TEACHING & EXAMINATION SCHEME

For the Examination – 2020

B.Sc. Part II
Pd/W Exam. Max.
THEORY (45mts.) Hours Marks
150
Phy.201 Paper I Statistical and Thermal 2 3 50
Physics
Phy.202 Paper II Quantum Mechanics and 2 3 50
Spectroscopy
Phy.203 Paper III (A) Electronics
(Except for those who
opt Electronics as a
subject)
Or
Paper III (B) Computer Systems 2 3 50
and Networking
(For the students who
have offered Electronics
as an Optional subject)
PRACTICAL 6 5 75

Total 225

B. SC. PART-II

PAPER I: STATISTICAL AND THERMAL PHYSICS

Note: The question paper for the examination will be divided in three
parts i.e., Section – A, Section – B and Section – C.
Section – A: Will consist of 10 compulsory questions. There will
be two questions from each unit and answer of each question
shall be limited upto 30 words. Each question will carry 1 mark.
Section – B: Will consist of 10 questions. Two questions from
each unit will be set and students will answer one question from
each Unit. Answer of each question shall be limited upto 250
words. Each question carry 3.5 marks.
Section – C: Will consist of total 05 questions. The paper setter
will set one question from each Unit and students will answer
any 03 questions and answer of each question shall be limited
upto 500 words. Each question will carry 7.5 marks.

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UNIT-1:
Statistical Method: Particle States, distribution of particles in
two particle states, Probability of a given distribution,
distribution corresponding to maximum probability, relative
probability curve with increasing number of particles, binomial
distribution, Standard deviation, micro-states and macro-states
of a system, principle of equal „a priori‟ probabilities, equilibrium
state, fluctuations, reversibility and irreversibility, States of a
particle inside a box, number of accessible states between an
infinitesimally small energy interval, momentum interval, phase
space, statistical weight of a configuration of a macro-state,
indistinguishable and distinguishable particles, entropy and
principle of increase of entropy, statistical ensemble, time and
ensemble averages; Thermal interaction between two systems,
zeroth law of thermodynamics, concept of temperature.
UNIT-2:
Canonical ensemble, Boltzmann canonical distribution, partition
function, a two state system, paramagnetic susceptibility, heat
capacity, Boltzmann formula for entropy, average energy and
fluctuations, free energy, adiabatic interaction, enthalpy, general
interaction, Gibbs free energy, first law of thermodynamics,
phase transitions, Clausius-Clapeyron equation.
Ideal Classical Gas, Maxwell velocity and speed distributions,
partition function, entropy (Sackur-Tetrode relation), Gibbs
paradox; equation of state, ideal gas temperature scale, Vander-
Waal‟s equation of state; heat capacities of monatomic and
diatomic gases, ortho and para hydrogen.

UNIT-3:
Systems with variable Energy and Particle Number: Chemical
potentials, grand canonical distribution, Partition function,
number fluctuations, grand potential, equation of state of an
ideal classical gas, Saha‟s ionization formula, Maxwell-
Boltzmann, Fermi-Dirac and Bose-Einstein Statistics, Fermi gas
at 0K temperature; thermionic emission, strongly degenerate
boson gas; Bose-Einstein Condensation, liquid helium.
UNIT-4:
Macroscopic Thermodynamics: Second law of thermodynamics;
Carnot cycle, Carnot theorem, thermodynamic temperature scale
and its identity with perfect gas temperature scale, entropy
change in isothermal, and adiabatic expansions of an ideal gas;
Thermodynamic potentials, Maxwell‟s equations Cp-Cv, Cp/Cv,

2
Black body radiation, energy density and pressure, Stefan-
Boltzmann law, Wien‟s displacement law, Planck‟s law.
UNIT-5:
Temperature changes in Joule and Joule-Thomson expansions,
Regenerative cooling, adiabatic demagnetization and production
of low temperatures, third law of thermodynamics, negative
temperatures.
Transport Phenomena: Mean free path, collision cross-sections,
mean free time, viscosity, thermal conductivity and self-
diffusion.

Books suggested:
1. Reif : Statistical Physics, Berkeley, Vol. 5, McGraw Hill.
2. Mandl : Statistical Physics, ELBS and Wiley.
3. Reif : Fundamentals of Statistical and Thermal Physics,
McGraw Hill.
4. C. Kittel and H. Kroemer : Thermal Physics, CSS.
5. W.G.V. Rosser: An Introduction to Statistical Physics, Elis
Horwood.
6. Lokanathan and Gambhir: Statistical and Thermal Physics,
Prentice Hall.

PAPER II: QUANTUM MECHANICS AND SPECTROSCOPY

Note: The question paper for the examination will be divided in three
parts i.e., Section – A, Section – B and Section – C.
Section – A: Will consist of 10 compulsory questions. There will
be two questions from each unit and answer of each question
shall be limited upto 30 words. Each question will carry 1 mark.
Section – B: Will consist of 10 questions. Two questions from
each unit will be set and students will answer one question from
each Unit. Answer of each question shall be limited upto 250
words. Each question carry 3.5 marks.
Section – C: Will consist of total 05 questions. The paper setter
will set one question from each Unit and students will answer
any 03 questions and answer of each question shall be limited
upto 500 words. Each question will carry 7.5 marks.

3
UNIT-1:
Development of quantum theory: Blackbody radiation and their
characteristics, failure of classical physics to explain spectral
distribution of blackbody radiation, Planck‟s quantum
Hypothesis, Average energy of Planck oscillator, Planck‟s
radiation formula, Wien‟s law, Rayleigh-Jean‟s Law, Stefan-
Boltzmann‟s Law; Failure of classical physics to explain photo-
electric effect and Compton effect, photons as carrier of energy
and momentum of electro-magnetic waves.
UNIT-2:
Wave Mechanics and Schrödinger equation: Phase velocity and
group velocity of waves, wave particle duality; De Broglie
Hypothesis; De Broglie group and phase velocity, wave packet,
Heisenberg uncertainty principle, Statement and its equation
from wave-packet in space and time; Application of uncertainty
principle such as (i) Non-existence of electron in nucleus,
(ii) Ground state of H-atom, (iii) Natural line width of spectral
lines, X-ray microscope, Particles passing through (a) single slit
and (b) double slit and observed on screen behind, explanation
of distribution in terms of probability amplitude and interference
of probability amplitude.
Postulates of Quantum Mechanics: Wave functions, Schrödinger
superposition principle, operators in Quantum mechanics,
Hermitian operators, expectation values, Interpretation of wave-
function, symmetric and anti-symmetric wave functions, concept
of parity; Probability density, Schrödinger equation, Schrödinger
equation for free particle; Arguments in favour of this equation.

UNIT-3:
Application of Schrödinger equation: Schrödinger equation for
particle moving in potential field, Time dependent and time
independent Schrödinger equation, Stationary states,
Orthogonality of wave functions, Probability current density,
Ehrenfest Theorem, Simple solution of Schrodinger equation
(Restricted to one dimensional case), Particle in one dimensional
infinite well, Particle in one dimensional finite well (one or both
sides of well may be non-rigid), Calculation of reflection and
transmission coefficient for potential step and potential barrier.
UNIT-4:
Atomic Spectroscopy: Orbital angular momentum, electron spin
and Stern Gerlac experiment, Total angular momentum, Spin-
orbit interaction, Vector model of atom and quantum numbers

4
associated with atom, L-S coupling and j-j coupling, Statement
of Hund‟s Rule and Lande Interval Rule (without derivation), Fine
structure of spectral lines, spectral terms up to two valence
electron system, Pauli‟s exclusion principle.
UNIT-5:
Atom in magnetic field: Magnetic moment of atom, contribution
from orbital and spin angular momentum, gyro-magnetic ratio;
Interaction energy of atom in magnetic field, splitting of energy
levels, using good quantum numbers in Normal Zeeman effect,
Anomalous Zeeman effect and Paschen-Back effect, Selection
rules for dipole transitions.
Molecular spectroscopy: qualitative features of molecular
spectra, rigid rotator, rotational and vibrational energy levels of
diatomic molecules, rotational-vibrational spectra.
Books suggested:
1. Semat: Atomic Physics
2. Alonso and Finn: Fundamental University Physics, Vol. – III.
3. Beiser: Concepts in Modern Physcis
4. Waghmare: Quantum Mechanics
5. Wehr, Richards, Adair: Physics of the Atom, Narosa.

PAPER III (A): ELECTRONICS

Note: The question paper for the examination will be divided in three
parts i.e., Section – A, Section – B and Section – C.
Section – A: Will consist of 10 compulsory questions. There will
be two questions from each unit and answer of each question
shall be limited upto 30 words. Each question will carry 1 mark.
Section – B: Will consist of 10 questions. Two questions from
each unit will be set and students will answer one question from
each Unit. Answer of each question shall be limited upto 250
words. Each question carry 3.5 marks.
Section – C: Will consist of total 05 questions. The paper setter
will set one question from each Unit and students will answer
any 03 questions and answer of each question shall be limited
upto 500 words. Each question will carry 7.5 marks.

5
UNIT-1:
Intrinsic and extrinsic semi-conductors, Fermi levels, mass-
action law; carrier injection, recombination, diffusion and
diffusion length, drift and diffusion currents, continuity
equation; p-n junction, potential barrier, biasing, current-voltage
relation, space charge and diffusion capacitances; varactor
diode; Zener diode; tunnel diode; photovoltaic effect, solar cell.
Power supplies: Full wave and half wave rectifiers; ripple factor,
voltage regulation; filters; Zener regulation.
UNIT-2:
Network theorems – Thevenin, Norton, Maximum power transfer
and Miller theorems.
Dipolar junction transistors, Ebers-Moll equations; CB, CE and
CC configurations, BJT characteristics; biasing and thermal
stabilization, self bias; hybrid parameters of a two port network;
small signal hybrid equivalent model of a BJT at low frequencies,
current, voltage and power gains; input and output impedances;
high frequency hybrid pi model, short circuit current gain, f β and
fα; current gain with resistive load.

UNIT-3:
Field effect transistors, JFET, MOSEET, construction and
characteristics; FETs as voltage Controlled Devices, small signal
model.
Large signal amplifiers, class A, B and C operations and
efficiencies; distortions; determination of second harmonic
distortion; push-pull amplifiers; impedance matching.

UNIT-4:
Negative Feedback: Current and voltage negative feedbacks;
effect on stability, input and output impedances, distortion,
frequency response; emitter follower.
Oscillators: Positive feedback, Barkhausen criterion; RC phase-
shift oscillator; Hartley and Colpitts oscillators, UJT and sweep
generators using UJT; Transistor as a switch and Astable multi-
vibrator.
UNIT-5:
Operational amplifiers, inverting and non-inverting; differential
amplifiers, CMRR; measurement of OP AMP parameters; use of
OP AMPs as adder, in analog integration and differentiation.

6
Digital circuits: Laws of Boolean algebra and De-Morgan‟s
theorem, realization of Boolean Expression using logic gates

Books suggested:
1. J. Millman and CC Halkias: Integrated Electronics: Analog
and Digital Circuits and Systems, Tata McGraw Hill.
2. Mottertshead: Electronic Devices and Circuits – An
Introduction, Prentice Hall India.
3. Bhargava, Kurukshetra & Gupta , “Basic Electronics and
Linear Circuits”, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing LTD.
4. V.K. Mehta, “Principles of Electronics”, S. Chand and
Company LTD.

PAPER III (B): COMPUTER SYSTEMS AND NETWORKING

Note: The question paper for the examination will be divided in three
parts i.e., Section – A, Section – B and Section – C.
Section – A: Will consist of 10 compulsory questions. There will
be two questions from each unit and answer of each question
shall be limited upto 30 words. Each question will carry 1 mark.
Section – B: Will consist of 10 questions. Two questions from
each unit will be set and students will answer one question from
each Unit. Answer of each question shall be limited upto 250
words. Each question carry 3.5 marks.
Section – C: Will consist of total 05 questions. The paper setter
will set one question from each Unit and students will answer
any 03 questions and answer of each question shall be limited
upto 500 words. Each question will carry 7.5 marks.

Unit-1
Introduction to computers: Development of computers with
electronic devices, brief history of computers, computer
generations, IC technology, LSI and VLSI, classification of
computers, applications of computers, basic computer
organization, basic processor architecture, types of processors,
memory, primary memory, cache, RAM and ROM, secondary
memory, HDD, CD drive, Pen drive, Power supply, input and
output devices, keyboard, pointing device, optical devices,
monitor, projector, printers, plotter (only definitions and
functions of the devices).

7
UNIT-2
System software: Operating system, need of OS, functions of OS,
different types of OS, batch processing OS, multi programming
OS, single user OS and multi user OS, time sharing OS, OS for
Personal Computer, DOS, Windows OS, features of Windows OS,
Unix OS, Open source OS Linux. Low level languages: machine
language, Assembly language, assembler, high level languages,
features of high level languages, interpreters and compilers .

UNIT-3
Application software: Program development in high level
languages, algorithm and flow chart, execution of user
application programs. Software packages: MS Office package,
word processing, MS Word, preparing and printing documents in
MS Word, MS Excel; using formulas and functions, plotting
graphs, Power point presentation. Computer graphics, graphic
software packages, Origin software package, plotting graphs in
Origin.

UNIT-4
Basic Network Functions: Overview, evolution of computer networks,
elements of LAN and WAN, Network architecture, ISO-OSI
architecture, hardware elements: modems, multiplexers,
concentrators, transmission media, twisted pair, coaxial cable, optical
fibre, LAN topologies: bus, ring and star.

UNIT-5
Network interconnection issues: Internetworking bridges,
routers, communication methods, store and forward techniques,
circuit switching, packet switching, introduction to TCP/IP
protocol family, issues related to network reliability and security.
Books suggested:
A. Mottershed: Electronic Devices and Circuits, PHI.
V. Rajaraman: Fundamentals of Computers, PHI.
Martin, J.: Networks and Distributed Processing, PHI.
R. Thareja: Fundamentals of Computers, Oxford Press.

8
PRACTICALS
1. Determination of temperature coefficient of platinum resistance thermometer
using Carey Foster Bridge.
2. Determine thermal conductivity of a bad conductor by Lee’s method.
3. Determination of Ballistic Constant of a Ballistic galvanometer using condenser.
4. Determination of Ballistic Constant of a Ballistic galvanometer by steady
deflection method.
5. Determination of high resistance by method of leakage.
6. e/m by Thomson’s method.
7. Measurement of inductance of coil by Anderson’s bridge.
8. Measurement of capacitance and dielectric constant of a liquid and gas by De-
Sauty Bridge.
9. Study of Gaussian distribution using statistical board.
10. Determination of mutual inductance of a coil.
11. Experimental verification of the first law of thermodynamics by discharging the
condenser.
12. To determine the energy Band gap in a semiconductor using junction diode.
13. Study of the characteristics of a given transistor (PNP/NPN) in common emitter
configuration and find the value of parameter of given transistor.
14. Study of the characteristics of a given transistor (PNP/NPN) in common base
configuration and find the value of parameter of given transistor.
15. Study the characteristics of rectifier junction diode and Zener diode.
16. Study of dependence of velocity of wave propagation on line parameters using
torsional wave apparatus.
17. Study of variation of reflection coefficient on nature of termination using torsional
wave apparatus.
18. Study of variation of total thermal radiation with temperature.
19. Plot thermo emf versus temperature and find the neutral temperature and
temperature of inversion.
20. Determination of Self Inductance of a Coil using Ballistic galvanometer.
21. To study the electromagnetic damping of a compound pendulum.
22. Study of phase relationship of RL Circuit.

Note: - New experiments may be added on availability of equipments.