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CS ch1 Data Representation

The document discusses differences between binary and denary number systems, why binary is used for data storage in computers, and how hexadecimal is used. It also covers data compression methods including lossless compression which identifies repeated patterns to reduce file size without losing data, and lossy compression which permanently removes some data to further reduce file size at the cost of degrading quality. The most suitable compression type depends on the data type and whether exact restoration is needed.

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15 views3 pages

CS ch1 Data Representation

The document discusses differences between binary and denary number systems, why binary is used for data storage in computers, and how hexadecimal is used. It also covers data compression methods including lossless compression which identifies repeated patterns to reduce file size without losing data, and lossy compression which permanently removes some data to further reduce file size at the cost of degrading quality. The most suitable compression type depends on the data type and whether exact restoration is needed.

Uploaded by

Basma Malash
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CS/ CH1: Data Representation

Explain the differences between the binary number system and the denary number
system. [4]
 A binary number system is a base-2 system.
 A denary number system is a base-10 system.

 A binary number system uses 0 and 1 values.


 A denary number system uses 0 to 9 values.

 A binary number system has units/ placeholders/column headings that increase by the power of
2.
 A denary number system has units/ placeholders/column headings that increase by the power of
10.

 Binary has more digit for the same value// Denary has less digits for the same value.

Explain why binary is used to store data in a computer system. [2]


 computer consist of transistors/logic circuits
 …that can only store/process data in two states/on-off/ 0 and 1
How is binary used in computers? (the uses)
 To represent ALL forms of data, including: Number, text, sound, image, character
(ASCII value)
______________________________________________________________________

Why Use Hexadecimal? (the benefits)


Humans POV Computer POV
 Easier to read/write/understand  Shorter way to represent
binary (so uses less
 Easier to debug
screen/display space)
 Less error prone (less likely to make mistakes
/uses fewer characters (smaller
in data transcription)
amount of memory needed to
How is Hexadecimal used in Computers? (the uses) store the hex
 HTML colour codes  IP address
 MAC address  Error messages
 Memory dump  Assembly language
 Memory locations  ASCII values
Data Compression
 Benefits of compressing (program) files:
 File size is reduced…
 Uses less bandwidth
 …so it uses less storage space
 …so faster transmission
 …so quicker to download
 Lossless Lossy
How this type of  Uses a compression  Uses a compression
compression reduces algorithm algorithm
the file size  Does not permanently  The data is permanently
remove any data removed
 Repeated patterns of  Reduces (sample rate)
(data) are identified  Reduces (sample
 …and are grouped, with resolution)
an index (ex: their ASCII ________________________
code) ___________
____________________  Discards any
______ unnecessary sounds
 the number of times the  …using perceptual
pattern appears is stored music shaping
in the table  …such as removing
 their positions are stored background noises
in the table /sounds humans can’t
hear
Advantages  The file size will be
smaller than lossless
 …so requires less
storage space
 …so requires less time
to transmit
Disadvantages  The original file can’t
be restored
 The quality of the
(sound) will be reduced
 (Given a case,) Identify the most suitable type of compression for…
Source code for a computer program/ program files for games
Lossless BEC
 the file can be restored to its original state (it’s important that the code must be (exactly)
the same as the original file)
 No data will be lost
 Will not run correctly with any other compression (if it doesn’t match the original file it
will not work)
Video file/photos/sound
Lossy BEC
 Would reduce the file size more (than lossless) (…so would stream/can be sent faster)
 The redundant data can be removed from the files
 Images can still be a similar quality/the quality of the video will be reduced but can still
be viewed
 There is no requirement for the files to be exactly the same as original file

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