1

x  ln x  1
1. (a) (i) Attempting to use quotient rule f′(x) = x (M1)
x2
1  ln x
f′(x) = A1
x2
 1
x 2     (1  ln x)2 x
 x
f″(x) = (M1)
x4
2 ln x  3
f″(x) = A1
x3
Stationary point where f′(x) = 0 M1
i.e. ln x = 1 , (so x = e) A1
f″(e) < 0 so maximum. R1AG N0

1
(ii) Exact coordinates x = e, y = A1A1 N2
e

(iii) Solving f″(0) = 0 M1

3
ln x = (A1)
2
3
x= e2 A1 N2

IB Questionbank Mathematics Higher Level 3rd edition 1

 5 ln x
(b) Area = 1 x
dx A1

EITHER
Finding the integral by substitution/inspection
1
u = ln x, du = dx (M1)
x
u 2
 (ln x) 2 
udu  
2  2 
 M1A1

5
 (ln x) 2 
Area = 
2
1 2

  (ln 5)  (ln 1)
2
2
 A1
 1
1
Area = (ln 5) 2 A1 N2
2
OR
Finding the integral I by parts (M1)
1 1
u = ln x, dv =  du  , v = ln x
x x
1
 
I = uv – udv  (ln x) 2  ln x dx  (ln x) 2  I
x
M1
2
(ln x )
 2 I  (ln x ) 2  I  A1
2
5
 (ln x) 2 
Area = 
2
1 2

  (ln 5)  (ln 1)
2
2
 A1
 1
1
Area = (ln 5) 2 A1 N2
2
[18]

2. (a) ln e2–2x = ln2e–x M1

2 – 2x = ln(2e–x) (A1)
= ln 2 – x (A1)
x = 2 – ln 2 A1
 e2 
 x  ln e 2  ln 2  ln 
 2 
 

IB Questionbank Mathematics Higher Level 3rd edition 2

 dy
(b)  2e 2 2 x  2e  x M1A1
dx
dy
= 0 for a minimum point (M1)
dx
–2e2–2x + 2e–x = 0
 e2–2x = e–x (A1)
 2 – 2x = –x (A1)
 x=2 A1
 y = e–2 – 2e–2 = –e–2 A1
(  minimum point is (2, –e–2))

(c)

A1A1A1

(d) 2 distinct roots provided –e–2 < k < 0 A1A1

[16]

IB Questionbank Mathematics Higher Level 3rd edition 3

3. (a)

A3
Note: Award A1 for each graph
A1 for the point of tangency.
point on curve and line is (a, ln a) (M1)
y = ln (x)
dy 1 dy 1
   (when x = a) (M1)A1
dx x dx a
EITHER
ln a
gradient of line, m, through (0, 0) and (a, ln a) is (M1)A1
a
ln a 1 1
   ln a  1  a  e  m  M1A1
a a e
OR
1
y – ln a = (x – a) (M1)A1
a
passes through 0 if
ln a – 1 = 0 M1
1
a=e m A1
e
THEN
1
y  x A1
e

1 x
(b) the graph of ln x never goes above the graph of y = x , hence ln x ≤ R1
e e

x
(c) lnx   e ln x  x  ln x e  x M1A1
e
exponentiate both sides of lnxe ≤ x  xe ≤ ex R1AG

(d) equality holds when x = e R1

letting x = π  πe < eπ A1 N0

IB Questionbank Mathematics Higher Level 3rd edition 4

 [17]

2 xe x  x 2 e x  2 x  x 2 
4. (a) f′(x) =   M1A1
e 2x  ex 
 
For a maximum f′(x) = 0 (M1)
2x – x2 = 0
giving x = 0 or 2 A1A1
( 2  2 x )e  e ( 2 x  x )  x  4 x  2 
x x 2 2
f″(x) =   M1A1
e 2x  e x 
 
f″(0) = 2 > 0  minimum R1
2
f″(2) =  2  0  maximum R1
e
4
Maximum value = 2 A1
e

(b) For a point of inflexion,

x 2  4x  2
f″(x) = 0 M1
ex
4  16  8
giving x = (A1)
2
=2± 2 A1

(c)
0
1
x
2 x

e dx   x 2 e  x 
1
0 
1
 2 xe  x dx
0
M1A1


= –e– 1 – 2 xe  x   2 e
1
0
0
1
x
dx A1M1A1

= –e–1 – 2e–1 – 2e  x 1

0 A1A1
–1 –1 –1
= –3e – 2e + 2 (= 2 – 5e ) A1
[21]

5. (a) AQ = x 2  4 (km) (A1)

QY = (2  x) (km) (A1)
T  5 5 AQ  5QY (M1)

= 5 5 x 2

 4  52  x  (mins) A1

(b) Attempting to use the chain rule on 5 5 x 2

4  (M1)

x   
1
d  1
 4   5 5  x 2  4
2 
5 5 2  2x A1
dx   2

IB Questionbank Mathematics Higher Level 3rd edition 5

  5 5x 
 
 2 
 x 4 

d
52  x   5 A1
dx
dT 5 5x
 5 AG N0
dx x2  4

(c) (i) 5 x  x 2  4 or equivalent A1

Squaring both sides and rearranging to
obtain 5x2 = x2 + 4 M1
x=1 A1 N1
Note: Do not award the final A1 for stating a negative solution
in final answer.

(ii) T  5 5 1  4  52  1 M1
= 30 (mins) A1 N1
Note: Allow FT on incorrect x value.

(iii) METHOD 1
Attempting to use the quotient rule M1

 
1
du dv 
u  x ,v  x 2  4 , 1 and  x x2  4 2 (A1)
dx dx
 2 
 
1
1 2 
2  x 4 x 4 2  2x 2 
d T 2
 5 5  A1
dx 2  x2  4   
 

IB Questionbank Mathematics Higher Level 3rd edition 6

 Attempt to simplify (M1)


5 5
x 2

 4  x 2 or equivalent A1
x 
3
2
4 2

20 5
 AG
x  4
3
2 2

20 5
When x = 1, > 0 and hence T = 30
x 
3
2
4 2

is a minimum R1 N0
Note: Allow FT on incorrect x value, 0  x  2.

METHOD 2
Attempting to use the product rule M1

 
1
du dv 
u  x , v  x 2  4, 1 and  x x2  4 2 (A1)
dx dx

   
1 3
d 2T  5 5x 2 
5 5 x2  4 2  x 4 2  2x A1
dx 2 2
 
 5 5 5 5 x2 
  3 
   
1
 x2  4 x  4 2 
2
 2

Attempt to simplify (M1)




5 5 x2  4 5 5 x2  
 5 5 x2  4  x2

 A1
x   
3 3
2
4  x 2
 4 
2
 2


20 5
 AG
x 
3
2
4 2

20 5
When x = 1, > 0 and hence T = 30 is a
x 
3
2
4 2

minimum R1 N0
Note: Allow FT on incorrect x value, 0  x  2.
[18]

1
x  ln x
6. (a) (i) f′(x) = x M1A1
x2

IB Questionbank Mathematics Higher Level 3rd edition 7

 1  ln x
=
x2
so f′(x) = 0 when ln x = 1, i.e. x = e A1

(ii) f′(x) > 0 when x < e and f′(x) < 0 when x > e R1
hence local maximum AG
Note: Accept argument using correct second derivative.

1
(iii) y≤ A1
e

1
x2 (1  ln x)2 x
(b) f′″(x) = x M1
x4
 x  2 x  2 x ln x
=
x4
 3  2 ln x
= A1
x3
Note: May be seen in part (a).
f″(x) = 0
–3 + 2 ln x = 0 M1
3
x= e2
3 3
since f″(x) < 0 when x < e 2 and f″(x) > 0 when x > e 2 R1
 3 
 3 
then point of inflexion  e 2 , 3  A1
 
 2e 2 

IB Questionbank Mathematics Higher Level 3rd edition 8

 (c)

A1A1A1
Note: Award A1 for the maximum and intercept, A1 for a vertical
asymptote and A1 for shape (including turning concave up).

(d) (i)

A1A1
Note: Award A1 for each correct branch.

(ii) all real values A1

IB Questionbank Mathematics Higher Level 3rd edition 9

 (iii)

(M1)(A1)
Note: Award (M1)(A1) for sketching the graph of h, ignoring
any graph of g.
–e2 < x < –1 (accept x < –1) A1
[19]

7. (a) (i)

A2
Note: Award A1 for correct sin x, A1 for correct sin 2x.
π
Note: Award A1A0 for two correct shapes with and/or 1 missing.
2
Note: Condone graph outside the domain.

IB Questionbank Mathematics Higher Level 3rd edition 10

 π
(ii) sin 2x = sin x, 0 ≤ x ≤
2
2 sin x cos x – sin x = 0 M1
sin x (2 cos x – 1) = 0
π
x = 0, A1A1 N1N1
3

π
(iii) area = 
0
3 (sin2 x  sinx) dx M1

Note: Award M1 for an integral that contains limits, not necessarily

correct, with sin x and sin 2x subtracted in either order.
π
 1 3
=  2 cos 2 x  cos x  A1
 0
 1 2π π  1 
=   cos  cos     cos 0  cos 0  (M1)
 2 3 3  2 
3 1
= 
4 2
1
= A1
4

π
1 x 4 sin 2 
(b) 
0 4 x
dx   0
6
4  4 sin 2 
× 8 sin θ cos θ dθ M1A1A1

Note: Award M1 for substitution and reasonable attempt at finding

expression for dx in terms of dθ, first A1 for correct limits,
second A1 for correct substitution for dx.
π


0
6 8 sin 2 d  A1
π


0
6 4  4 cos 2 d M1
π
= 4  2 sin 2 06 A1
 2π π
=   2 sin   0 (M1)
 3 3
2π
=  3 A1
3

IB Questionbank Mathematics Higher Level 3rd edition 11

 (c) (i)

M1
from the diagram above
a b
 f ( x)dx  ab   f
1
the shaded area = ( y )dy R1
0 0
b
= ab –  f 1
( x)dx AG
0

x
(ii) f(x) = arcsin  f–1(x) = 4 sin x A1
4
π
2 x π
0 4 3 0 
arcsin  dx   6 4 sin xdx M1A1A1

π
Note: Award A1 for the limit seen anywhere, A1 for all else correct.
6

π
=   4 cos x 06 A1
3
π
= 42 3 A1
3
Note: Award no marks for methods using integration by parts.
[25]

IB Questionbank Mathematics Higher Level 3rd edition 12

8. (a)

A1
Note: Award A1 for correct concavity, passing through (0, 0) and increasing.
Scales need not be there.

(b) a statement involving the application of the Horizontal Line Test or equivalent A1

(c) y= k x
y2
for either x = k y or x  A1
k2
x2
f–1(x) = A1
k2
–1
dom(f (x)) = [0, ∞[ A1

x2
(d)  k x or equivalent method M1
k2
k= x
k=2 A1

b
(e) (i) A=  (y
a
1  y 2 )dx (M1)

4 
1
 2 x 2  1 x 2 dx
A= 
0 
 4 
A1

4
4 3 1 3 
=  x2  x  A1
 3 12 
0

16
= A1
3

IB Questionbank Mathematics Higher Level 3rd edition 13

 (ii) attempt to find either f′(x) or (f–1)′(x) M1
1  1 x
f′(x) = ,  ( f ) ( x)   A1A1
x  2 
1 c
 M1
c 2
2
c = 23 A1
[16]

IB Questionbank Mathematics Higher Level 3rd edition 14