proportion,
balance and ideal beauty, Mannerism exaggerates such qualities, often
resulting in compositions that are asymmetrical or unnaturally elegant. It
favored compositional tension and instability rather than the balance and
clarity of earlier Renaissance painting.
LATE RENAISSANCE
OR MANNERISM
• Mostly, the mannerist painting was more artificial than natural.
This could be attributed to such characteristics as the unnatural
display of emotions, unproportionate human figures, unnatural
poses, uncommon effects of scale, use of lighting or perspective,
and bright loud color.
• The end of the Renaissance was caused largely by the beginning
of the protestant Reformation that set off violent conflicts
throughout Europe and eliminated much of the funding for art.
•MANNERIST PAINTERS
Among the finest Mannerist Artists
• Michelangelo, Sistine Chapel Frescoes
• Correggio, First to portray light radiating from the child Christ
• Agnolo Bronzino, An Allegory with Venus and Cupid
 CHARACTERISTICS OF
RENAISSANCE ART
1 .Realism and Expression:

• Emotions was depicted in faces

• Humans are natural and lifelike -very realistic

• Nudity

2 . Perspective

• Adjustment in size

• D epth

• Making 3 D world on 2 D surface

3 .C lassicism

• Influence of ancient Greeks and Romans

• Secularism

• Symmetry and balance

CHARACTERISTICS
OF RENAISSANCE ART
4.Individualism
• Emphasizes on the individual singular subject
• Free-standing figures (statues)
• Human beauty
5.Light and Shadow
• Use of light and shadow to create depth
• Chiaroscuro- contrast between light and dark colors
6.Complex Arrangements
• Complicated arrangement of objects
• Lots of complex interactions
• Can be very busy
BAROQUE PERIOD
In Art, the word Baroque was taken from the Portuguese barocco
meaning, “irregular pearl or stone” and originating in Rome.
• Baroque art showed the religious conflicts of the age, the desire of
the Roman Catholic Church to restate itself after the Protestant
Reformation as annunciated at the council of Trent
• Baroque defined something that was extravagant or intricate and
highly detailed.
BAROQUE PERIOD
• The popularity of the style was due to the Catholic Church, which
was determined at the Council of Trent that the art should convey
and express religious ideas and direct emotional involvement in
reply to the Protestant Reformation.
• Catholic- inspired Baroque art served a propagandist role that
tended to be large-scale works of public art, such as monumental
wall painting and huge frescoes for the ceilings and vaults of
palaces and churches.
FAMOUS BAROQUE ARTISTS
• Peter Paul Rubens, The Massacre of the Innocents
• Caravaggio, The Crucifixion of Saint Peter
• Rembrandt
• Bernini, Ecstasy of Saint Teresa
• Gian Lorenzo Bernini, created a remarkable series of monumental
statues of saints and figures whose faces and gestures lively
expressed their emotions.
ROCOCO PERIOD
• is referred to as Late Baroque, which is a hybrid word combining
rocaille (French for “shell”) and barocco . It was also known as
the age of artificiality as depicted in artworks showing unreal or
artificial subjects.
•Rococo appeared in France and scattered around the world in the
late 17 th and early 18 th century.
•It started when King Louis XIV requested more youthful art to be
created in his reign.
ROCOCO PERIOD
• Artists in this period emphasized more attention to detail,
ornamentation, and use of bright colors.
• Rococo is focused on secular, light-hearted, asymmetrical design
while continuing the Baroque taste for decorative style.
• Canvasses were decorated with cherubs and myths of love while
keeping with the playful trend of the period.
KNOWN ARTISTS DURING THE
ROCOCO PERIOD
• Francois Boucher, the Toilette of Venus
• Jeane Antoine Watteau, Pilgrimage in the Isle of
Cythera known as the father of the Rococo art
• Jean-Honore Fragonard, The Swing
NEOCLASSICAL ART
( 18 CENTURY)
TH

Began in Europe around 1750 until the mid-nineteenth century, This

movement aspired to save and resurrect the aesthetic and cultural values
of the Greco-Roman civilization.
The archaeological findings in the excavation of the roman cities of
Pompeii and Herculaneum in the mid 18 th century had rekindled the
interest in the art of Greco-Roman culture.
The industrial revolution’s effect led to the rise of the Age of
Enlightenment that saw the importance of technological innovation for
the advancement of humanity.
NEOCLASSICAL ART
( 18TH CENTURY)
• Heroes and beings from the Greco-Roman mythology were
repeated subjects in neoclassical paintings and sculpture.
• In sculpture, artists used natural white marble as medium.
• Cool colors in painting and the removal of perspective is were
widely used
• It gave importance to simplicity and aesthetic purity
FAMOUS ARTISTS OF
NEOCLASSICAL ART
• Anton Raphael Mengs, German portraitist
• Joseph-Marie Vien,French
• Pompeo Batoni, Italian
• Angelica Kauffmann, Swiss
• Jacques-Louis David
Sculptors
• Antonio Canova
• John Flaxman
• Bertel Thorvaldsen
ROMANTICISM
The industrial revolution began in the latter part of the 18 th century.
This revolution brought a new market economy based on new
technology. During that same time, there was a growing reaction
against the ideals of the enlightenment that emphasized science,
empirical evidence and rational thought.
ROMANTICISM
• The Romantics opposed the idea that reason was the only way to truth.
• Romantics argued that mysteries could be revealed with emotion,
imagination, and intuition.
• Romantics emphasized a life filled with deep feeling, spirituality, and
free expression as a defense against the dehumanizing effects of
industrialization.
• Romanticism strongly placed emphasis on emotion and individualism,
as well as glorification of the past and of nature.
FAMOUS ARTIST
• Theodore Gericualt
• Eugene Delacroix
• Francisco de Goya
• J.M.W. Turner
• John Constable
IMPRESSIONISM
Impressionism was created by Claude Monet and the other Paris
based artists in the early 1860. They relaxed their brushwork and
included pure intense colors. They abandoned traditional linear
perspectives and avoided the clarity of form. Because of these,
many critics questioned Impressionist paintings for their unfinished
appearance and unprofessional quality.
• Impressionism could be regarded as the first modern movement
in painting
 IMPRESSIONISM
• It began in Paris and influenced the entire Europe and eventually, the
United States.
• Its founders were artists who refused the official, government exhibitions,
and were rejected by the powerful academic art institutions.
• In the official yearly art salon of 1863, many artist were not allowed to
join, leading to public outcry.
• In 1863, the Salon des Refuses was formed to allow the exhibition of
works by artist who were refused entrance to the official salon.
IMPRESSIONISM ARTIST
• Cezanne
• Pissarro
• Whistler
• Manet
• Renoir
• Sisley
• Degas
POST- IMPRESSIONISM
Post- Impressionism is a French art movement that developed roughly
between 1886 and 1905. Post impressionism emerged as a reaction
against Impressionist’ concern for the naturalistic depiction of light and
color. The movement was led by Paul Cezanne ( known as the father of
Post-Impressionism)

• Post-Impressionists rejected the idea of the impressionist that the main

focus of the artwork should be on the opticality of the creation.
POST- IMPRESSIONISM
• The Impressioniost interest for the depiction of light and color
drew a negative reaction from the Post-Impressionist
• Post-Impressionist artist fought to bring back the emphasis on the
subject matter and the structure in painting that they felt was lost
• Post-Impressionist movement focused on the emotional,
structural, symbolic and spiritual elements that they felt were
lacking in Impressionism.
POST-IMPRESSIONIST ARTIST
• Paul Cezanne
• Vincent van Gogh
• Paul Gauguin
 ACTIVITY #6: 20 points
Draw your dream house in detail (house plan)

PROJECT: 50 points

PROJECT Using popsicle, make/create your dream house.

NOTE that a video (3 minutes) and photo (10 photo)

AND of you with your dream house in different angle is

needed.

ACTIVITY
Land Area: 10 x 10 inches
Height: 12 inches

DEADLINE! NOVEMBER 30, 2021 @ 5PM