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    Development of Occlusion

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    elle70503
    The stages of occlusion development from primary to permanent dentition were summarized. Key points included the pre-dental period with gum pads separating, the deciduous dentition period characterized by spacing and a deep bite, and the mixed dentition period involving transitional shifts as permanent teeth erupt. Malocclusions can be influenced by the timing of development and events like premature tooth loss, retained deciduous teeth, or supernumerary teeth. Early intervention may be needed to guide developing occlusion.

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    Development of Occlusion

    Uploaded by

    elle70503
    16 views40 pages
    The stages of occlusion development from primary to permanent dentition were summarized. Key points included the pre-dental period with gum pads separating, the deciduous dentition period characterized by spacing and a deep bite, and the mixed dentition period involving transitional shifts as permanent teeth erupt. Malocclusions can be influenced by the timing of development and events like premature tooth loss, retained deciduous teeth, or supernumerary teeth. Early intervention may be needed to guide developing occlusion.

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    Development of occlusion

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    The stages of occlusion development from primary to permanent dentition were summarized. Key points included the pre-dental period with gum pads separating, the deciduous dentition period characterized by spacing and a deep bite, and the mixed dentition period involving transitional shifts as permanent teeth erupt. Malocclusions can be influenced by the timing of development and events like premature tooth loss, retained deciduous teeth, or supernumerary teeth. Early intervention may be needed to guide developing occlusion.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    16 views40 pages

    Development of Occlusion

    Uploaded by

    elle70503
    The stages of occlusion development from primary to permanent dentition were summarized. Key points included the pre-dental period with gum pads separating, the deciduous dentition period characterized by spacing and a deep bite, and the mixed dentition period involving transitional shifts as permanent teeth erupt. Malocclusions can be influenced by the timing of development and events like premature tooth loss, retained deciduous teeth, or supernumerary teeth. Early intervention may be needed to guide developing occlusion.

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    of 40

    • Group 5

    • 191323010-Jimmy Leing
    Development of • 191323011-Chong Kai Ze
    occlusion • 191323012-Yong Shew Wei
    Learning objectives

    1 2 3
    Discuss various stages of Point out transient or Justify the influence of
    development of self-correction development of
    occlusion from primary malocclusions which occlusion and its timing,
    dentition to permanent occur during on malocclusion and
    dentition development of selection of treatment
    occlusion plan
    Introduction

    • Occlusion: Alignment and articulation of teeth within and between arches, and the
    relationship of teeth to their supporting structures
    Pre-dental Period (0-6 months)

    Periods of Deciduous dentition period (6M-6 years)


    occlusal
    development Mixed dentition period (6-12y)

    Permanent dentition period


    Pre Dental Period ( 0-6 months )
    Pre-dental period

    • Gum pads: Alveolar process at time of birth

    • 2 portion separated from each other by dental grooves > labiobuccal portion and lingual portion

    • Transverse grooves between canine and first deciduous molar: lateral sulcus

    • Labiobuccal portion divided into 10 segments by transverse grooves


    Pre-dental period

    • Contact point occur between gum


    pads in first molar region
    • Anterior open bite : normal and helps
    in suckling
    Pre-dental period

    • Natal teeth: teeth present at time of birth


    • Neonatal teeth: teeth erupts within first month of birth
    • Significance:
    • Mandibular incisor most common
    • Should not be removed hastily, evaluation needed
    • Risk of Riga-Fede disease ( ventral surface ulceration )
    Self Correcting Anomalies In Predentate Period

    Retrograde Anterior Infantile


    Mandible Open Bite Swallow
    • Forward • Eruption of • Eruption of
    Growth of Primary Teeth
    Mandible Incisors
    Deciduous Dentition Period
    (6 months – 6 years )

    Sequence : A B D C E
    Features of Deciduous dentition

    Spacing Terminal Plane Deep bite


    relationship
    Deciduous dentition period

    Types of spacing seen in deciduous dentition:

    Primate Space / Simian Space /


    Physiological Spacing Anthropoid space
    The relationship of distal terminal plane of
    opposing deciduous second molar

    Terminal Plane
    Relationship

    Mesial Step Flush Terminal Distal Step


    Deep bite
    • Common feature in deciduous dentition
    • Reduced by
    • Eruption of deciduous molar
    • Attrition of incisors
    • Forward movement of mandible due to
    growth
    Anterior Deep Bite

    Self • Eruption of primary molars


    • Attrition of primary incisors
    Correcting • Forward growth of mandible

    Anomalies Flush Terminal

    In Primary • Early mesial shift

    Dentition Spacing

    • Eruption of permanent teeth


    Mixed dentition
    period
    First transitional period

    Classification Inter transitional period

    Second transitional period


    First transitional period
    • Characterised by :

    • Eruption of permanent first molar

    • Exchange of incisors
    First Transitional Period – eruption of first
    permanent molars

    Age of eruption : around 6 Years of Permanent first molar guided by Flush terminal plane: Class I
    age distal surface of primary second occlusion, lower molar needs to shift
    molar 3-5mm relative to upper molar
    Physiological spacing
    Leeway space
    Differential growth of mandible
    The relationship of distal terminal plane of
    opposing deciduous second molar

    Terminal Plane
    Relationship

    Mesial Step Flush Terminal Distal Step


    Early Mesial
    Shift
    • During Early Mixed
    Dentition
    • Eruptive force of 1st
    permanent molar push
    the deciduous 1st molar
    • Utilization of primate
    space
    Late Mesial
    Shift
    • During Late Mixed
    Dentition
    • Permanent 1st molar
    drifts mesially when
    primary 2nd molar
    exfoliates
    • Utilization of Leeway
    Space
    Incisal Liability
    • When deciduous incisors are
    replaced with permanent incisors
    • Permanent incisors are larger
    than deciduous incisors
    • Difference between amount of
    space needed and amount of
    space available is known as
    incisor liability
    • Maxilla – 7mm
    • Mandible – 5mm
    Overcoming Incisal Liability

    Utilization of Increase in inter- Change in incisor


    interdental spaces canine width inclination
    • Physiologic space • Allow much larger • Primary incisors are
    permanent incisors to more upright
    be accommodated • Permanent incisors
    erupt more labially
    inclined
    Inter-transitional period

    BOTH ARCH CONSIST OF DECIDUOUS ARCHES ARE RELATIVELY STABLE, AND


    AND PERMANENT TEETH NO CHANGES OCCURS
    Second Transitional
    period
    • Characterized by
    • Replacement of deciduous molars and canines
    • Leeway space of Nance:
    • Combined mesiodistal width of permanent canine
    and premolar < primary molar and canine
    • 1.8mm for maxilla and 3.4mm for mandible
    • Excess space utilized by permanent molar to
    establish class I occlusion
    Self Correcting Anomalies In Mixed Dentition
    Mandibular
    Anterior Deep Ugly Duckling
    Anterior End on Relation
    Bite Stage
    Crowding
    Eruption of
    permanent
    posterior teeth Complete Forward and
    Jaw growth eruption of downward
    and expansion maxillary growth of
    Downward and canines mandible
    forward
    growth of jaws
    Ugly Duckling
    Stage
    (Broadbent
    Phenomenon)
    Clinical Significance
    of Ugly Duckling
    Stage
    • Midline diastema up to 2mm will close
    spontaneously
    • 2mm and above will be unlikely to
    close completely
    • Any attempt to close median diastema
    during this stage will cause the
    following
    • Apex of lateral incisors will be
    damaged
    • Canine may be deflected from
    normal path of eruption
    Permanent
    Dentition
    • Forms within the jaws soon after
    birth except for cusps of permanent
    1st molar
    • Permanent incisors develop lingual
    or palatal to deciduous incisors and
    move labially as they erupt
    • Premolars develop below diverging
    root of deciduous molars
    Permanent dentition

    a) 6-1-2-3-4-5-7 a) 6-1-2-3-4-5-7
    b) 6-1-2-4-5-3-7 b) 1-2-3-4-5-6-7
    c) 1-2-3-4-5-6-7 c) 6-1-2-4-3-5-7
    Permanent dentition

    a) 6-1-2-3-4-5-7 a) 6-1-2-3-4-5-7
    b) 6-1-2-4-5-3-7 b) 1-2-3-4-5-6-7
    c) 1-2-3-4-5-6-7 c) 6-1-2-4-3-5-7
    Justify the influence of development of occlusion
    and its timing, on malocclusion and selection of
    treatment plan
    Premature Loss of Deciduous Teeth

    Tooth loss Effect on dentition

    Deciduous Incisor • Has the least effect


    • Shed relatively early
    Deciduous Canine • Unilateral loss of primary canine in a crowded
    mouth will lead to midline shift
    • Consideration should be given to balancing with the
    Xn of the contralateral teeth
    Deciduous First Molar • Unilateral loss may result in midline shift
    • Balancing extraction is not necessary, unless
    is indicated.
    Deciduous Second Molar • Mesial drift of first permanent molar
    Premature Loss of Deciduous Teeth

    1. Effect on developing dentition depends on the degree


    of crowding, patient's age and the site.
    2. Potential drifting of remaining teeth
    3. Malocclusion

    Etiology: Caries
    Premature exfoliation
    Planned extraction

    Treatment: Space maintainer


    Retained Deciduous Teeth

    • Difference of more than 6 months between the


    shedding of contralateral teeth should be
    regarded with suspicion

    • Cause ectopic eruption of permanent tooth or


    impaction of permanent tooth

    Treatment: Extraction
    Infra-occluded Primary Molars

    The process where a tooth fails to achieve or maintain


    its occlusal relationship with adjacent or opposing
    teeth

    Causes: Ankylosis
    Hereditary
    Trauma
    Infection

    Treatment:
    Extraction of submerged primary tooth to be done
    when
    1. There is a danger of the tooth disappearing below
    gingival level
    2. Root formation of the permanent tooth is nearing
    completion
    Supernumerary Teeth

    Tooth that is additional to the normal series.

    Morphology:
    • Supplemental: Resembles a tooth and occurs at the end of a
    tooth series
    • Conical: conical or peg-shaped supernumerary tooth which
    often occurs between the upper central incisors. May cause
    displacement or failure of eruption of teeth, Or may not have
    any effect.
    • Tuberculate: Classically associated with failure of eruption
    • Odontome: Rare. Has both compound and complex form.
    Supernumerary Teeth

    Complication:
    1. Failure of eruption of adjacent teeth​
    • Treatment: removal of supernumerary tooth​
    2. Crowding​
    • Treatment: Remove the poorly formed or
    more displaced teeth​
    3. Displacement​
    • Management: Removal of the supernumerary
    tooth and followed by fixed appliances.​
    References
    1) Bhalajhi. (2011). Orthodontics - the art and science. Arya Medi
    Publishing Hous.
    2) Premkumar, S. (2015). Textbook of Orthodontics. Elsevier.

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