Practical File

On

INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

Submitted to
MAHARSHI DAYANAND UNIVERSITY, ROHTAK
In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of
BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMISNISTRATION
(Regular Degree)
(3rd SEMESTER)
Submitted by

Name: DEEPAK KUMAR RAJ

Reg. no 2116241086
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PRACTICAL NO. 1

Paragraph and Text Formatting

Once you have finished with the content of your page, you can then begin
formatting your text. It is important to make sure that whatever formatting you
decide to use is used consistently throughout the site, since you don't want it to be
visually jarring to visitors. In addition, more attention should be given to content
rather than formatting, since it is the content that will be of interest to those using
your site.

Paragraph Formatting

Paragraph formatting determines the type of text you have in a particular part of
your website. Its function is to delineate your body text (the main content) from
other types of text, such as paragraph, chapter, and page headings, notes, image
captions, et cetera.

Because changing the paragraph formatting also changes the appearance of the
selected text, there will be a strong temptation to use this function in BlueGriffon as
a way to format the text itself. This should be avoided, since itmay adversely affect
the formatting of any surrounding text, making it difficult to get it back to normal.
This being the case, it is recommended that all text, regardless of whether it is a
heading, caption, or a paragraph of bodytext, be kept in the same paragraph and text
formats until you are sure that you are finished with the page's content. After that has
been completed, then you will be able to change the formatting while at the same
time minimizingthe potential for editing difficulties later on.
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Fig. 3-1

To change your paragraph formatting, first select the text that you would like to
include. In this case, we are going to change the paragraph format of the headings on
the home page. Then, click on the paragraph format menu (at this point, it says
only "Body Text"), and change the paragraph formatto Heading 3 ( ).

Fig. 3-2

After making the changes, the paragraph formats for the headings will bechanged,
while the surrounding text retains its "Body Text" formatting (
).
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Examples of Paragraph Formatting

Below ( ) is an example of what each of the paragraph formats looklike in

Variable width text.

Fig. 3-3

Note that with each increase in the paragraph heading level, the text becomes
smaller ( ). Heading formats, as well as the Paragraph text
format, automatically insert an extra line after the Enter key is pressed.
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Text Formatting

Unlike paragraph formatting, which determines the type of text in an HTML

document (body text, headings, captions, etc.), text formatting determines itsstyle,
color, alignment, etc.

Fig. 3-4

The text formatting options can be found in BlueGriffon's main toolbar, at thebottom
and to the right ( ). Below is a brief overview of the function of
each of these options.

1. Text Styles

Text styles change the base appearance of the text.

Bold. Click on [B] to make your text bold.

Italic. Click on the [I] to make your text .
Underline. Click on the [U] to underline your text.

2. Text Alignment

The alignment of the text governs its placement and behavior on the page.To
change the alignment of text, simply select the text you would like to change, and
select one of the options below.

Align left. Click the icon to align your text with the left side of the page.
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Align Center. Click the icon to align your text with the center of the page.

Align Right. Click the icon to align your text with the right side of the
page.

Align justified. Click the icon to justify the text with both sides of the
page.

3. Text Color

In BlueGriffon, you can change the color of the text itself, as well as the colorof the
text's background by means of two buttons.

To change the text color, first select the text, and click on the first button to
change the text's color, and the second button to change the text'sbackground color.
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Fig. 3-5

Upon selecting one of the buttons, a window will appear ( ), prompting

you to select a color. You can either use the predefined colors to the right, choose
the last picked color, or define one of your own by using the palette on the left or
defining its hex or RGB values. You can also change the opacityof the color, which
will make it more or less transparent in relation to the page's background. When
you're finished, click OK.

Fig. 3-6

This is an example of what the text would look like after only the color hasbeen
changed ( ).

Fig. 3-7

And this is an example of what the text would look like after both the color and the
background color have been changed. Note that by default, BlueGriffon changes the
background color for the entire paragraph, not just the selected
text ( ).

4. Font

While BlueGriffon can technically change the font of your text to any installed on
your computer, it is best to stick with the first five in the drop-down menu
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(see below). Otherwise, the text will show up correctly on your

screen, but no one else's.

Fig. 3-8

Variable width font is most often Times New Roman, or something similar.

Fixed width font is a more classic typeface, such as Courier.

Arial and Helvetica are nearly identical in their appearance.

Times and Courier, like Arial/Helvetica, are common fonts on most systems,
whether Windows, Mac, or Linux.

Indenting and Outdenting Text

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Fig. 3-9

Indenting text can be helpful, particularly when adding quotes to your HTML
document. To indent your text, click on the Indent text button from the
toolbar ( ).

With each click of the button, BlueGriffon will move the tab for the
particular paragraph five points.

When you want to outdent the text again after you've inserted your quote,
click on the the Outdent text button .

Lists

Fig. 3-10

To create a bulleted list, click on the icon from the toolbar ( ).

When you have finished typing the list, simply hit Enter twice.

Example List
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• Item 1

• Item 2

• Item 3

To make an ordered list, click on the icon. As with bulleted lists above,
you can press Enter twice to return to the body text.

Example List

1. First item
2. Second item
3. Third item

Additional Formatting Options

BlueGriffon has additional formatting options available, aside from the more
common ones accessible through the main toolbar, which can be accessed through
the Format menu (see ).
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Fig. 3-11
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PRACTICAL NO.3
TABLES
4 Steps for Good-looking Tables in a Presentation

Tablesareused everywhereinbusiness– pricelists, KPIcomparisons,

projectmeetings, quarterreviewmeet-ups, accounting audits… Sounds familiar?
Tableinfographicsareoneof themostcommonwaystopresentdata.
Makingatablein PowerPointor Excel issimpleand quick. However,
usually,thosetableslookprettybasicandboring. It’ stimetochange that!

Read ontofindoutfoureasystepsyoucanfollowtoquicklychange defaultdata

tablesintomoreattractiveandprofessional-lookingtable graphics.

Allgraphicscanbefound inthe CreativeTables Graphicsslidescollection.

Clickonthepicturestoseethedetails.

Allthepresentedtablemakeoversyou’ reabouttoseearedoneusing
onlystandard MSOffice PowerPointtools. You don’ tneed anyspecial
software, onlyyourcomputerand abitof imagination. Let’ shaveaquick
viewofhowtablescanberedesigned.

Before and After PowerPoint Table Redesign

Belowyoucanseeastandard tablecomparing threeproductfeatures created in

PowerPoint. Ifyouusethestandardtablestyleitwilllooklike this– a grid with
blacklinesand plainwhitecellsfilling:
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Here’ san exampleofhowsuchatablecanbefacelifted inafewstepsto

lookconsistent,easiertoread andremember.

Whichtablewould resonatelongerwithyouraudience?Theoneaboveor below?

And thebestpartisthatittookme 5-10 minutes, usingjustcolors, basic

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shapesand afewsimplesymbols. Sodon’ tworry, you don’ tneed to

haveprofound designskillstoachievesimilarresults.
Formoretableexamples,checkoutthis tablegraphicscollectionhere.
Belowyoucanseefourstepsthatareeasytofollow. Even ifyou don’ t feel
likeagraphic designer,youcandoit:).

1. Replace the grid of your standard presentation table

Thetablecellbordersareseparating thecontentofyourtablecells. They are far

lessimportantthanthecontentitself. Thereforeitisamistaketo makethenstrong
blackasontheexample. Makethemlooklessimportantbyreplacing
thehighcontrastblackgrid with lightgray(oranyothercolor, whichwillsuityourstyle,
grayisoneofthemostneutral colors). Youcan alsoremovetheborderscompletely,
ifyou havewidetablemargins. Here aretwoexamplesofsuchchange:
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Believe me,yourtables willlookmoreelegantand professional withoutthedefaultblackborders.

Eventuallyyoucangetrid onlyoftheoutsidegridanditwill alsolookbetter.

Toedittableborderclickon thetableitselfand thenselectinthe

PowerPointtopmenu: .

2. Add shapes to table columns and rows headers

Thenextstep istoenchancetheheaders. Adding asimplearrowshape

behindthetablewilldothetrick.

Thenadjustthecolorsof added shapes. Depending onwhatthegoal ofthepresentationslideis,

selectthecolors:

• usevividcolorslike Idid ifyouwantpeopletofocusonthatpart– in

thiscasethethreeproductsinmyexample.
• usecalmercolorsforlessimportantparts(e.g. shadesofgrayor blue)

Don’ t forgettocheckifthetextonheaderisstillreadableafteryouaddedcolors.
Ensurethecontrast– changetheheader font colortowhitefrom blackifneeded.
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3. Illustrate your PowerPoint table with icons

Ifyou havea few moreminutesand wanttomoveyourtablestothenext level,

enrichthemfurtherwithillustrativesymbols. Using theiconsrelated totheconceptsand
ideascreatesastrongvisual association. Thatwill helpyouraudiencefocuson
theinformationyouwanttopresentthem.

Intheproducttableexamplebelow,thethreefeaturesarereplacedwith
simpleflaticons– ashield forsecurity, agaugeforefficiency, and cogs
representing production.

Forincreasingvisualpower Ialso replaced thethird columnwithdiscrete Yes/

Novaluesbut Check/ Uncheckicons.
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Byaddingsmall picturesyoucanfocuspeople’ sattentionon thepoints

youwant: whetheryouwanttoemphasize thefunctionalityofaproduct,
statusofaprojectornumericvalues.

4. Highlight the key table cell content

Mostprobablythere’ sonekeypieceofinformationinthetableyouwant
toshowinthecontextof othertabledata. Makethiskey-valuestandout.
Theeasiestthing istomakethetextornumberbold oruseadifferent color.
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However, tomakeitvisuallymoreattractive, I’ dsuggestotherwaysof

highlighting:

• makethetablecelldarkand thetextwhite. This waythewholecell will

stand out.
• add anextra shapee.g. acirclewith anoutlineand transparentfilling

overthetable. Orevenbetter,add a handdrawn swooshshape.

Usingsuchastylewilladd personaltouch tothetable– likeyou marked
itwithapenonpaper.

That’ s all. Fourtricks youcanuse tomakeyourpresentationtables

fancier:
• Replacethedefaultblacktablegrid

• Add shapesunderthetableheaders

• Illustrate itemswithicons tocreateamnemonicassociation

• Highlightthekeyinformationinthetable.

Mostimportantly, these thesesimpledo-it-yourselfinstructionswill help

yousavetimeand createanengaging infographictabledesignsusing only
PowerPointshapes, markersandicons. Youcan chooseyourfavorite
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trick fromabove and tryusing it ineverypresentation(e.g. contrastcolors,oricons),

and seehowitchangesyourslides.
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PRACTICAL NO.4
SPELL CHECK AND WORD COUNT FEATURES

Howtousethespell-checkfunction
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The spell-checkfunctionof WPShelpsustoquicklycheckspelling mistakesand

provides suggestionsforcorrections. It savesusalotoftimetoalign documents.
Wecanseethatsomeof thecontentof thisdocumenthasbeenmarked with red
underlinesbecause WPSOffice judgedthatthecontentof thetextiswrong. At thistime,
weneedtocorrectthemarkedcontenttoeliminatethesered underlines.
Clickthe Review taband clickthe SpellCheck button. Apanewill popuponthe
rightside. Itsshortcutkeyis F7.
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Takethe firstwrongwordducumentsasanexample. Whenthe mouseclicks where

thewordislocated, the Suggestions willgeneratethecorrect wordbased
onspellingintelligence.
Selectthe word thatneedstobecorrected, andthenclick Change. Then wecan
revisetheword. Click ChangeAll tocorrectthe misspellingof allthesewords in the
document.

Wecanseethatsomeabbreviated wordsin thedocumentarealsomarkedformisspelling,

and infact, there arenoerrors in the words. Inthiscase, wecan choose to
ignoreordeletethemarks completely.
· 1.Ignore
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Takethe xlxs in thesecondcolumnasanexample. Clickxlxs, and IgnoreOnce inthe

panetoignoretheerror messageof thisword, and click IgnoreAll toignore all
theerrormessagesof thiswordinthedocument.
Note: Ignoringthemarks doesnotcompletelycleartheunderlines prompt, itonlyturnsthe
red underlinesblue.

· 2.Delete
Takethe pptinthethirdcolumnasanexample. Clickppt, andclick Add inthe rightpane,
youwill find thattheunderline isdeleted. Thepurpose isto add this wordtothe proofing
dictionary. Ifweencounterthiswordinthefuture, thiswordwill no longerbemarked
incorrectly.
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Inthe SpellCheck drop-down button, we canchoose SetLanguage according to the

languageinthe document.
Click Options, andadialogboxwill popup. Wecancheckthe optionsof Spell
Check and also CustomDictionaries. Thesecanbeselectedaccordingtoourneeds.
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PRACTICAL NO.5
ADVANCE OPTION (MAIL MERGE)

Usemailmergeforbulkemail,letters,labels,andenvelopes

Mail merge letsyoucreateabatchofdocuments thatarepersonalizedforeachrecipient. Forexample,

aformlettermightbepersonalized to address eachrecipient byname. A datasource, likealist,
spreadsheet, ordatabase, isassociatedwiththedocument.
Placeholders--called merge fields--tell Wordwhere in thedocumenttoincludeinformationfromthedatasource.

Youworkonthe maindocument inWord, inserting merge fieldsforthepersonalized content

youwanttoinclude. Whenthemailmerge iscomplete, themergedocument will
generateapersonalized versionof itselfforeach nameinthedatasource.
WindowsmacOSWeb

Datasources
Yourfirst stepinsettingup amail merge istopickthesource ofdatayou'lluse for the personalized
information. Excel spreadsheetsand Outlookcontact listsare the most commondatasources, but
anydatabasethatyoucanconnectto Wordwill work. Ifyou
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don'tyethaveadatasource, youcaneventype it upin Word, aspartofthe mail mergeprocess.

Fordetailsaboutdatasources, see Datasourcesyoucan use foramail merge.

Ifyouknowyou'llbeusing Excel or Outlookasthesourceofyourdata, see:

■ Mail merge using anExcel spreadsheet

■ Use Outlookcontactsasadatasourceforamailmerge

Documenttypes
Word providestoolsforincorporating yourdatainto the followingkindsofdocuments.Followthelinks
fordetailsabout eachtype:

■ Letters thatincludeapersonalized greeting. Eachletterprintson aseparate

sheetofpaper.
Create and printabatchofpersonalized letters
■ Email whereeachrecipient's addressistheonlyaddress onthe Toline. You'llbe
sending the emaildirectlyfromWord.
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PRACTICALNO.6
ADVANCEOPTION(MACRO)

Createorrunamacro

In Word,youcanautomate frequently used tasksbycreating andrunning macros.

Amacroisaseries ofcommandsandinstructionsthatyougrouptogetherasa single
commandtoaccomplishataskautomatically.

Tosave timeontasksyoudooften,bundle thesteps intoamacro.First,yourecord

the macro. Thenyoucanrun the macroby clicking a buttonon the Quick Access
Toolbarorpressingacombination ofkeys.It dependson howyousetitup.

1. Click View> Macros > RecordMacro.

2. Typeanameforthemacro.

3. Tousethismacroinanynewdocumentsyoumake, besurethe Storemacroin boxsays

AllDocuments(Normal.dotm).
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4. Torunyourmacrowhenyouclickabutton,click Button.

5. Clickthenewmacro(it’ snamedsomethinglikeNormal.NewMacros.<your macro

name>), andclick Add.

6. Click Modify.
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7. Chooseabuttonimage, typethenameyouwant, andclick OK twice.

8. Nowit’ stimetorecordthesteps.Clickthecommandsorpressthekeysforeachstep
inthetask. Wordrecordsyourclicksandkeystrokes.

9. Tostoprecording, click View> Macros> StopRecording.

Thebuttonforyourmacro appears onthe Quick Access Toolbar.

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Torunthe macro, clickthebutton.

1. Click View> Macros > RecordMacro.

2. Typeanameforthemacro.

3. Tousethismacroinanynewdocumentsyoumake, besurethe Storemacroin boxsays

AllDocuments(Normal.dotm).

4. Torunyourmacrowhenyoupressakeyboardshortcut, click Keyboard.

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5. Typeacombinationofkeysinthe Pressnewshortcutkey box.

6. Checktoseewhetherthatcombination’ salready assignedtosomething else.Ifit's

alreadyassigned,tryadifferentcombination.

7. Tousethiskeyboardshortcut inanynewdocumentsyoumake,be sure the Save

changesin boxsays Normal.dotm.

8. Click Assign.

9. Nowit’ stimetorecordthesteps.Clickthecommandsorpressthekeysforeachstep
inthetask. Wordrecordsyourclicksandkeystrokes.
Note: Usethekeyboardtoselecttextwhile you’ rerecordingyourmacro. Macrosdon’ trecordselectionsmade
withamouse.

10. Tostoprecording, click View> Macros> StopRecording.

Torunthe macro, press the keyboardshortcut keys.

Runamacro

Torunamacro, clickthebuttononthe Quick Access Toolbar, pressthekeyboardshortcut, oryoucan

runthemacrofromthe Macros list.

1. Click View> Macros > ViewMacros.

2. Inthelistunder Macroname,clickthemacroyou wanttorun.

3. Click Run.
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Makeamacroavailableinalldocuments

Tomakeamacrofromone document availableinall newdocuments, addittothe Normal.dotmtemplate.

1. Openthedocument thatcontains themacro.

2. Click View> Macros > ViewMacros.

3. Click Organizer.

4. Clickthemacroyou want toaddtotheNormal.dotmtemplate, andclick Copy.

Addamacrobuttontotheribbon

1. Click File > Options> CustomizeRibbon.

2. Under Choosecommandsfrom,click Macros.

3. Clickthemacroyou want.

4. Under Customizetheribbon, clickthetabandcustomgroupwhereyouwanttoaddthemacro.

Ifyoudon't have acustomgroup, click NewGroup. Thenclick Rename andtypeanameforyourcustomgroup.

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1. Click Add.

2. Click Rename tochooseanimagefor themacroandtypethenameyouwant.

3. Click OKtwice.

WriteamacrofromscratchinVisualBasic

1. Onthe Developer tab,inthe Code group, click Macros.

2. Inthe Macroname box,typeanameforthemacro.

3. Inthe Macrosin list, clickthetemplateordocument inwhichyou want tostorethemacro.

Tomakeyourmacroavailableinalldocuments,besuretoclick Normal.dotm.

4. Click Create toopentheVisualBasic Editor.

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PRACTICALNO.7
PAGESETUP
Usedifferentorientationsinthesamedocument

Theremaybe timeswhenyouwant certain pagesorsectionsofyourdocument tohave a different

orientationfromthe rest ofit. Notethat Wordputsselected text onitsownpage,
andthesurroundingtext onseparate pages.

1. Select the pagesorparagraphswhose orientationyouwant tochange.

2. Click PAGELAYOUT > PageSetup dialogboxlauncher.
3. Inthe PageSetup box, under Orientation, click Portrait or Landscape.
4. Clickthe Applyto box,andclick Selectedtext.

Wherearethesectionbreaksinadocument?

Whenyouaddsectionbreaks inyourdocument, theeasiest waytoseewheretheybegin

andendisto first displayallformatting marks.

■ Click HOME > Show/Hide.

■ Thesectionbreaksthat youhave addedwillstartandendwith SectionBreak
(Continuous). There are otherkindsofsectionbreaks and will belabeled as
such.
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PRACTICALNO.
8

Insertadropcap

A (droppedcapital) isalargecapital letterusedasadecorative elementat the

beginningofaparagraph orsection. Thesize ofadrop cap isusuallytwoormorelines.

Thefollowing illustration showsyouroptionsforpositioningadropcap.

WindowsmacOS

Addadropcap
1. Select the first characterofaparagraph.

2. Go to INSERT > DropCap.

3. Select the drop capoptionyouwant.

■ Tocreate adrop capthat fitswithinyourparagraph, select Dropped.
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■ Tocreate adrop capthat is inthe margin, outsideof your

paragraph, select Inmargin.

Removeadropcap
1. Highlightthelarge drop capletter.
2. Go to INSERT > DropCap, andselect None.
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Unit 2 - MS Excel
Practical 1: Format Cell
Do the following
• Create a table with Student Name and Marks
• Change the background color of head Cells to Blue and text color to white Write
steps also To format the Cell
• Step 1: select the cell which you want to format
• Step 2: go to home tab
• Step 3: In home tab go to font Group
• Step 4: click on Fill color option and select color for background (fig. 1.1.1) Step 4: now
click on Font color option for text color (fig. 1.1.2)
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Font Color
Fill Color

Practical 2: Conational Formatting

Do the following
• Create a Mark sheet
• Set the condition when the marks are less than 33 change the background color to red
& when the marks are greater than 90 change the background color to green Write steps
also To format the Cell
• Step 1: select the cell which you want to format
• Step 2: go to home tab
• Step 3: In home tab go to style Group
• Step 4: click on Conditional formatting option (fig. 2.1)
• Step 5: form drop down click on Highlight Cell Rules (fig. 2.2)
• Step 6: form next drop down click on greater than for green formatting (fig.
2.3)
• Step 7: on popup box set the value and format option (fig. 2.4)
• Step 8: repeat step 5 and then click on Less than for red formatting (fig. 2.5) Fig 2.1

Conditional
Formatting
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Fig
2.2

Click on Highlight Cell rules

Click on Greater than for 90 +

condition
Fig 2.3

Click on less than for 33 -

condition
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Fig 2.4

Fig 2.5

Output

Practical 3: Sort and Filter

Do the following

• Create a list of T-shirts with prize

• Add filter button for it
• Write steps also
To add filter
• Step 1: select the data which you want
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• Step 2: go to home tab

• Step 3: In home tab go to Editing Group Step 4: click on the Sort & filter
Step 5: from dro p down select filter
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Practical 4: Quick access tool bar

default location: Upper-left corner above the ribbon

To customize the Tool bar, click on drop down Icon

Drop Down Icon

Practical 5: Graph Representation

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Step 1: go to insert tab

Step 2: In INSERT tab Go to Charts Group (Fig 5.1)

Step 3: now you have all Options and types related to chart, pick one according to your Need (Fig 5.2) Fig

5.1

Fig 5.2

Practical 6: Advance Option (Macro)

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Step 1: create sample Data

Step 2: Turn on Developer Tab

• Right-click on the ribbon, anywhere and select (by clicking) Customize the ribbon.

• Navigate to Customize the ribbon and place a check on the Developer checkbox.

Step 4: Record a Macro

On the Developer tab, go to Code group and click Record macro.

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he Record Macro dialog box will appear. Give your macro a name and assign the shortcut
which will activate the macro. Click Ok.

Note: Every step you perform from now on will be recorded by the macro.

Let’s now add headers and format them with some colors.
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Once you are done, go back to the developer tab and click stop
recording.

Now you can use your recorded macro any time

Practical 7: logical and Text functions.

Do the following

• Enter the data of 5 student’s Use sum formula

• Create If condition for grade
• Find the percentage
Ans.
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=SUM(F3:J3) =K3/5 =IF(L3>=70, "Pass",fail)

=IF(L3>=80,"A",IF(L3>=70,"B",IF(L3>=60, "c")))
Practical 8: Yearfrac function with Table
Get the Difference between Two Dates

Step 1: create data

Step 2: Add Yearfrac function in c2 cell

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PRACTICAL NO.1
POWER POINT
PRESENTATION
Computer HardwareBasics

Hardware – any physical device or equipment used in or with a computer system(anything you
can see and touch).

Externalhardware

• External hardware devices (peripherals) – any hardware device that is located outside thecomputer.

• Input device – a piece of hardware device which is used to enter information to a computer for
processing.

• Examples: keyboard, mouse, trackpad (or touchpad), touchscreen, joystick, microphone, lightpen,
webcam, speech input, etc.

• Output device – a piece of hardware device that receives information from a computer.

• Examples: monitor, printer, scanner, speaker, display screen (tablet, smartphone …), projector,head
phone, etc.
 Page 52 of 93

Internal hardware

• Internal hardware devices (or internal hardware components) – any piece of hardware devicethat is
located inside the computer.

• Examples: CPU, hard disk drive, ROM, RAM, etc.

Computer Software Basics

Computersoftware

• Software – a set of instructions or programs that tells a computer what to do or how to performa specific
task (computer software runs on hardware).

• Main types of software – systems software and application software.

Applicationsoftware
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• Application software – a computer program that provides users with tools to accomplish aspecific
task.

• Examples of application software: word processing, spreadsheets, presentation, database

management, Internet browsers, email programs, media players, accounting, pronunciation,
translation, desktop publishing, enterprise, etc.

SystemSoftware

System software – it is designed to run a computer’s hardware and application software, and
make the computer system available for use. It serves as the interfacebetween hardware,
application software, and the user.

• Main functions of system software – allocating system resources, managing storage space,storing and
retrieval of files, providing security, etc.

• Main types of systems software – operating system, device driver, utility software,
programming software, etc.

Operating system (OS) – a software that controls and coordinates the computer hardware
devices and runs other software and applications on a computer. It is themain part of system
software and a computer will not function without it.

• Main functions of an operating system – booting the computer, managing system resources(CPU,
memory, storage devices, printer, etc.), managing files, handling input and
output, executing and providing services for application software, etc.

• Examples of operating system: Microsoft Windows, Apple iOS, Android OS, macOS, Linux, etc.

Device driver – a software program that is designed to control a particular hardwaredevice that
is attached to a computer.
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• The main purpose of device driver – it acts as a translator between the hardware device and
operating systems or applications that use it.

• It instructs computer on how to communicate with the device by translating the operating system’s
instructions into a language that a device can understand in order to perform the
necessary task.

• Examples of device driver: printer driver, display driver, USB driver, sound card driver,
motherboard driver, ROM driver, etc.

Utility software – a type of system software that helps set up, analyze, configure,
strengthen, maintain a computer and performs a very specific task (e.g. antivirus software,
backup software, memory tester, screen saver, etc.).
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PRACTICAL
NO.2SLIDE
DESIGN
How to Add different Slide Designs in MS PowerPoint?
• Last Updated : 29 Nov, 2021
· Read

· Discuss

Microsoft PowerPointisa presentationoftopicsthatallowsustocreate

“ presentation slides” thatcanbedisplayed on thecomputerscreenoron a widescreen.
APowerPointpresentationisagood waytoconveyinformationtoa largeaudience.
Ithelpsincreating atopicinapropermannerbyproviding various featureslikeediting,graphical
animations,andmanymore.Auserdoesnothaveto carryaround anyslidesorslideprojector,
and, ifnecessary, canmakeany
last-minute changestothepresentation.

FeaturesofMSPowerPointare:
1. Slide Design
2. Animations
3. Insert Icons, and 3Dmodels
4. Video Recording
5. Slide Layout
6. Slide Transitions
7. Visual effectsetc.

Whatare SlideDesigns inMS PowerPoint?

Microsoft PowerPointhasaspecial featuretorepresent ourpresentationslidesin avery

attractiveway. Basically, slidedesignisagraphicalrepresentationof themes, colors, layouts,
fonts, and manymore. Withthehelpofdesigns, wecan choosedifferent
typesofslidesthemespresent inthe Microsoft PowerPoint.
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MS PowerPoint contains awiderangeofthemes, colors, layouts, fonts, designs,and

manymore. Soyoushould useslidethemesin yourpresentation.
Wecanalsocreateormodifyourowndesignin MSPowerPoint.

Somedifferenttypesofslidedesignsare:
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StepstoAddSlideDesigns

Step1: Onthenavigationmenu barselect the design option.

Step2: Underthe themes section clickonthe drop-downarrow toextendthedesignmenuasshown:

Step3: A themesmenu will beopen whereyoucanchoosedifferenttypesofsidedesign,

layout, etc.
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Step4: Now selecttheslidedesign ofyourchoice.

Step5: Then Right-click ontheslidedesign, amenuwillpopup onthescreenas

shown:
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Step6: Selects applytoallslides option.

Note: Ifyouwanttoaddtheslidedesignonlyinoneoranyparticularslidethenselectthe
(applytoselectedslide)optionasshowninthefigure:
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Finally, slidedesignisapplied tothepresentation.

HowtoModifytheSlideDesign Color,Style,andVariants?

Step1: Underthe variant sectionclickonthe drop-downarrow buttonasshown:

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Step2: Tochangethecoloroftheslideclickonthe color option.

Step9: A listofcolors panelwillopenwhereyou canselect different typesofcolors

fromthecolorpanel.
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Step10: Selectthe slidecolor ofyourchoice.

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Step11: Next clickonthe Fonts optionwhereyoucanchoosedifferent typesoffontstyles.

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Step12: A listofFontstyles will open asshowninthefigure:

Step13: Selectthe Fontstyle ofyourchoice.

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Step14: Nowclickon the backgroundstyles optionwhereyoucanchoosedifferent

typesofthebackgroundstylefortheslide.
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Step15: Selectthe backgroundstyle ofyourchoice.

Finally, yourslidedesignisreadyforuse.
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Thesearesomeofthestepstoinsertslidedesignsin MSPowerPoint Presentation.

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PRACTICAL NO,3
BACKGROUND SETTING
ChangethebackgroundofyourslidesinPowerPointfortheweb

InPowerPoint fortheweb, you candobasic backgroundformatting ofoneor moreslideswith asolidcolor or

apicture.Todomore advancedformatting, such as addingacolorgradient or makingapicturetransparent,
usethe desktopversionofPowerPoint on Windows or macOS.

Formattheslidebackgroundwithcolor

Youcanfillthebackgroundwith asolidcolor.PowerPoint for theweb doesn't supportgradientfills

forslidebackgrounds.

Ifyou wouldliketohave gradient fills in PowerPointfor theweb,please letusknowby providing usfeedback.

See HowdoIgivefeedbackonMicrosoftOffice? formoreinformation.

1. Onthe Design tab, select FormatBackground.

2. Select SolidFill,andpickacolorfromthe gallery.

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(Toresetthebackgroundtoitspreviousstate,select Home > Undo .)

3. Ifyou want tohaveall slideshavethissamebackgroundcolor,on the Design tab,select

FormatBackground> ApplytoAll.

Formattheslidebackgroundwithaphoto

Whenyouinserta pictureasabackground,PowerPoint for theweb resizestheimageasbest asit

cantofilltheentire areaoftheslide. Forbest results,choosea picturethathasthesame orientationasyour
slides.

1. Onthe Design tab, select FormatBackground.

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2. Select PictureFromFile.

(Toresetthebackgroundtoitspreviousstate,select Home > Undo .)

3. Tomakeallslideshavethissamebackgroundpicture, on the Design tab,select

FormatBackground,andthenselect ApplytoAll.

PowerPoint for theweb supportsthefollowing pictureformats: .jpg, .jpeg, .png,.gif,.bmp,.wmf,.emf,.tif,

and.tiff.

PowerPoint for thewebdoesn't havetheabilitytomakeapicture transparent.Use the desktopPowerPoint

appifyouwanttomakeabackgroundpicturetransparent.

PowerPoint for thewebdoesn't havetheability toremovea picture's background.UsethedesktopPowerPoint

apptoremoveapicture'sbackground.

Removeaslidebackground

Youcanremovewhateverslidebackgroundyoucurrently havebyresetting toasolidwhite background:

1. Onthe Design tab, select FormatBackground.

2. Select SolidFill,andpick White,Background1 atthetopleftcornerofthecolorgallery.
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PRACTICAL NO.4
AUTOMATIC PLAY WITH
Createaself-runningpresentation

Youcanuseaself-runningpresentationtorununattendedina
boothorkioskatatradeshoworconvention, or you can saveitasa
videoandsendittoaclient.
Windows macOS

1. Onthe SlideShow tab,click SetUpSlideShow.

2. Under Showtype, pickoneofthefollowing:
■ Toallowthepeoplewatching your slideshowto
havecontroloverwhentheyadvancetheslides, select
Presentedbyaspeaker(fullscreen).
■ Topresentyourslideshowina window,where

control overadvancing theslidesisnotavailable

tothepeople watching,select Browsedbyan
individual(window).
■ Toloop your slideshowuntilthepeoplewatching
press Esc, select Browsedatakiosk(fullscreen).
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Rehearseandrecordslidetimings

Whenyouchoosethefollowing showtypes: Presentedbyaspeaker(full

screen) and Browsedatakiosk(fullscreen), you’ ll want to rehearse and record timings for
effectsand slides.

1. Onthe SlideShow tab,click RehearseTimings.

Note: Thepresentation timerbegins immediatelywhen youclick RehearseTimings.

The Rehearsal toolbarappearsand the SlideTime boxbeginstimingthepresentation.

Figure: The Rehearsal toolbar

Next (advance to nextslide)

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Pause

Slide Time

Repeat

Total presentationtime

2. Whiletimingyourpresentation, youcandooneormoreof the followingonthe

Rehearsal toolbar:
■ Tomovetothenext slide, click Next.
■ Totemporarily stoprecordingthetime, click Pause.
■ Torestartrecording the timeafterpausing, click Pause.
■ Tosetanexactlengthoftimeforaslidetoappear, typethelength
oftimeinthe SlideTime box.
■ Torestartrecording the timeforthecurrent slide, click Repeat.
3. Afteryouset the timeforthelastslide, amessage boxdisplaysthetotal time
forthepresentation and promptsyoutodoone ofthefollowing:
■ Tokeep the recorded slide timings, click Yes.
■ Todiscardtherecordedslidetimings, click No.

Slide Sorter viewappears anddisplaysthe timeofeachslide in

yourpresentation.

Addnarrationorsound

Torecordanarration, yourcomputerrequiresasoundcardand amicrophone, anda

microphoneconnectorifthemicrophone isnotapart ofyourcomputer.

1. Onthe SlideShow tab, inthe SetUp group, clickthearrow onthe RecordSlideShow

button.
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2. Selectoneofthefollowing:
■ StartRecordingfromBeginning
■ StartRecordingfromCurrentSlide
3. Inthe RecordSlideShow dialogbox,selectthe Narrationsandlaser
pointer check box, andifappropriate,selectordeselect the Slide
andanimationtimings checkbox.
4. Click StartRecording.
Tips:

■ To pausethenarration, inthe Recording shortcutmenuin SlideShow view,click

Pause. And to resumeyournarration, click ResumeRecording.

■
5. Toend yourslideshowrecording,right-clickthe slide,andthen
click EndShow.
6. The recorded slide showtimings areautomaticallysaved andthe
slideshowappearsin Slide Sorter viewwithtimingsbeneatheach slide.
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PRACTICAL NO.6
CUSTOM ANIMATION
Customize an Animation
1. Select an object with an animation applied.

2. Click the Animations tab.

3. Click the Effect Options button.

The options available in the menu will vary based on the animationyou're
using and the object you’re animating.

4. Select an effect option.

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Motion Paths
If you don't like the standard animations PowerPoint has, you can create andcustomize
your own motion path instead.

1. Select the slide with the object you want to animate.

2. Select the object you want to animate.

3. Click the Animation Styles button on the Animations tab.

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4. Select a motion path.

5. Click the Effect Options button.

6. Select an effect option.

7. Customize the effect as needed.

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PRACTICAL NO.7

AddWordArt
■ Select Insert > WordArt andchoosethestyleyouwant.

ConverttexttoWordArt
1. Selectthetext.
2. Selectthe Format tab andchoosethestyle you want.

CustomizeyourWordArt
■ Select TextFill, TextOutline, or TextEffects andchoosean
option.
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Drag thetextboxhandletoresizeandenhancetheeffect.

Toplacethetextbehindtheimage, right-clickthetextandselect
SendtoBack.
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Unit-4
Practical 1: create a company .

How to create a company in Tally

Step 1: In tally, after login double click on the create company option under company information. The
following navigation path is used to create the company in Tally:

Gateway of Tally → Company Info → Create Company

Step 2: The following screen displays the company creation window

Note: Use the Arrow key, Tab key, Mouse, or Enter key to navigate between the fields in Tally.

Step 3: Enter the "Company's Mailing Name". This is an important field because it shows all the printouts.
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Step 4: Enter the "Company's Full Address". This is shown on all printouts. Thus it is an important field.

Step 5: Choose the "Name of the Country" as India from the given countries list.

Step 6: Choose the "State" from the given list of states.

Step 7: Update the "Company's Pin Code", where it is located.

Step 8: Update the "Telephone Number"/ landline of the company.

Step 9: Update the "E-Mail id" and "Website" of the company.

Step 10: Update the financial year starting date of the company. In India, the financial year of the
company starts on 1st April and ends on 31st March.

Practical 2: create a single and multiple group.

Gateway of Tally → Inventory Info → Stock Groups → Single Stock Group → Create

In Tally ERP 9, use the following step by step procedure for the creation of a single stock group.

Step 1: Choose Inventory Info under the Gateway of Tally.

Step 2: In the next section, choose Stock Groups under Inventory Info.

Step 3: Choose 'Create' option under a single stock group to create a single stock group as per the
company requirement.

Step 4: Enter the following details in the next screen "Single Stock Group Creation".
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1. Name: Specify the stock group name that has to be created in Tally. In the following image, we
have given Television as a new single stock group.
2. Under: In this, choose the stock group as primary.
3. Should quantities of items to be added: In this, choose Yes option.

Gateway of Tally → Inventory Info →

Stock groups → Multiple stock groups →
Create

2 Step 2: Under Inventory Info, choose the Stock Groups option.

3 tep 3: It displays two types of groups under Stock Groups.

1. Single stock group

2. Multiple stock groups

In Tally, we already created single stock groups. Here we will

create multiple stock groups. Now, under multiple stock
groups, choose the 'Create' option.
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Step 4: Under the List of Groups, we need to choose the Group. Here we have given Television as under
Group.

Step 5: Now, we will update the Stock Group, as shown below.

Stock Group Name Under Should Quantities of Items be Added

Sony Tv Television Yes

Samsung Tv Television Yes

Xiami Tv Television Yes

Philips Tv Television Yes

In Tally, after maintaining the required details for the creation of multiple stock groups, choose A:
Accept to save the configured details.

Practical 3: single and multiple ledgers.

Step 1: Use the following path to create ledger accounts in Tally

Gateway of Tally → Accounts Info → Ledgers → Single Ledger → Choose Create

Step 2: Click on Accounts Info under Gateway of Tally screen.

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Step 3: Choose Ledger option under Account Info.

Step 4: Under Single Ledger, choose the option Create

Step 5: Update the following details on Ledger creation screen.

Name: Specify the unique name of the ledger account.

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Under: Under List of Groups, choose the group name that pertains to the ledger account.

In Tally, choose the "Yes" option under Accept to save the configured details.

Multiple ledger
Step 1: Goto Gateway of Tally and then choose Accounts Info as follows:

Step 2: Choose the option Ledgers under Accounts Info.

Step 3: Under multiple ledgers, click on Create option to create multi ledgers in Tally
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Step 4: Enter the following details under a multi ledger creation screen.

Under Group: Under the list of Groups, choose the Bangalore Debtors. However, we can search the
group by entering the group name under the group text field.

Step 5: Update the following details under the Group Bangalore Debtors screen

Practical 4:
Create Purchase Voucher in Tally
Use the step by step process to create the purchase voucher in Tally.

Screen: Gateway of Tally

Path: Tally Main → Gateway of Tally

Step 1:
To enter the voucher creation screen, select the menu option 'Accounting Vouchers'.
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Screen: Accounting voucher creation

Path: Gateway of Tally → Accounting Voucher Creation

Step 2:
Button → 'Purchase': Click on the button or press F9, if Tally is not already in 'Purchase Voucher' mode.

Step 3:
Field → 'Supplier's Invoice Number':Enter the invoice number. The invoice no can be found on the invoice,
which is given by the supplier.

Step 4:
Field → 'Date':Specify the date of the supplier's invoice.

Step 5:
Field → 'Name of Party Account': Choose the relevant vendor name from whom purchases have been made.

Step 6:
Field → 'Purchase Ledger': Under the list, choose a purchase account.

Step 7:
Field → 'Name of Item': Choose the stock item that has been purchased.

Step 8:
Field → 'Quantity': Specify the quality of the purchased stock items.

Step 9:
Field → 'Rate': Specify the price of per unit at which the stock item was purchased.

Step 10:
Field → 'per': Specify the UOM relevant to this stock item. The UOM was selected when creating this stock
item 'master'. Note that Tally proposes the UOM.

Step 11:
Filed → 'Amount': Tally multiplies the rate fields and quantity and proposes the amount automatically.

Step 12:
Filed → 'Name of Item':If we have purchased more than one stock item from the vendor in the same invoice,
choose another stock item. Else, choose 'End of List'.

Step 13:
Field → 'Name of Item': If another set of items need to be entered in a different purchase ledger, choose
another purchase ledger. Else, choose 'End of List'.

Step 14:
Field → 'Narration': Specify a narration if needed.

Step 15:
'Accept' or 'Reject' the entered data so far.
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Screen: Gateway of Tally

Path: Tally Main → Gateway of Tally

Step 16:
Choose the menu item 'Display' to see the impact of the voucher entry on the relevant ledgers.

Path: Gateway of Tally → Display Menu

Step 17:
Choose the menu item 'Account Books'.

Path: Gateway of Tally → Display Menu → Account Books

Step 18:
Choose the menu item 'Ledger'.

Screen: Select Item

Path: Gateway of Tally → Display Menu → Account Books → Select Item

Step 19:
Field → 'Name of Ledger': Choose the relevant account, and that ledger will be displayed.

Screen: Ledger Vouchers

Path: Gateway of Tally → Display Menu → Account Books → Ledger Vouchers

Step 20:
Now, we can see that the ledger of the vendor has been credited because of the purchased voucher. In the
purchased account, the corresponding debit entry can be found.

Screen: Select Item

Path: Gateway of Tally → Display Menu → Account Books → Select Item

Step 21:
Choose the relevant purchase account.

Step 22:
Using the account, the purchase account has been debited.

Screen: Gateway of Tally

Path: Gateway of Tally → Display Menu

Step 23:
Select 'Trial Balance' from 'Display Menu' to see the impact on the 'Trial Balance'.
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Step 24:
Button → 'Debited': The trial balance is displayed condensed mode by default. In condensed mode, only the
account groups are displayed. Click on the button named 'Detailed' or press 'Alt+F1' to see the details.

Practical 9: enable inventory option.

You can configure the details you want in the masters over and above those provided by default.
You can access the F12: Configure screen from accounts masters and inventory masters when
required.

1. Go to Gateway of Tally > F12: Configure > Accts/Inventory Info . The Master
Configuration screen appears as shown below:

2. Enable the option Provide language aliases for names? to enter the Alias names in any of
the Indic Languages in the Master .
3. Enable the option Provide addresses for ledger accounts? to enter the Mailing Details in
the ledger master. It is useful for Customer ledgers, Party ledgers or Bank
Accounts . Mailing Details like Name , Address , State , PIN Code and PAN / IT No. is
entered in this section.
4. Enable the option Provide advanced information in masters? to enter some of
the advanced information in the ledger and group master. This information will be reflected in
the reports.
5. Enable the options, if required.
6. Press Ctrl+A to accept.

Practical 4: contra voucher.

CASH
DEPOSIT
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CASH WITHDRWAL

FUND TRANSFER