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Elements of Poetry and Fiction

This document discusses key elements of poetry and fiction. It outlines 12 figures of speech used in poetry, including simile, metaphor, personification, and hyperbole. It then discusses elements of fiction such as plot, setting, characters, theme, and point of view. Plot refers to the sequence of events and how the story progresses. Setting establishes the time and place. Characters can include people, animals, or machines. Theme conveys the central message. Point of view determines the perspective through which the story is told.

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15 views12 pages

Elements of Poetry and Fiction

This document discusses key elements of poetry and fiction. It outlines 12 figures of speech used in poetry, including simile, metaphor, personification, and hyperbole. It then discusses elements of fiction such as plot, setting, characters, theme, and point of view. Plot refers to the sequence of events and how the story progresses. Setting establishes the time and place. Characters can include people, animals, or machines. Theme conveys the central message. Point of view determines the perspective through which the story is told.

Uploaded by

DELOS SANTOS KYTH
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Eleme

nts of
Poetry
and
Fiction
A. Elements of
Poetry Figures of
Speech/ Figurative
Language
1. Simile – comparison of two unlike objects or ideas with the
use of like or as ( or sometimes, appears or seems ).

Example:

"She is like the rose."


“ He was as fierce as a tiger.”
2. Metaphor- also a comparison of two unlike objects or ideas
but without the use of like or as.

Example:

"The cat's eyes were jewels, gleaming in the darkness.”


“Life is a journey.”

3. Personification- giving human attributes to inanimate


objects or ideas.

Example:

“The sea wept mournfully.”


“When love calls, wild hearts fly.”
4. Apostrophe – directly addressing an absent or dead person
as if he were present or alive, and an object or idea as if it were
human.

Example:

"Jose Rizal, where is the hope of the fatherland?”


“O Love, release me from your spell.”

5. Hyperbole –an exaggeration not intended to deceive but


rather to emphasize or produce more effect.

Example:

“She cried a river of tears.”


“I am so hungry I could eat a cow.”
6. Irony– saying the opposite of what is meant.

Example:
“He got a score of 5 out of a 100 items? My, he’s a genius!”
“Oh, what a good weather! ( after storm and thunder )”

6. Metonymy–a word is used for another which it suggests or


which represents it, or is associated with it.

Example:

“The floor is yours.”


“The crown must fall.”
8. Synecdoche – using a part to represent the whole.

Example:

“He is living under my roof. ( house ) ”


“He has a new set of wheels. ( car )”
9. Oxymoron - putting two contradictory words together.

Example:

“ Sometimes we cherish things of little value.”


“He possessed a cold fire in his eyes.”
10. Alliteration - the repetition of the initial consonant.

Example:

"The Wicked Witch of the West went her own way.”


“Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers.”

11. Onomatopoeia - the use of words to imitate the sounds


they describe.
Example:

“The burning wood crackled and hissed.”


“grunt, huff, buzz and snap”
12. Paradox - use of concepts/ ideas that are contradictory to one
another, yet, when placed together they hold significant value on
several levels.

Example:

“He who would save his life must lose it.”


“War is peace, freedom is slavery, ignorance is strength”

13. Anaphora – repetition of the same words at the beginning of


a series of phrases or lines.

Example:
“I do not love thee! – no! I do not love thee”
““Water, water, everywhere,
And all the boards did sink;
Water, water, everywhere,
Nor any drop to drink.”

B. Elements of Fiction
Plot refers to the significant order in which the action is
presented, or the arrangement of events that make up a story. It
is the structure or arrangement of materials in a story that
gives it meaningful continuity. Plot answers the questions,
“What happened?” and “How did it happen?” in local color
writing often very little happens: local stories instead
incorporate storytelling and revolve around the community and
rituals.
a. introduction/exposition,

b. rising action,

c. conflict (- the struggle between two opposing forces


around which the action of a work of literature revolves )

d. climax ( the most exciting or thrilling part ),

e. falling action, and f. resolution/denouement

Setting refers to the time and place of the story, or the “spatial”
and “temporal” environment. It answers the question,“When and
where did the story happen?” in local color writing, the setting can
be so integral to the story that it sometimes becomes a character in
itself. Setting involves the landscape, dialect customs, and folklore
specific to a geographic region or locale;
Characters – people, animals, machines, etcetera in the story.
Protagonist- “good guy”; antagonist – “bad guy”

Theme is often called the central message of the story. It is the


author’s statement of purpose, philosophy, or an attitude towards
life. It may be presented explicitly or implicitly. Thematically,
many regional and local color stories share an aversion to change
and a weakness for sentimentality or nostalgia for the
anachronistic beliefs and practices of a past golden age.
Point-of-View person through whose eyes a reader sees what
happens in a story; in other words, the voice through which a
writer tells the story.

First – Person POV – “I”


Second – Person POV-“You”
Third- person / Omniscient ( all-knowing )POV
Third person limited – thoughts of only one person
End of Slide.

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