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Computer Networks

A computer network connects multiple computers allowing them to share resources and exchange information. Early networks were confined to a single organization but grew to connect globally. A computer network uses cabling or wireless connections to link nodes, which can be devices like servers, clients, printers, or other peripherals. Larger networks are made up of interconnected local area networks that use standards like Ethernet and protocols to manage data transmission and prevent collisions. The largest computer network is the Internet, which connects worldwide networks and relies on systems like DNS to link domain names to IP addresses and locate resources.

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27 views13 pages

Computer Networks

A computer network connects multiple computers allowing them to share resources and exchange information. Early networks were confined to a single organization but grew to connect globally. A computer network uses cabling or wireless connections to link nodes, which can be devices like servers, clients, printers, or other peripherals. Larger networks are made up of interconnected local area networks that use standards like Ethernet and protocols to manage data transmission and prevent collisions. The largest computer network is the Internet, which connects worldwide networks and relies on systems like DNS to link domain names to IP addresses and locate resources.

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myfirstandlastnameislol
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER

NETWORKS
NETWORK?
Computer Network
 First computer networks appeared in 1950s and 60s.
 Generally used within an organization (company or research lab)
 Facilitate exchange of information between people and computer.
 Share physical resources like printer.
 Early networks have common large shared storage devices.
In short Comp. Network is!
“A computer network is a set of connected computers.”

• Computers on a network are called nodes.


• The connection between computers can be done via cabling,
most commonly the Ethernet cable, or wirelessly through radio
waves.
Components of Comp. Network

• Servers
• Clients
• Transmission Media
• Shared printers and other peripherals
• Network Interface Card
• Hub
• Switch
• Router
• LAN Cable (Ethernet/ data cable)
(for Details of this slide, read the notes below)
Local Area Network (LAN)

 Relatively small networks of close by


computers are called Local area networks.
 Ethernet
 Famous LAN technology.
 Developed in 1970 at Xerox park

 A series of computers
connected to a single Ethernet
cable. computer, it writes the data as an
 When the computer wants to transmit data
to another electrical signal onto the cable.
Media Access Control

 As the cable is shared so every computer


plugged into the network, sees the
transmission but does not know if the
data is intended for them or not.
 To solve this problem Ethernet
requires that each computer has its
own(unique) media access control
address called MAC address.
Carrier Sense Multiple Access
Bandwidth
 Rate at which the carrier can transmit data is called its
“Bandwidth”.
 An internet connection with a larger bandwidth can move a set
amount of data (say, a video file) much faster than an internet
connection with a lower bandwidth.
 Collision
 As the network computer increases, the probability that the two
computers will attempt to write data at the same time also
increases.
How to fix collision?
 When transmitting computers detect a collision they wait for a brief
period before attempting to retransmit e.g. 1 sec.
 This does not work if all the computers use the same wait duration,
they will collide again.
 So random period is added in the fix period.
 1.5 sec for one comp
 1.3 sec for 2nd comp

 Does not completely solve the problem.


 Extra trick (Exponential Backoff)
 Increase waiting time after every collision.
Internet

 Biggest computer network.


 Computer is connected to a large distributed network called the
internet.
 Multiple paths to get data from one location to another.
 For your computer the first connection is to your local area network.

 This then connect to a wide area network which is likely to


be a router run by your internet service provider.
Domain Name System
 Its the phonebook of the Internet. Humans access information online
through domain names, like fb.com or Insurance.com.
 DNS translates domain names to IP addresses so browsers can load
Internet resources.
World Wide Web

 An application that is running on million of servers accessed by


web browser.
 Fundamental building block of www is a web page.
 Web pages are connected through hyper links.
 In order to link to one another, Each web page has a unique
address called URL.

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