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(Group 2) Measure of Central Tendency

This document provides information about measures of central tendency including the mean, median, and mode. It defines each measure and provides examples of calculating them from both ungrouped and grouped data. The mean is the average value and is calculated by adding all values and dividing by the total number. The median is the middle value when data is arranged in order. The mode is the most frequent value. The document discusses when to use each measure and provides examples to illustrate how to compute them from raw and grouped data sets.

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29 views73 pages

(Group 2) Measure of Central Tendency

This document provides information about measures of central tendency including the mean, median, and mode. It defines each measure and provides examples of calculating them from both ungrouped and grouped data. The mean is the average value and is calculated by adding all values and dividing by the total number. The median is the middle value when data is arranged in order. The mode is the most frequent value. The document discusses when to use each measure and provides examples to illustrate how to compute them from raw and grouped data sets.

Uploaded by

Harley Favor
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Measure

of
Central Tendency
GE 104 - Midterm

Prepared By:
GROUP 2
(DDM 1-A)
Structure of the Lesson
Concept of terms The Median
01 Measure of Central Tendency 04 Computations of Median for Ungrouped Data
Computations of the Median for Grouped
Mean Data
Median
Mode

Symbols used in calculation The Mode


02 Measures of Central Tendency 05 Computations of Mode for Ungrouped Data
Computations of Mode for Grouped Data

When to use the Various


The Arithmetic Mean
03 Calculations of mean for Ungrouped Data 06 Measures of Central Tendency
When to use Mean
Calculations of mean for Grouped Data by Long Method When to use Median
Calculations of mean for Grouped Data by Short Method When to use Mode
OBJECTIVES
Compute median when
Calculate mean for Ungrouped
Data 01 03 frequencies are missing;

Find out Mode for Grouped


02
Find out the mean for grouped data
by long and short method; 04 and Ungrouped Data

Select the most appropriate


Work out the median for grouped
and ungrouped data 03 06 method of central tendency for a
given set of data.
DEFINITION IN TERMS
Measures Central Tendency ?

Measures of central tendency are


also known as statistical averages.
There are a number of the
measures of central tendency, such
as the mean, median and the mode
Mean ?
Mean is the simple arithmetic average
of the different values of a variable.
For ungrouped and grouped data, the
methods for calculating mean are
necessarily different.
Median ?

The median is the value of the


rank, which divides the arranged
series into two equal numbers.
It is independent of the actual
value.
Mode ?
Mode is the maximum occurrence or
frequency at a particular point or value.
You may notice that each one of these
measures is a different method of
determining a single representative number
suited to different types of the data sets.
02
Symbols used in
Calculation
Measures of Central Tendency
Symbols used in Calculations of
Measures of Central Tendency
COMPARISON CHART
GROUPED DATA vs. UNGROUPED DATA

UNGROUPED DATA GROUPED DATA

Data that is gathered for the


first time during a study or When raw data are grouped into
Meaning experiment, is called Ungrouped classes, it is termed Grouped data.
data.

Preferred when Collecting data Analyzing data

Classfication Not organized and Classified Organized and Classified

Presentation Use of lists Use of frequency tables

Summarized in the frequency


Summary No form of summarization
distribution
The Arithmetic Mean
1.1 Calculation of Mean from Ungrouped Data
While calculating mean from ungrouped data using the direct
method, the values or each observation are added and the total
number of occurrences are divided by the sum of all observations.
The mean is calculated using the following formula:
EXAMPLE
1.2 Calculation of Mean from Grouped Data
The mean is also computed for the grouped
data using either direct or indirect method

Direct Method
Then scores are grouped into a frequency distribution,
the individual values lose their identity. These values
are represented by the midpoints of the class
1.2 Calculation of Mean from Grouped Data
intervals in which they are located. While computing the
mean from grouped data using direct method, the
midpoint of each class interval is multiplied with its
corsponding frequency ( f ); all values of fx (the X are
the midpoints) are added to obtain that is usually
divided by the number of observation i.e., (N). Hence,
mean is calculated using the following formula.
1.2 Calculation of Mean from Grouped Data
EXAMPLE
1.2 Calculation of Mean from Grouped Data

Indirect Method

The formula can be used for the indirect method for


grouped data. The principles of this formula are similar
to that of the indirect method given for ungrouped
data.

It is expressed as under:
1.2 Calculation of Mean from Grouped Data
Indirect Method
EXAMPLE
Example No. 1

Given:
Example No. 2

Given:
THE
MEDIAN
1.3 Calculation of Median from Ungrouped Data

When the scores are ungrouped, these are arranged in


ascending or descending order. Median can be found by
locating the central observation or value in the
arranged series. The central value may be located from
either end of the series arranged in ascending or
descending order.

The following equation is used to compute the median:


1.3 Calculation of Median from Ungrouped Data
EXAMPLE
1.4 Calculation of Median from Grouped Data

When the scores are grouped, we have to find the


value of the point where an individual or
observation is centrally located in the group.

It can be computed using the following formula:


1.4 Calculation of Median from Grouped Data
EXAMPLE
THE
MODE
1.5 Calculation of Mode from Ungrouped Data

While computing mode from the


given data sets all measures are
first arranged either in ascending
or descending order. It helps in
identifying the most frequently
occuring measure easily.
EXAMPLE
1.6 Calculation of Mode from Grouped Data
When we need to calculate
the mode in case of grouped
frequency distribution, we will
first identify the modal class,
the class that has the highest
frequency. Then, we will use
the formula given below to
calculate the mode.
1.6 Calculation of Mode from Grouped Data
EXAMPLE
Example #1
Compute the mode of the test scores.

SCORES FREQUENCY

41-45 1

36-40 8

31-35 8

26-30 14

21-25 7

16-20 2
Example #2
Based on the data below, calculate the mode.

AGE FREQUENCY

41-50 7

31-40 9

21-30 12

11-20 14

1-10 8
TYPES
OF
MODE IN
STATISTICS
EXAMPLE
DEFINITION MODES
DATA SET

When there is only one


UNIMODAL and only one mode in a Set X = {1, 2, 2, 3, 6, 7, 7, 7, 8, 9} Only 7
dataset.

When there are two


BIMODAL modes in the given data Set A = {1, 1, 1, 3, 4, 4, 6, 6, 6} 1 and 6
set.

When there are three


TRIMODAL modes in the given data Set A = {2, 2, 2, 3, 4, 4, 6, 6, 6, 7, 9, 9, 9} 2, 6, and 9
set.

When there are four or


MULTIMODAL more modes in the given Set A = {1, 1, 1, 3, 4, 4, 6, 6, 6, 7, 9, 9, 9, 11, 11, 11} 1, 6, 9, and 11
data set.
KEY SUMMARY....
WHEN TO USE
THE VARIOUS
MEASURES:
WHEN TO
USE THE
MEAN
WHEN TO
USE THE
MEDIAN
WHEN TO
USE THE
MODE
SOURCES OF REFERENCES
• https://keydifferences.com/difference-between-ungrouped-data-and-
grouped-data.html#KeyDifferences

• https://collegedunia.com/exams/mode-mathematics-articleid-1465#g

• https://www-geeksforgeeks
org.cdn.ampproject.org/v/s/www.geeksforgeeks.org/what-is-
mode/amp/amp_gsa=1&amp_js_v=a9&usqp=mq331AQIUAKwASCAAgM
%3D#types-of-mode-in
statistics=&ampshare=https%3A%2F%2Ffanyv88.com%3A443%2Fhttps%2Fwww.geeksforgeeks.org%2Fw
hat-is-mode%2F

• Pagano, R. (2004). Understanding Statistics in the Behavioural Sciences


(7th edition).

• Pacific grove, ca: brooks/cole publishing co.


Guilford, J.P...(1956). Fundamental Statistics in Psychology and Education.
Mcgraw-hill book company. NY

• Garrett, E.H. (1969). Statistics in Psychology and Education Greenwood


Press, NY.
END...

THANK YOU ‼️

- GROUP 2

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