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Formative SHE Task History - of - The - Atom - Worksheet

The document provides information on the historical development of atomic structure models by scientists such as Dalton, Thompson, Rutherford, and Bohr. It describes their key contributions and experiments, including Dalton's atomic theory, Thompson's discovery of electrons, Rutherford's gold foil experiment showing atoms have a small, dense nucleus, and Bohr's planetary model of electrons orbiting the nucleus. The development of these atomic structure models built upon each other over time through continued experimentation and evidence.

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113 views3 pages

Formative SHE Task History - of - The - Atom - Worksheet

The document provides information on the historical development of atomic structure models by scientists such as Dalton, Thompson, Rutherford, and Bohr. It describes their key contributions and experiments, including Dalton's atomic theory, Thompson's discovery of electrons, Rutherford's gold foil experiment showing atoms have a small, dense nucleus, and Bohr's planetary model of electrons orbiting the nucleus. The development of these atomic structure models built upon each other over time through continued experimentation and evidence.

Uploaded by

emuhpbe
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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History of the Atom Worksheet

Name: _________________________________ Date: __________ Class: _______

John Dalton (1766 – 1844):


John Dalton was an English chemist. His ideas form the atomic theory of matter. Here are his
ideas.

 All elements are made up of atoms. It is impossible to divide or destroy an


atom.
 All atoms of the same element are alike. (One atom of oxygen is like another
atom of oxygen.)
 Atoms of different elements are different. (An atom of oxygen is different
from an atom of hydrogen.)
 Atoms of different elements can combine to form a compound. These atoms
have to be in definite whole number ratios. For example, water is a compound
made up of 2 atoms of hydrogen and 1 atom of oxygen (a ratio of 2:1). Three
atoms of hydrogen and 2 atoms of oxygen cannot combine to make water.

1. What is the name of John Dalton’s theory? _____________________________________

2. What are elements made of? ________________________________________________

3. An atom of hydrogen and an atom of carbon are _________________________________.

4. What are compounds made of? _______________________________________________

5. The ratio of atoms in HCl is: a) 1:3 b) 2:1 c) 1:1

J. J. Thompson (Late 1800s):


J. J. Thompson was an English scientist. He discovered the electron when he was
experimenting with gas discharge tubes. He noticed a movement in a tube. He called the
movement cathode rays. The rays moved from the negative end of the tube to the positive
end. He realized that the rays were made of negatively charged particles – electrons.

1. What did J.J. Thompson discover? _____________________________________________

2. What is the charge of an electron? ____________________________________________

3. What are cathode rays made of? ______________________________________________

4. Why do electrons move from the negative end of the tube to the positive end?
__________________________________________________________________________
Lord Ernest Rutherford (1871 – 1937):
Ernest Rutherford conducted a famous experiment called the gold foil experiment. He used a
thin sheet of gold foil. He also used special equipment to shoot alpha particles (positively
charged particles) at the gold foil. Most particles passed straight through the foil like the foil
was not there. Some particles went straight back or were deflected (went in another
direction) as if they had hit something. The experiment shows:

 Atoms are made of a small positive nucleus; positive nucleus repels (pushes
away) positive alpha particles
 Atoms are mostly empty space

1. What is the charge of an alpha particle? _______________________________________

2. Why is Rutherford’s experiment called the gold foil experiment? _____________________

__________________________________________________________________________

3. How did he know that an atom was mostly empty space? __________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

4. What happened to the alpha particles as they hit the gold foil? _____________________

__________________________________________________________________________

5. How did he know that the nucleus was positively charged? _________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

Niels Bohr (Early 1900s):


Niels Bohr was a Danish physicist. He proposed a model of the atom that is similar to the
model of the solar system. The electrons go around the nucleus like planets orbit around
the sun. All electrons have their energy levels – a certain distance from the nucleus.
Each energy level can hold a certain number of electrons. Level 1 can hold 2 electrons, Level
2 - 8 electrons, Level 3 - 18 electrons, and level 4 – 32 electrons, etc.

1. Why could Bohr’s model be called a planetary model of the atom? __________________

__________________________________________________________________________

2. How do electrons in the same atom differ? _____________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

3. How many electrons can the second energy level hold? ___________________________
SCIENCE AS A HUMAN ENDEAVOUR (SHE) TASK
“The science as a human endeavour strand highlights the development of science as a way of knowing and
doing, and explores the purpose, use and influence of science in society.”

The four possible key concepts of science as a human endeavour in the study of Chemistry are:

Communication and Collaboration


 Science is a global enterprise that relies on clear communication, international conventions, and review and verification
of results.
 Collaboration between scientists, governments, and other agencies is often required in scientific research and
enterprise.

Development
 Development of complex scientific models and/or theories often requires a wide range of evidence from many sources
and across disciplines.
 New technologies improve the efficiency of scientific procedures and data collection and analysis. This can reveal new
evidence that may modify or replace models, theories, and processes.

Influence
 Advances in scientific understanding in one field can influence and be influenced by other areas of science, technology,
engineering, and mathematics.
 The acceptance and use of scientific knowledge can be influenced by social, economic, cultural, and ethical
considerations.

Application and Limitation


 Scientific knowledge, understanding, and inquiry can enable scientists to develop solutions, make discoveries, design
action for sustainability, evaluate economic, social, cultural, and environmental impacts, offer valid explanations, and
make reliable predictions.
 The use of scientific knowledge may have beneficial or unexpected consequences; this requires monitoring,
assessment, and evaluation of risk and provides opportunities for innovation.
 Science informs public debate and is in turn influenced by public debate; at times, there may be complex, unanticipated
variables or insufficient data that may limit possible conclusions.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

For this Formative SHE task you will address the concepts of DEVELOPMENT and APPLICATION AND
LIMITATION, submitting a written report of 500 words maximum length, which does not include the in-text
referencing or bibliography. This is an individual, formative assessment task.

ATOMIC STRUCTURE MODELS


Some famous scientist involved in the historical development of atomic structure include:
Niels Bohr, John Dalton, Gilbert Newton Lewis, Henry Moseley, Ernest Rutherford, Erwin Schrodinger and
Joseph John Thomson.

1) Construct a timeline for all seven scientists indicating when their contribution to atomic structure
theory was made.

2) For your chosen scientist, give details for their specific contribution to the understanding of the
atomic structure. Ensure you address the APPLICATION AND LIMITATION concept, and the
DEVELOPMENT concept, by link their contributions to the scientists both before, and after them
(according to your timeline).

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