The Birth of The Republic Study Guide 2

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The Birth of the Republic Chapters 6-10 Study Guide

1. Which early American campaign of 1776 was highly successful? Which one was unsuccessful at that time? 2. How did the Americans fulfill their duty to offer military service? 3. Why did the author describe the Revolutionary War as being a peoples war? 4. What was the greatest challenge(s) that George Washington faced as the commander-inchief of the Continental Army? 5. According to the author, which two factors played an important role in determining the outcome of the American Revolutionary War? 6. Describe two treaties that the French signed after the Battle of Saratoga. 7. Describe Spains role in the American Revolutionary War. 8. How did Nathanael Greene contribute to the defeat of the British under the leadership of Cornwallis? 9. Who were the American commissioners who led the peace negations that ultimately ended the Revolutionary War? 10. With what did most Americans, according to the author, identify the principle of human equality? 11. What did they view to be the most important characteristic of government? 12. To what does the author attribute the relative ease (little fuss) with which the Americans exchanged the British government for one of their own creation? 13. What were the two major challenges that Americans faced in creating their new government? 14. According to the author, what was the most striking feature of the new state governments that the Americans created? 15. What device did John Adams introduce to limit the power of the state legislature? 16. What was (a) the function of upper house of the legislature and (b) its counterpart in the colonial government? 17. What forms of inequality contradicted the principle of the power (of government) emanating from the people? How was this problem addressed? 18. List examples of how the Americans addressed the paradoxical existence of slavery and their commitment to the principle of equality. 19. What policy did the Americans implement in order to move toward religious equality? Which states did not comply with this? 20. Describe the ways in which there appeared to be a trend involving the redistribution of wealth after the American Revolutionary War. 1

21. Define primogeniture. 22. What did the author state was the most radical change that occurred as a consequence of the Revolutionary War? 23. What does the author believe to have been the single most unifying force that drove the colonists toward nationality? When does he believe that this process began? What was the first evidence of this collective identity and consciousness that they belonged together? 24. What were the obstacles that prevented or blocked the efforts of Congress to create a new constitution and a new national government? 25. What did that nations leaders do to generate revenue for the central government while avoiding the levying of taxes? 26. When did Congress finally adopt the first constitution? What were the chief weaknesses of the government created by this constitution? 27. List the powers of Congress under the Articles of Confederation. What power was reserved for the states? 28. Which states were concerned about and advocated the federal governments control of western lands? Why? 29. Why were some national leaders concerned about the size of the republic? 30. Based on concerns about size, which stated decided to limit its size? What stipulations did this state place on its willingness to reduce its size? 31. What time period was known as the critical period? 32. List the achievements if the critical period. 33. What was the primary purpose of the Land Ordinances of 1784 and 1785? 34. List the terms of the Northwest Ordinance of 1787. 35. Despite the precedents for settlement of the West that was established by the land ordinances, what seemed to be the norm in regard to the way that Americans handled the distribution and settlement of the Southwest? 36. State Britains stipulations concerning trade with the Americans. 37. Why did the Americans begin to favor manufacturing despite concerns about its economic profitability? 38. According to the author, what signified that the nations social health was restored after the Revolutionary War? 39. Why did the nations leaders create a government that was so ill equipped to do its job? 40. Why did the nations leaders initially entrust the brunt of governmental authority and power to the states? 41. In what area did the state governments appear to be most irresponsible in their service to the people? 42. What were the primary aims of the Annapolis Convention? 43. How many states were initially represented at the Annapolis Convention? What was its greatest accomplishment? 2

44. What was the danger(s) of simply strengthening the existing government that was dominated by Congress in 1787 rather than creating a new government? 45. What was the safeguard that most delegates at the Constitution Convention of 1787 agreed upon? 46. Who considered the creation of a constitutional monarchy as a possible format for the new government? 47. Who presented a series of resolutions that were the main features of the new government? List these main features of the new government? 48. What was the most divisive issue in regard to the power of small and large states in the new government? Why was this issue a concern to (a) small states and (b) to large states? 49. Who proposed to limit the authority of new states that would be formed west of the Appalachian Mountains? What was his goal in limiting the new states authority? How was equality in the representation in the old and new states to be maintained? 50. How was the division between the northern and southern slave states resolved? In reality, what was the consequence of the compromise that resolved this division? 51. How was the issue concerning the existence of the slave trade resolved? 52. Name a delegate who did not sign the Constitution at the Constitutional Convention of 1787. 53. List the areas of concern voiced by objectors of the Constitution of 1787. 54. What was the primary concern regarding the number of representatives (scale of representation) in the federal government created by the Constitution of 1787? 55. Who played an important role in insuring that Massachusetts would ratify the Constitution of 1787? What proposal did he make? 56. According to the author, what would have been a consequence of including the Bill of Rights in the original Constitution that was drawn up at the Constitutional Convention in 1787? 57. On what issues did the Federalists and Anti-federalists agree? 58. What conclusion do critics of the founding fathers offer concerning the creation of the Constitution of 1787? 59. According to the authors analysis, what was the relationship between the American Revolution and the Constitution? Give specific examples of this relationship.

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