Problem 4.1 ul AL Amassof 3 kg falls freely a distance of 5 mr betore contact ing a spring attached to the pround, If the spring stiffness is 400 Nim, what isthe maximum sprig sompeessin? Giver Data on mass and ering Find: Maximum spring compression Solution: Tregivenduinis | M = Ske heSm k= 400 m /ApPly the Fist Law of Thermodynamics fo the sytem consisting ofthe mass an the spring the spring has. gavobion zeit eneray andthe spring este pont energy) Tolal mechanical energy at inital state Epo Meh Lee Total mechanical energy at instant of maximum compression x B= Macalt Skew Note: The datum for zer0 potential is the top ofthe uncompressed spring Bu 80 Solving for x m dadegs oat 3kg x 9815 x BO GOON ( eex9a1 934m [Note that ignoring the loss of peterial of the mass due to spring compression x gives «FREE sam Note thatthe deflection ifthe mass is dropped (rom immediately above the spring is 2Me Kk M49Problem 4.2 Given: Six~pack tasked fam 28% to S% sn freager. Find: Change in secctfri entropy. Sotution: Appig the Téa equation ; Seer) Basic equation: Ta = du + eget Assumptions: (1) Neglect volume change. 0) Liguid properties Are S/niiar to wate Then Tda = du = Sy oT or ean Oy Integrating, 2278, = GrhndT ) = HAL on (27348 ), HL Wk Wes" hea Azmi, = — 2A ET Nig. OFProblem 4.3 fea} 4.3. A fully Jonded Boeing 777-200 jet wansport airerat weighs 325,000 kg. The pilot brings the 2 engines to Jul! ket thrust of 450 KN each before releasing the brakes, Neglecting agrtalymami and rolling resistance, estimate the minimum runscay Jength and time needed to reach a takeot! spect of 225 kph, Assume engine ‘Thrust remains Constara Mg prOUNG Yo Given: Data on Boeing 777-200 jet Find: Minimum runway lengti for takeoff Solution: Basic equation constant Note thatthe "weight" is already in mass units! Separating variables y Integrating xo 2 km km x= $3250 Pkg x {2582 eR 747m he 1000 m % For time ealeulation avs tat M Integra fn ae F 5 en 1k Ns b= 3256 tog < 2258 thm, 1s a 12285, he” 1000.” 36005 “3 age ee N hem Aerodynamic and rolling resistances would significantly increase bork these resultsProblem 4.4 Given: Sman steel bail of radius sr, atop large sphere of racus, R; begins te roll. Neglech roiling and air resis tanct. Fird: Location where ban hoses contact and becomes & praseckile. Solution: Sum frrees 10 To rhas Position a “ 1 direchon 3 f? Fn = fy ~ g.coSG = MG Vv > Qontact is lost when Fr, or 1g. 0038 =~ mv oF (Rt) or vis Carr\gcoss ow Energy riust be conserved if there 1s 0 resis tance, Thas 2 E= mgs + my = mglRtr ease + oe = & = glared Thus trem entegy Consleceatons V2 = 29 (RerMi-cass) a) lombeming 69S | Gna 2, Vi= zg lerrlm-coss) = (Rte )gcos& or zl-cose) = 2-ZcosS = cosy Thus (os@-% and &=cos(Z) = 48.2 degrees (21,Problem 4.5 (2) Given: Aute Seite ts Slap ins 50 meters 2 level rene! cuit, IK=D.b, Find! Initial speed Sokitiea: mpoly Newstwid sccorid jaw to a System (Auto) Basic equations: OG) Fes ew OQ) MEG leer Gir POL taTOMS Thea 2F, = -F #75 G at or aK ae Tategreaurg, de a eae 7 Se egt + Cy = pugt + Va Os since VizNy at #20. Inéegrating again, Karp uge® +Vote + ee i Zugt’ + vot sine % 20 at £70. de a i Mow at x=L, SE < Ds “gt + Mo oe 4 Suwstit, ing ute 6G. %, Cateates at i> te M+ oP “9 | Soluin af 200s) 18im,56m 2 2a m)s | 9 st 1 or a Sh SSG ReineRoblem 4-6 46 Ay at 20°C and an absolute feof atm compressed achabaticatly : host fuetion , Lo an absolube preesiie of alm Delermne the internal eneigy change Given + Data on air Compresoion precess Find + Internal cnecey change Solution = Basie cquation bQ- SW = dE Assumptions © : Adiabatic so 5@=0 2) Stabonsry 5 m de du ©). Frctionless process SW = pdV = Mpdv Then dU = = SW = -Mpdv Before integrating wx need to relate pand v. An adabatic fretionless, Creversible) process 1s incalropic , conch for an ideal gas owes pvt ie where k = OP X Loot t Hence Yack PR and dye CR bop Substituting du= dU 2 -pdy = -p-C% Integrating betwce Tntagrating between Ausket a We Ci pp = py e Raw T Bot CK p Heme ay = Raw “eye ‘| ket Pr From Table A€ Rair = 266-7T kee K and k= eh ey Au = 1 4 286-4 I/ke-K x (204275) k x { (3) v0 i facuauare Vez) ey aus 175 x10" IgProblem 457 AT Ty an experiment. wth a can of Soda, th teck 3 br te ceel from an inital femperatore of 24C te 10'¢ i a 4'C refagerator Tf the can is nace faken fem the jefrigerator and placed in 8 tccm at 20% hoc long tat the can take fo reach 19°C ? You may asoume that for beth processes the heat transfer 18 modeled by =k CT-Tamb) , where Tie the can iemperatore . Tame ambient Lemperatre , and k ie a heat transfer ceefficient 15 the Given: Data on cooling of a can af sed in a refrigerator Find : Hew long ib rakes fe cam ep in a teem Solution = The Fiesk Law cf Thermodynamics for the ex Ceither eoarmiag or ceeling’) 1% Me. At ok: (1 Tam : (1 Ten yor a 2cA. (7 Tam ) where As Kk Me where Min the can mass, ¢ tS the average speesfic heat of the can Gnd sts contents, T % the temperatere , and Tam is Me ambient. temperatore Seperating variables dt eee ae nee T-Tanb x Ak Tnegraling Tee Tame * (Tint * Tam) © where Tint is the initial temperature The available data frem the cechng can now be used Le abtain a value for conslant AEqnen dala for cooling (244 298). Tine = 207K Tame > (4+ 213), K Tank > 207K (lot 273) 2 283K when t= T= Shr Hence A» ) = x bbe ty Patou ts «lots Sahe BEC. 283-207 Tren, for the sarmag vp prec es Tint = (io + 273). K Tint = 283K Tank = (20+ 213). Kk Tame > 298 6 Tend © C8215) K Tye 28a eth Tg = Tant # (Tat = Ta) 78 Hence the time T is c Te ) Tend ~ Tames : bn (2-288 eee 298 > 62 x10°s Tos ete beProblem 4.8 4488 The average rate of beat lows Gu a pesun to the sutround ings when aot setively working is about SIW. Suppose that in an auditoriuin with volunte of approsinsaely 3.3% 10° my eontain- ing 6000 people. the ventilation system fils. How anuct does the internal energy of ther inthe audicorium increase during the dst SS min fle the venation system tas? Considering the auditor. jum and people 2s a system. and assuine no heat Iraaser to the surroundings, now ach does the iternal energy of the system change? How do you account forthe Fact that the temperature ef the air increases? Estimate the rate of temperature rise under these conditions. Given: Data on heat loss from persons, and people-filled auditorium Find: Inwernal energy change of air and of system: sir tempersture rise Sofution: Basic equation Q-W= aE ‘Assumptions: 1) Stationary system dF “dl. 2) No work W= 0. w eas ‘Then for the air AU=Q=85 % 6000-people x 15-min x 2S AU = 459Mi person nin For the air and people AU = Qsurroundings “The increase in air energy is equal and opposite to dhe loss in people energy For the air AU=Q but fori (an deal gus) AU= Mey AT with = M= pV Weence FomTieas yy 2069 and . kek 69 4505. 168 Q0+2791K x —t Ars 151K “i ol « 10 This is the temperature change in 15 min. ‘The rate of change is thenProblem 4.9 (9) Pant 12 | Given) Akaminuas buerage C40, me =209,D>b5 mm, Hsllomm, | Masimun torte, level is hmas, bohen “Wy = 254 mb of beverage 58 0f beverage 1s 1.08. Find: (a) Center of mass, Ye, vs. level, h, (8) Plot 28s mninimam for &) Level for tease tenvency b Hi. C40 Ge tip (aot shite) | CG) Minimum coetficitar of Fri hori, aS Afune ten of A | As, tor #iall can 70 hp, not Siok beverage feye! ican. | | Solution: My = SEPM, = 1Sct095 seume, om? = 3729 (max) ear? Pat j 4, a be Hew asy ml, Z ax TD* S\* em | At any leven ig= 2 My 5 molgh = ble) 229 3.49 nlm) From moment eonsiderahons, dea = Zig Bie = Lfh(a474) + Weoleo)] « L(o.47H* «200 M = Mote = 3.07 + 20 2 SYTHE 2499 6944 40 ge Gh ia mm) ue ee 2@umn) re 2G 2 4 eNbag) SPR ACO _ Bah +90 Gavn soy Using the quadratic frymeia, = fepainacesaen hb by (ak Ye rain) = L278 FV Grey + 4041915100 24.2 mam Cyelnarr 2 (24.1) Plotting, “a % ry 0 6G halght, y (mn) 0 2 4 t0t0 Beverage love (mmm) Next pageProblem 4.9 13] Part 21 Draw a Free beck; Hagran of the can at tipping: IA, = Bt max Dh | - y lhe: | [Lk + Fang = riay <0 = i 7 jet [Ev | Fa tog ° g e / ™g or Fe {Fn Since Fp Shy Fn tht My Fy Fa u : me EE | sumeiag mements about point 0: center | | = of EM, =y. ma, ~ 2, <0 eaten | } or Yea, ~ B Fn | i | i But Mey & ths Fr, 22 Xe : \ cfs These tip | : | Ast Ey, As eee ie i Plettiag, 20 eee] i io fist eal 2 Bo | § ' 5 ~~ | Zoos | | a | oo | om 0 © 0 10 1% i coger | | For the full can with yo = 53,6 mor, L, osm He [Ase “spp = 2 bot This valtee is much higher thea the can could develop. Therctire the C40 bil pot Hip; (+ Lill Shicle The corre sponcting Reeeieretan 's ax bsg = 0-593 m/s*Problem 4.10 By $10 The velocity lek! iv the region shown KW given by v + bk where a = 10s! and b = 5 vs. Por the Fim x 1 ar contrat eine «depth w= 1 m perpeniculae ra the ment of agca may be aepresented by Jan element of acea by wa ‘a. Find an expression for Y + Ay. b. Evaluate fat) ay . Find anexpwession foe» dip A Find an expression for VUV + diy Evaluate 00 » ad) ‘Given: Data on velocity field and control volume geometry Find: Several surface integrals Solution: i =-aj-+ ak i, = 3 F =(osj+si) 10ze: + Say @ tee fares 9 ) (9) Pedty =(t03)-+ 58} (ei) 0sae ()— F%-48,)=bosj+siho: © [PRan)- {os +s8)one =Frcbbens Gt 4h The chaded area shoeon 2 in a floc here the velocity field 16 gnen by Lo Us act typ 5 aeb = ts! *, q and the ‘ tm Gn ceorlnales ate measured in meters . Evaluate x 18m te volume flece vale and he powentem flax Hreough the shaded ated Given : Geometry cf 3D suiface Find : Volume flocs rate and momentum fivx through aea Solutio dA = dado} « dedyk 7 «asl - oy We ili need the equation of the suiface + er ye eke 4). Velume flew rate Q= \y da “Jay. (dedej + dacdyh J | - yaeax PY yas = [oscie-zejde p o4 = She + bet ° Qs (4ae rods) ofby Moment. flux ae aa) = rfc gh) (-gdedz) af Jaws 22)del + F focve-sssg cil-ak lee Bt sfrenease gh = £45) (162-08) t +P (2(2t6- 206 +0912) )f F-5eKs Fl 2416 PF (82% if Sis wis) z =Soiion. Problem 4.12 Gren: Conteh asd SR \tneas ~se) dadictodticy ——- Tass SEeG os OFF a7 | Seon. Hecate ; y wt ands ed Schuur Goro volte. Sand een ®Q Norges Reongd oe Be adn Gas vole oe rai wefou © as Wee vows Sat enn Nae Bak Goad Sate el as - ¥8na Mane Nos why. Re mrometinn Tas gen by AE = (GSS) ue ons ‘ n= Cas Ce a- eet C day ee at nee & WH? onan TadProblem 4.13 BI 4.13 The area shown shaded is in flow where the velocity Held is given by V = —wri + byj tekia=b = 26 bande = 25 mh, Weite a vector expression for an element of the shaded area, i Evaluate the integrals [P+ dd and [Vi" + ay over ae shaded are. Given: Gcomeuy 0130 surface Find: Surface integrals Solution: dA = dydzi ~ dds VP =~axi + byj tek xi + 2yj + 2.5K We will need the equationof the susie: y Peas Forx 5 [i axi + ayj +8) (avaci ~aeaej) - Jr ands |fovate fet: vdy sje? dy = als roi [ Q-(-6a-6b) o-e We wll agin nee the equstion ofthe surface: =x or x2 paandalso dy=2ds and a= b [P07 -a)= ax + b0f ~ eb ari + by) +08): (avdei — aa) = [|Ceasi + bn +e \-axdhete— byte) = {[-ad Basi ef lacZ — abate} Ml 2 2 J = fants ay) eof sac)Problem 4.14 Gren: Flew and CY of Problem 4.12, as shown Width = w Find: Expressien tor kincht enwgy thx thirovegh Cross ~ Seton OQ oF cv, 2 Sluhen: Kine hé energy flux 1s kehined as kef ~f Lp0-ot Mock! Ire vekerty Protik as u~VE, shea OV ees Veo vee Veue vet; Wave Sines Flow 1s wrk tee ty, Vid --udA ~ VE rely Subst ering, h ~{vV var 2 ket > [PE yf py zurdy} = PLE [yea ALE = Oar wy? fet = 6 2uzh ? ae eee Check dimensions [rce]= Fue e) = é Tine (2) ketProblem 4.15 a Goren: Meloctiy duieioulion Sor Vamos flan a a Nong cwenbor Ah 3 Beaten fs- VTE cohere Woe Ke Lube codios Brabucte: eh Re Sdnure Gow cate ans OS Re un Ron + ronan a wan nomad Yo ne BRE OARS SolGion: We sd Gao cde any, SR = fom [BN] veweart (pend, dae bere = U2 8 vote EL crete = nag 20 {g- fl = ea 2e |S = S. as = buee? ee Ke erst Kan &_apsen Sag S36 ey. See SYR one ee ta) * + ~ Tone she { { tana B06 \r-R \a\ = a ae (* Ce EE Nac iE « a § aR) SeProblem 4.16 Given! Ve btity profile 17 & circular tebe, Vrut ~Umex[i-Gy Je Beg Heeee Pos Find | Expression for kinetic G1egyy thax, Ket =) Vip Ved ei Solution: VED. + tet [-Gy} = Uriael XE)? HB] dA = arrdee pares Baie r Thea ke -f Me 7 3 Bilin gyre 5") pereumanl!(e]ar 3 a ‘ ~ TP Uovas f [i-2B)* + 2" -Gy* Jrec , ~ Tenax af tin aey 38)" 1B] EME + puna CL LE)* 205)" fat aay - FUR) = TR Cina 2B t EH #) & ket = TR'QU men ?Problem 4-17 ANT A farmer 45. opragimg a tiquid through 16 nogsles , 3 mm 1D, at an average cit velocity of % m/s What i the average velecity in the 25mm TD head feeder ? Ist ss the system flow tale , in tfoy 2 Given + Data en flow through nossles Find + Average velocity im head feeder > flow cate Solution : Basie equation (BRj 0 G Assumptions + 1). steady flow 2) Tncompressible floc 9). Umform flow Then for the nossle floc 2. ¢ v A) feeder A gender FE 10-Vnoz2le Angzale pee cs Hence Vjeeder = Vnozate * I-Aneeste Mate ( c y Afjecder Viens = mfp sts 3) Vjeeder = 0432 mje &> Vater Afeater = Vfeeder * 2 Dieeter” a 4 or mys 28 (25 0m 0 Im x HOL y bos q a ace me iemnseeeH ewan: G+ 1212 YunProblem 4.18 Br 4.18 A cylindrical holding water tank has a 3 m ID. ant a height ‘of 3 m, There is one inlet wf diameter 10 cm, an exit of diameter cm, anu drain, The tank is iniially empty when the inlet pump is turned on, proslucing an average inlet velocity of Saws. Wher the level in the tank reaches 0.7 m, the exit pump tens on, causing Flow out of the exit: the exit average velocity is 3 mvs. When the ‘water level reaches 2 m the drais is epened such that the level 1e= ‘mains at 2 m, Find (a) the time at which the exit pump is switched ‘on, (0) the time at whic the drain is opered, ant (c) the Mow rate {io the drain (n'ai) Given: Data on flow into and out of tank Find: ‘Time at which exit pump is switched on: time at which drain is opened; flow rate into drain Solution: Basic equation eae Slow =o e cs, Assumptions: 1) Uniform flow 2) Incompressibe flow @ R).2 a ch Ai EEEnEOe Sancta SHEVA) eMeg EMEA COT eon a pea teen a a x a a ak eka level of water indhetark 4 Pin Mey Ain a yf Pie Ga Atank | Prank 2 Hence incta cach "0.7 mis fyq= St Pest Pan) tein = 288 lenetherine reach Ro = OF mis ye= RE = = exit” ‘drain sy ope Quin * Vin ~ Venteeblem 4.19 414 A wet coclng fewer cools warm roster by Spraying sk mle a forced diy-aw flees. Some of the csster evaporates in this aw aod is cacied ovt of the fower into the almosphete 5 the evaperation cecls the remaining water dreplels , ehich are collected at the ercit pape (150 mm 1D) Of the tower Messorements indicate the cam water mass flee rate is 315 keys and the cool coater (2K¢) flows at an aecage speed oF bTm/s in the exit pipe The flow tate of the moist air i to be obtained rom measerements of fhe ii warm cater /? \\ cool water Velocity at feer points , each representing Yu of the TEP. ae ar Stream cress -sechonal atea of 1 2m> The mest av density is 1606 kg/m? Find (a) the volume and mass flow rates of the cool ardter, cb) the masy flow Fate of fhe mort air, and (¢) the mass flow rate of the dey ow Given: Data on fio into ancl out of cooling tower Find + Volume and masa flow rate of cool water ; mass Flow tate of mest and deg oie Solution + Basic equiion F,(f.VA) =0 and at « h inlet feat — Q> VA ce Assumphions + 1). Umgorer flees 2) Trcompressble floee At the cool ester eit Weed Quel = 1800 L fmnn Beat = VA Reet * ys xt % (O15 m)The mass flow sate 5 Phat 7S Reach Maggy” HOC ke x os. m? Meat = 50 be mg = hoe 10 he cs Note + oftware does neh alec doty over forme, sem represents mass flow tle , net mass | For the an Flow ce need to use > ((V-A) =0 to balance the eter floes We have Hm * Meat + My = 0 my = 1S ky/s Tue is the mass flee: sate of wale vapor. We need fe use this bo obtain aw flow rates Fiery psychremetrics x = ty where x 1s the relative homdity Th i aléo known (try Geeghng * density of most aw’) that — fmost = Ie * ‘ ) Pay tex Rive Raw We ace given Fmeist = 06 ke /m? but here Fou dig oir we could te the weal gst equilion p= nae oy Rt atmosphere ai density (Table A-5) Perg = 2250 ben Note that most an 1s lew dense than deg air |Henec OE = vsing dale frem Table A-é 1.2250 x= Ones xe osu O48 Hence My leads to may = MY Fan May = 1S bef x 4 ge = 426 bE /s oH Finally , the mass flow rate of most aw 1s Mest = My T Maw Mi gost = 58 ke/sProblem 4.20 A university Laborabory aishes te build 9 cond tennel Variable speeds. Rather than use 4 4.20 ath variable speed fan, ib is proposed to build fhe tonne corn a sequence of three cucolar test Sechons = Section 1 will have a diameter of Sm, Section Z a chameter of CF m and Section 5 a dlameter of 6m. Tf the average Speed in Sechon 4 ig 32 Km/h , what wil be Ihe speeds i he ler too sechons ? What ill be the flow cate ( mi/o) ? Given: Data on tind tinnel geornetey Find + Average speeds in womd tunnel Solution + Basic equation qi VA Assumptions +1) Steady flow 2) Theompressible floc 5) Uniform flocs Betacen sections { and 2 q Hance Me Ve Similarly Ve th. (0.9) ot ieeePleblem 4-24 Wed Fluid cet 1040 kg fm? density 1s flowing steadily Hhreugh Ihe rectangular box Given Ay = O-046m?, A, = e009m?, A, = 0-056 m% Vow sim/s and Vz = 6faje . determne velocity iv Given: Data on flow through boa i in Aa Find + Velocity st station : Sh nl i Solution : eee Basic equation yy (VA) = cs Aosumptions © 1) steady flee 2) Tncompressible floc: 3) Umform floes Then fav the box CUA) = = Weare Ve Ae MEAs =0 ra Note that the vectors indicate Mat flow 1s im at lecatien 1 and out at location 2; we assume ovtflecs at location 3 Hence Na= WAL va AB As Rs Ny = Bem x O46 . 6m x 9.007 0.056 Prt OCSE V3 = 5 m/s Based on geomehy Vx 150 m/s Ny = -N5- C08 ( 60:deg) Wy = -0:15 m/s = 120m, — Om . s 5Problem 4.22 m 4.22 Consider steady, incompressible flow through the device ° shown, Determine the magnitude ad dietion of the volun Row Lee gp tne 02w tate through port 3 pw yea = Cys tom ‘ Ap = 0,05 mn? Given: Data on flow through device Find: Volume flow rate at port 3 Solution: Basicemation (VA és Assumptions: 1 Steady Now 2) Incompressible low 3) Uniloon flow “Then forthe box Silva) = pape vy ays Vag = -VyAL +VpA2 +O S [Note we assume outflow at port 3 B co.tan?=10- x005m Qs = -02: 5 5 $ Hence ‘The negative sign indicates the flow at port 3 is inwards Floverate al port 3is 0.2 ms inwardsProblem 4.23 425 A vice farmer needs to gill her 20,000 m? field with asster fo a depth op 76mm in Thr. Hoo many 150 mm chameter supply pipes ste needed if the average velocity in each must be less than 3mjs ? Given: \aler needs of farmer Find : Number ef !8¢ mor pipes nected Solution = Basic equation = @= VA Assumptions * 1) Steady flow 2) Tneampressible flow 3) Uneform flow fen , Q: cchere the number of ppes, Vis the average velocity 19 the pipes , and ‘D 1s Ine pipe diametor Tie flow rate is given by G@= Zoccom*xoowm 20,000" x DoT] mM x Ihe ihr V hr 3600-5 Hence he H@ voProblem 4.24 424 — Yeu are filling your car with gasoline at a rate of cvs Lit/s Aithough you cant see at the gasclne t= nomg in the tank al # ale sechonal area of HOmm per mnvie- What is the herigental cress of yor gas took @ Ts this 3 teshehe ansacr 2 Given: Tata or fuung of pH" tank Find + Cress - section aica of tank Tafloc Solution We can treat inig as a steady state problem if we choose a CS 45 the onginal volume of p35 m the dank , So that ackstional pas “leaves” the cus a the pas level m the tank nges , OR as an unsteady problem if we checse the C& a5 the enlwe gas tank We choose the later Basic equation 2 Mey + > (yp VA) =6 Assumptions Tncampressible flee 2) Unform flow Hence 2 My = FA db = ae de where @ is the gas fil tale, Ais the bank cross-section area , and hts the rake of rise im the pas bank Hence A: & Ae 05 Lit y Im? x Ls min x 663 x 900 mn woot 10 mm mn bm Ae O:1m® = A= 164 x 10mm This seems hike a ressenableProblem 4.25. 4.25. For your sink at home, the flow rate in is $000 units, Accuenulation! is 2500 units. What is the accumulation rate if the outflow is 60 usits/min? Suddenly. the outtlow becomes 13 unin! min: What is the accumulation fate? AL nother time, the flow rate in is 5 vnitsec. The accumulation is $0 units. The rate is —4 units/sec, What isthe flow rate our? “umalation ul Given: ‘Data on filling ofa sink Find: Acumuafon rate under various creamsnces Solution: “hiss n wasted problem if we chose te CS ashe nisin Baicequsion — 2Mey + (pv) a & Assumptions: 1) Incompressible Tew Hence 2xicy = Accumsttionate: S*p¥-A] = tnfow= Outow oMmev y & Gots Asin: So Acoma tn Forthe second case Accumulationrate= 5000 Accumulationrate= 4220-2 he Forthe third case Outflow Outflow = 9 Outflow = 5:Problem 4-26 426 fo pomp storm tater out of yeu basement pomp can extact 0.6 lil/s The is noc O-4 mm/min What 1s the flow rate (Lit/s) fem the storm into the basement ? The basement Ib 16 by Em You are tying dunng a storm The water level in the — basement sinking about Given: Data on fuling of 3 basement dung 2 storm Find : Flow sate of Storm into basement Solution « This is an unsteady problem if we cheese the C5 as the entire basement Basic equation 9 My + (8 A) 0 3e : cs Acsumptans +!) Incompressible flee Hence 3 My = fA di, area) =f. Qetorm — F & pump ate ATE ot where A is the basement atea and dh/dt is the rete at which the height of water in the basement Changes Baan ~ Bpunp A HL Bam = OGLE ® ~Tém AGM ae O-cect )> Vi hr x 1000 Lit ihr Beocs om Qaim > 6 U8Ficblem 4.27 HAT Tn steady - state floc docnetream , the density is 64 Ko/m, the velocity 18 m/s, and the area 15 O-1m? Upstream in 46 ons _ the velocity What is the der and Me gea yy @eeS mn? epsitesm ¢ Given: Data on flew trovgh device Find = Volume flows rate at pert & Solution : Basic equation 5 (PTA) 20 © Assumphons <1) Steady flow 2) Uniform floc Tien for the box (8.5.4) fur Vu Ay + fy Var Ag = 0 Hence fa = fy Aa Vy Aw Sys 6 fue ier kg/m?Problem 4.28 el 42K In the incompressible flow through the device shown, ve: locities may be considered uniform ever the inlet and outer sec aan gl Ba ‘ins. The following conditions gre koown: A, = 0.1 mA; = 02 &! = ind V3 = 2 cos2RH ms 7 @ Vs = 2 eosin mst el Ay = O18 my = Hoe ms, in seconds). Obtain an expression for the velocity at section (3), and plot Vs as a function of tims, AL what instant does V5 Hist be: Flow ceomle zeta?! What isthe total mean volumetsie flow at section? Giver Data on flow through device Find: Velocity Fy fot ¥s against time; find when 1 zero total mean flow Solution: Applying to the device (assuming V3 iol) -V-Ay = VzAq + VyrA3 =0 Vpapevyay 108 7 Baatn® zeny 2 e020? oa 0.15-m z The velocity at zis V3 = 667¢ 7 +2.67-c0s(2-—1) ‘The toxal mean volumetie flow at A is as tin [2 eal is zero, and the plot of is shown in the corresponding Excel workbookProblem 4.28 a 428 In the incompressible low through the device show, focitios may be considered uniform over the inlet a outlet se tions, The following conkitions are known: A, = O.1 may = 02 Ay = OS m’, Vy = Ie" ys. ant Vs = 2091220) mvs HE in seconds). Obsain an expression for the velocly st section (3. snd plot Vyasa function oF tre. A what instant does fst De ‘some 2210? What the tetal mean solumetrc aw at section 8? row step Foe Given: Data on os tough dice Find: edo 1; tT zat tine when Solutior The velocity at 43 is reo; total mean Bow Exit Velocity vs Time Toa] 935 ouo-| 850 020 [ 6.86 330-491 oa0-[ 330 oso 23] | F deol 278] | & ope] |S ogo 33] | 0.90 | 641 { Toe) iio[ 6.00 a0 | aa Tso | 366 tao [4s 1 30-| 0s io | 0st 130 10 The ime [1.90 | 4.74 200 [a2 zo | aad 320 [304 330-139 240 [05 330 [076Problem 4.29 a Given: dif Fow chown imelined plane. sit 2 we BO ny £) “ hog . i oe Find: Mass Flow rate Per unit width cree x | i Solunon! Ab the dashed cross-section, a> {pada i OA * urcky, where ar = widtl, A a . A= PF8106 7, g* ee sinh ph . tafe EM tng Cyedy = CBO Cyt srdy a = CBS O8T ngs 2)” = egsner #2. pigsindurh a ez 6, a ae Thus + pigsine b2 F "he = CASS MeProblem 4.30 Py 4.30, Water enters a wide, flat chanael of height 2 with a uni- form veiovity of 2.5 mvs, At the chasnel outlet the velocity disti- butioa is given by ‘where y is messured from the centerline of tue channel, Determine the exit centerline velocity, mas Given: Data on flow at inlet and outlet of channet Find: Find Upox Solution: Basceguaion fp7di=0 Assumptions: 1) Steady flow 2) Incompressibe flow ; : 3 Sun FursProblem 4.31 el Land radius 431 Water flows stedily through a pipe of leng R = 75 mm. Caleulate the wniform inlet velocity. lf the ve Jocity distibution across the outlet is given by = tg | 1 a tnag = 38 Given: Data on flow at inlet and outlet of pipe Find: Find U Solution: Basicequaion fpf’ di=0 Assumptions: 1) Steady flow 2) Incompressile Now R Evaluating at inlet and exit —p-UaeR?4 | pru(e}2-rdr = 0 HenceProblem 4.32 eh Given: Intompressiele flows 17 a. diverging Channel, as shown. \, + eonstant VeVmcos(S2) 9 gy ae + Frad: Express Vin in terms of V,. OO wielth wer Solution: Apply conservation of mass using the CY Shown. 00) Basicequaten: b “fl pave f ghd ’ ts Assumptions : (1) Sttady fiw @) baiferer Flous at OFH, ttn Vjury = [Vin cost £) wrehy 22) Vinca dey ” 5 | 4 se Ca " YH» mt) | cos 4 a(E¥) = Ret erat E gy] = Weak } Thus Vn=Zvy, VonProblem 4.33 8) 4.33 The velocity profile for laminar flow in an annalusis given by y= 22s woe aa % “ shore g/L = —10 KP is the presse graeme viscosity {SAE lOcil a 20 C), and &, = 5mm and R= | mim age the ot and nner ri Find the voi rat, the average Sloe, and the maimum velocity. Plt the velocity distribution Given: Velocity disribution in anus Find: Volume flow rate: average veloc; maximum velocity plot velocity disribuion Solution: Governing equation Forthe low rate (Eq 4.140) and wverae velosty (Eq. 4.146) -| ved a paaee ual eacngiag un Substituting values Q Q ‘The average velocity is Vy R Ro, “The maximum velocity using Solver instead, and the plot, are also shown in the corresponding Excel workbook:Problem 4.33 BI 4.38 The velocity prile For air flow in an annulusispiven by vin = Se aa nae | R 0 ‘where ApiL = —10 KPa/m isthe pressure gradient. isthe Viscosity (SAE 10 0120 C), and R, = $ mm and R, = Laan ae the over cli Fad the volume ow eae, he average vet ad the maximum velocity. Pl the velocity distibation Given: Velocity darbusonn sas Find: Vom fow rte; average veloc main rely plot veloky dtrbuton Solution: To Annular Velocity Distribution 125 130 6 175 5 2.00 ce 2.25 Ey 2.50 & 275 be) 3.00 i; 325 > 3.50 1 375 $00 o : : 425 0.00 0.05 0.10 outs 020 0.28 S50 w (rs) 475 5.00 ‘The maximum velocity caa be found using SolverProblem 4.54 Gren: Teo - dimensional vedueims bend as shaven Find © Magnitude and clitecion ef ungarm velocity at section) ions Ay ponscs vat Ion 6S Sing: Shows Solution PPly cor ion of mas np Cv Shocon Basie equalion =e) hg,man = 3/5 Ascumpbons il) oleady few 2) Tee presble flow cy Uniform Flow at Zand F Then or Naha go MEAS LA ile nO bm ~ AG = 048 w/s « x since Vyhs <0, flee at @ is inte the cv Tus 2 Yah: 4 = OUR m/s Vg 2 bn C48m = Otem x OdSm = TCH a/s (inte cv) isProblem 4.35 Pp Garey: Waka Gos 0 Re tise doremssendd sqpare Sanne dros Veen aan | Ura als | We SS an Fads San Savion: Rygy, coneesdicn mat to & C8 Soon ose eqpdon sy 4 my =~ = oF (aR as aes Rrsurnglions: \ Beady Gao SN Oe aw Cows SS Enea ows ALadcnO Ren Tete on AA (Ue aa oe Duhks OG AY us an Xe wecciy, dudisobion across Be ett AD & \reor We Tron Ue, = Ban = Bran hs Vane Tow = c waalas Be wee Ta ae [Ae av wee ones (cs ]- Ent k i rs & Y, tue Eyrxast = J Saas EUs Eansd = sons LeeProblem 4.36 @ Gwent, Woater Rows a pocous cousd Lube of dlanekes | Ye lon BA Re eepe AL BO Mos g undoes wit X= tio wlan. Flas oA Se 9 Wggee | wod sodual ond ortainnelssc aol Bacon Sones ii se sy YY i wWrere Al] cians © ond U= G.ason | Fad. Ce moss lao cde a. , wede Re Lhe A eL Savion: of 9 ® ce Bowe . = oas (ow xo - |e whe okie G8 | Resunds hd Koo | ec ws J Serie o donites [I] | ee | ren, or (SH A = Wa aALS ¢ e vc - Al UmeR dt x man RAL ERR (Bac oN NX. Re “ia - ASH oe LAR = Feoyi-& & EM. > ABBEY Was tianky rien Coder @ by 10.050 sam hy, O.c84 0.88 ny ay = 3 s = Are Wa So ake ke = = = xPropiem 4.37 accumulator, designed 40 reduce prevoere Given + A hydravtic pulsations na hycache cystem , operating. Under Gondbions sheen al a gwen nsbant at. Find = Rate at which secemolaior sans ot levee hyphae Solution + Use the control Volume shoe Basic equation o= 2 SAN { a dy 1 Ascumplions © ©) Unfoim flaw a sexton @) 2) Pe Constant Then : 2 (Mey) f f-lpwdal + J {lewee} Bot { fyda, = FG, — cohere G- Volome flocrate ny md fs 56 fie 5 C+ B Mey - Per © PAs x Me fe © f\ or BMey sf (@~ Veh) ot Hu = 86 fae (ON DF) where 96+ cee (Tate AZ) a = ae. 498 keys lo se LE x PB own 15 Mow x (32) mm a looottt = Ges fae token? BMey = -eihe/s (mas is decressing in the CV) aEShree Mey = fot Nol aM = 2% Not) > fot 24 = $4, ava he = 2 Che Mord > faa 2 (hos oe MMe = 1 x 4g xg -oarke/s oe Sel fino ie _ oXet 2 Lose ato? BE Lose bt/sProblem 4.38 2 438. A tank of 0.4 m* volume contains compressed air. A valve is opened and air escapes with a velocity of 250 v/s through an opening of 100 mn? area, Air temperature passing through the opening is ~20 C and the absolute pressure is 300 KPa. Find the rile oF change of density of the ais ithe tank of thy moment Given: Data on artow eutof tink, Find: Find rate of change of density of air in tank Solution: Basicequatin 2 py, fog ag a Jaw + fer di=0 Assumptions: 1) Density in tank is uniform 2) Lniform flow 3) Airis an ideal ges Pig Prank Pexit Peni A lence Veank ot + Paxie WA ~ haan Pent at « RaieTexit ¥tank Pik soo 193 een reer - Hate 2869 Nim” (204273) K "9g 3 ke Prank a 2025628 The mass in the nk is dcresing, a expected Hence a :Eee Problem 4.39 Gisen: x dears Nase Sr ie we Fides OMe ss Sf et See ae ah Ba Geos [= (S| fos Fad: @ Saye OS drone & of \e ' ee Aon sat cis roe OnSs whe Sdiion: ih Toe onerngy booty t © dGed os ala Sha Se (aK | oe Cards ond BETE Kan, Qe Q se Gren + = lanear 2 ae (oar Ae Be CLO QAPQ= al EEl- xa). ds) Sedsy, camacudlion Kross Yo Re cA drown Bose eqyclicn: os BU ges aG ce aA Resandicne, O negled av eclandg Be od re BEES 7 or a A taeflpindl: g Ae eet on DG & sist Cade RO) ee oS (sy WAT = L Brae onsen z 2 B - _ eee (Ba 085s p05. eco wt ore “§)= eS “KS SoR - & bie me Hh mel, Geode Goivrg) ztProblem 4.40 Given + Air flee: through bank aot conditions sheen al time, to Vz Homfs Ay 20 cl8im® J, = 185 hes Find: BF iq bank ab time. by Be Solution : Apply conser vation of mass. using Cv Sheen Basic equation 6 a ( pats f pan ee Assumptions < cy Density uniform im tank , 2 f fav - Flow 1 oniform at inlet and outlet sechens. Then 0: B® (hv) + BVA TEMA 3 yy aet “[ Sa] + [Svar] awa « [ya DL [aes y » HEm « ceient — weaken’ » | ase 2 Vied be Jon? +) Note since PSs oo ae mass in tank increases,wh Bnd: ai _o= Rea “Ces e & Yebater, Bes VE - eS Rasangice 6) Se Gos KR eh K Ade Q meta mie ASS Wren Gren. Reclosguilas tos wi dimensions Ae tao nn, Ae Sonn, Ns ex Groondier Re Ges” SS oa 1 Wren ee York we holt GA Be 7 a Regndds auncer Res teas. AL Ra WO Care Sno woes Bo Nosk - ey Re Kank di Ae wndtont, Sdoloor, wedi AF moss Yo CA US HdudaS Los ond tbe Two wgpalicn: or RLUpad -fkol s MEE = = 0284 emlye (Gna) Problem 4.41 sapien des To an atti Le of che eS OSS So aadkQ oo shersa Be cotsd wane, ow 8 AK Crcke Wye condiad) | & 2 Sc lititinat Vo Gad ues Be deGation of Re ~ . &eN Soe SS For wader ok toe Vee thee | (Tobe tS ea : cau HEN eee 7 Age Rese SR estan Ooms n\u. | a& Ay casa ehatint oe Be TART ON Me” BO HO, a By y——__% fea}Problem 4.42 (2 Given: Cireutar tank, with De 03m draining through a hole ta tS bottam, Flic 1s water Find: Rate of change of woter lévet at the instant shown. cv Splitron: Apply Conservane7 of mass fo CV shown, Neke section @ Cuts be fous Free surtace , 50 Vz, Corresponds to free surface velocity ; volume of CV 1s Constant. pe Baste equation: ong) pew +f pu-dt Assumptiets: (i) Tnwmpressioe Flow, 50 Unsteady tem 15 E70, Since volume of “ovis fixed )“Lnihirn How at €aéh sce tien Thea st oe . +t 0+ PVA + PMA = tp Re and 7 mM. 40kg (eae = Since VirH, <0, tow at section © 18 wte Cy. Thkrefore ma 3, saifig > 0004 o% = 0.0566 m/s et Co. Fm The water level 13 tating at Sb. mm/s. Govt + -S.05 mos [xsProblem 4.45 Given + Lake being draned at 51 cubic meter per second (m/s) Level falls at 05m per hr Normal flow rate i¢ &2 Ys Find + 2) Actest flow rate during diaming (mys) ») Eskumale seipace tect of lake Solution » @= stm Apply conservation of mass using ey shewa Basic cation: = Os 2 ( save f pv ak na ray bend Assumption f = constant Then dv 2 Adv = -{ Van = -Qt@ at ac hg Az ~@-m . - £2 5 AQ Gor MW a a Ar = G-Gi . AS 5 AG t Ge dh/at Wha But Aq = 4e.8m7/s and AML = -OSm/abr , since decreasing Tous A = ~ dea mg BPr Gg eee se CUT KIO” m™ 5 -0sm beProblem 4.44 (9) Pan 17 Gaseni Candeced Nos, Ky desing, & & coat re axe ce Binds Water de A A Lees on Wore wd Sey ws Ge on bution wla= vo & ass wet Ge ab plasre shes OA Sdidivon: Bega conaesudiren of wrracs weg, cA Srey | Base eqpadtron: of R( ears (yo Sw (| Resargiions: © Geomgrasie Goo QD UsiSarnr Lad oh eody sedion Ss NAA — comgas ed No Rao For Be cv, a= SAS say =e on RC eg ee WANs | a o- gs Reeds ah sw Fan, | Ord vob Segerdivng, torial, SS resneiecnin * ot a —— aa AT 8 ay tlrar ls - at Se T atl 3 . es sels) RW UH see = OAT \.-(Q@4. Yet i). On Yet | s pa a) \Beee' ' | ae Se a | as (sree ns Bs ayProblem 4.44 Yes Ber OM, Eh ges B ae if (DSH de Ohay Me wardiscn of Wy. SA w Ades Woo Ge + Nae ro and en tag ow Mes On and 2S AE VO Yo(m)= Of 03 1 Did (—)* 2 5 10 Time, t(s) Vive) ylye(—) viel) Time,t(3) Ivo) ylyet~) ylye =) 0 1.000 4.000 4.000 0 4000 © 1.000 1.000 2 0739 0.848.913 05 0316 «0885965 4 0518 e703 0.831 1 0016 © 0738-931 6 0338 «= Os7s 782 14 0001718924 8 0193 0.488 «877 2 osia 0.865 10 0.090 0.285 0608 3 0338 9801 1200280285089 4 0193 O79 +4 0000 0.18807 5 0.089 0.680 8 0128 O4t7 6 0025 0624 18 007s 0.362 7 0.000 0570 20 0037 = 0310 10 0.422 72 0012 0263 2 0236 a 00010210 4 0260 26 0.180 16 0.183, 28 0144 18 0.137 20 o13 20 0.090 2 0.085 2 0.053 3 0.028 26 0.008 38 .000 40 48 10 Level rato, ylve(—) ee ‘time, 4) 6 10 Time, (9) 6 Ey [3] Part 272.Problem 4.45 [9] Pan 112. Gesen: GindgrcoC Sark | dcaineng be SRS ae Binds TW No drain Nok No Bagh eee aay MAL Tre No Aron Me Nash @e Lawn as o Senden Eee eects Zé Se ed Lee one Albers Sddcon. | Rad yconterudies at nase wang OL shown, Bere egedins of ACG eel & Resumdircns QO incorgrecctle Moo BD Un forr Caw a eads sediion naked’ four Compared No pus For Qe cs a - SRG 3. o BC peas acs Ka spaces Qa a | o- & QC Ree Rag * Qo, = RL ‘2+. Fay Segardiag vas idshes Aire , “5 - - YY Aarts a meee ws yah “ae Ry C2 A an sy B= lal ov FEAL Jia Enckasing, ra taw or = (oon) ce \ een | \» \one \- teas Syrtey ke \e esa. 2 ae Vine te Qdaa oe a Grden of aha ( yetoey SG avy oe & Rerond xProblem 4.45 (3) Part 22 Draining of a cylindrical liquid tank: Input Data: Initiat height: yo 04 om Diameter ratio: Did 20 10 5 Caloulated Results: Time) levy p= m1 “0 o 59 6 220 26 0723 ones 20 Sas tats 360 aor 223 Ost a 21 Sor are co 13am “os 20 wr ase 20 m1 sas 20 7 bat tet 20 25 738 te : 200 335 8.36 2.09 0 ms sa 38, 40 20 0s ee 10 ee on? ae 2 7 ae a 109 oi 43a #0 Si isa ae 0 mo m8 aan “ iS ate 2 eo mr 518 2» 72 Se 10 98.2 24.0 8.01 | ° 4 as 7H ‘inv Dp atl erode |Problem 4.46 Br | Gases Wdter Hows Ao Bes BF RE a cored Mad Lo condait,| | wae Free AS Be A Brae otf | omen hye cares * BS spud SES whe j Wegae oe we Be Gada SrA ches eck ane Vee Ie. oe ARR Ne aes } age Soe ork Ke corresponding dander sake Fae. W Be wdork of heed: i Cb ene MES Ta Gory Be edhion Hife Gok 1 S$ SUE Sie Sr & Sorge Kunkss ea Wek | Seiden Red, ott te Be cd bray tee of EL geen f ak Basen grome' uriorn fan AL gain ation eget BY Healer vross Mor. ME : e oe Beker * RSA TRS “8 { @ux= SAS = eg a8 se i ' Bar =Lerahtec. oseatt Cocos) et Bore shane AL Coate thy. 8 1 Feo a ak a is ze ee = Sw - Godt ee enn of tees attabe 2B Sey, = hon = &xdtone See Re yrene | . ae het i | aS. Sarto .ad OB ~ side Re we BS | * - SS. > Gan -ecd i = a Ceased cow t Le | = = wow ws * Reece ley by 1o83t Ne esGu owes donned [6h &Problem 4.47 a bien; Conwot funnes draining through Small hole. D~tomm Ve= 29g Find: Rote of change of surfact level when y= H/z Solution: Apply conservation of mass. O) Choose CV lth hp sucst below surface, léye!. on Basic equaten: o- £f ed +f Or Assumptions: () p = constant, ¥ = Const, <0 %t *0 @) Lathirem How at tach echen, For CV)! 27 pPaeod of gfened or Wen Ve Ae Dest Ve Vein) = f2g# 4d = algun? = Gorter y decreases But oe 4 =P. . OTM ton 7 Rta Teme = 98m Subst ting, oY 4 [981 DSi m (9.90312? jo¥ ca B--+ PURPA (Satte e «97 mo [aie Alkrnate solution: Choose CV Aenctosing entire tunnel. Basi equation: 0 “5S, pay +h pra Ascumprens : (f= constant, but ¥ cho.nges (Note: ¥ = 30th tre, cone.) @ Neghet air @ wie flow at outlet section ° -pRm ne Eafe or B= - eA vue The voiame of water & ¥=Erth~ = F lgtare)* Yy > Latton’s dt. ryttane dy a FOr Wy wD = ao gt a Ee y*tan'e oY TAY and Toy « Ve Ae hey Fe Finally, une y=H, dy 2 ‘dye be fore. 7 iy a s “lege gt as Nok: Flees 13 not steacty 10 tyther CV. The Ait term vanishes tr CVU) because there 1s me change in Mass 1s ide the CV. |Problem 4.48 Given: Steady flow of water past a porous flat p/ate. Suction 1s @astant. Veloctty profile at Section co 1s we ot gy hs HH 2G)-2(F) Find: Mass flow rate across Station be. Setution: Apply canservatian of mass using the CV shown, Basic equation: o~ Lede tf oh Asstemptions : (1) Sterdy flow @) Lacompress ible Flow @)Ua-wlS along da Then ONG Oe fl pth + ring tf et olieh, nah % or. O = -pUnwS + rive +f ettel sey ~2(¥) “Jurdy + Pua Thas i oe Aree > Plour& ~ par [Ta-2(Z) “Joeh - euere pur [tes = wR AG “ -%} = pte [ted -UnS(P-2.)- 50] = peur (0stheS HL) = 9 BB (030 5 oo 2.2018 mm? Seer Pe Tye = 142 kg ls Cm>0, $0 out of cv) BL. 1 [?Problem 4.49 rp Gitta: Shady sacomoressible Flt of Qir on poroies Sterface Show? 17 Fi. P48, Velocity profit. at downstreacn end 1s parabolic. Uarigem suchen ts apolied akg ad. Find: (a) Volume flow rate acass ed, b) Volume flow rate through poreus surface (ad). ©) Vokume Flos rate. across be, folutiea! Apply conservation af prass % Cy shown, Basic equation: onBi e+ Lena Assumptieas ! () Latempressible, flow ie @ Parabolic profi te at Section cor # - uh a Tas Trea Of Veih ~ Sab? Quct Bed + Bee. a % -~. ft “ad fad tyr) Qig * - ut s} Kah = wus {fad -ep)ad ca =f Rot [i uerdy kag fed -Grl¥ , gs Hef at = wes {CLs -3G] guSU. Beg» Bx 15%, 2.0015 3M = 4,80x15 "ls Comat of CV) = Plows across ad is anifyrm 50 Baa ~ Vea Up wh OR) = - york a2 mn smn), 2 « b.cox10 m/s (aut of ev’ Bact rind * a0 Tad eae & (oct 0 u Fiat, from &% 1, Boe = ~Bar ~Bici ~Gaa at But Rap = Uo-Ayy =Unt-w5S (ft) - -w S00 Ba ~— bE OAISM, 2D» — 6, IS XI m/s (nto CV) s Sebstrhatiing lato Eq, 2, Oy, «f= (-b-28107?) ~ 4 Sox07? -b.00K10 74) mls be 2 Bon = 6S 0? mF /5 (gut of Cv)Problem 4.50 ia Given: Tank contacning Grute sith steady inlet stream of water. Initial density iS R.> Pano Fine: (a) Rate of change of |rqesid density 10 tank, @) Tine required € reach density, fe, Lihere > Pe >Frxa- Solution: Apply conservation of mass using the CY Shown, Basic eguatian: ne a On Sl, pow 1 Tak ; Laas fm vn AssumptioNs: Ut) Hg ny = Constant fins J, ©) 0 uniform sa tank 8) Uniform Fiows at wet ad outlet sections Thert yA, # Nya SIN CANk Volume 45 eadstant,and 0 = Sef pdt + 9A ~Pfgva = 2 pv + (C-paovA = ¥E+G Yp)vA So that Ht. (P= Fimo) va at Pheer ee eee SeParating Variables,