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Neural Control and Coordination

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Doshant Gharte
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250 views26 pages

Neural Control and Coordination

Uploaded by

Doshant Gharte
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' CHAPTER: Chass: 2 ERI 24, NeuraL Conteor AND Co-ORDINATLON = NEURAL SysrEM * Origin 1 Eetoosamat aw Ttnerue cells: Codertrata (Hydra), A polar tips ” Cophaldsation Fivst ‘time io platy hekenin the # Yhe newrol Orgoni Letfon fe very imple in, Fourerinuarteh rates » Fay Srample. in Hy it is compoted of a network of neurone » Vre remial ystean tc batter o anced’ in ingeds, yer @ brain is present oleng ust o ro of gong ue and neal tt KX ust She noutol Ryatem b QU apimals 1 com posed. 4, Natty Spechti- sod tollt Called Neutons, which Can detect yocei and txoat- mit cup feunt kinds of Stimuli. HY vertebrates have o more Oaweloped neutal system: ie — Neuron: (Stuctal Flod Functional Uti of Neurat Lyctem) [News Cou] ———__, Cu body [Cytony Pg cass “t, Nave Cath Past Kong on Srachet Un branch Dandron Arron G8 branches) Caingte) Sencory Nations Morte Capper) CEppet ) Nice Granule [vey colin] nae Myelin Sheath (ost ] tnt in PN C Sehusann coll, FOL Tor Oly qortreieyt. Frnon NUok e (rect Santitive part Axon Myelin Sheoth Serusan 9! Coll AR fsx mation pcr yetin Chest a fae nen Mat Ince > Nods of Ranvier [Non- mylenatid or2a. 4 lus tue ryelin Neusi lemma Xe NS ale] *” Covering of Schumann cells *® tnt on 2 © Schwann colt Synapte. + Rlodet of Ranvies yeh A nt fn only PINGS Prenkmma Newminal [covesing of axon] Axon —> Nise’ Granule i ® Colour Ga bob Ins Cylon, Dendion Cue # CONDUCTION OF IMPULSE [ Electrochemical: Pooces] : CUNrarRECTI ONAL) *Deopobutattor: Electric F cay [Dereron—sey tin —3 Aran—sQendien ] * force 1 Chama a Process ATS Fascicle. C Covenig + Neution Rundia Poret newton (Coweniop of Newor) Bunalle Bptreunion ero) 34 ® Non- Jor + Mm Cyto Present (*) papi achat [Nov potas, Newon] yee Gy Unipolos. : % Cytin & Aron bat 4 Qendton —nt | % eqs tat in emily embryo [ Ueipolas. Newton] Gi) Bipolar Single Dendion * Girgle Akon ¥ * eq: Note, & Eves [Apel Newson] w) Muterpolas } * Cingte Axon . ; # Multiple Rendon * . AR Beg rmosty vt in kedy [ MatHpelas Newton] W) Feondo unipolar : Neurons ° a ey Rovsol Root Gongite 4 GPirol Carret + => HUMAN NeuRae Sys TEM! weuman mewel tye conte of CNS Central Ninout eyedn) and pnt Cperip saat Deg wert ay stem) « BONG ay Brain t Spinal Cord m Png = Cranial nerve + tral newe_ (eal ; 5 Netra 6 [42 pot] [24-past ] never ushith A L Connect CNS Sensory olan t eed leeece ae mined Lens] Cordier Bock ale Skate mute Guest Panes (peripheral Nesvous Syctem’) SNS TANS (Comoadic Nervout gysteny Peteromic neruaut Syston) » Sympadtoctte NS (Cmerpuney ) % Para symparttatic NC. (larmal) > Gowration & Conduction 6 Nerwe Smpulte: HR Newer Ore cx estahle colle beeaute -Huitmembratt aye ‘in Polarized Sorte * Dip forent Yypee of jon Channele a4 4nt on newal membrane Yhere ton Chamel Our LelecHrely permeable “laff sunt hong 4 (Potent iad) [=== - an : { CFom)) Cet mcf fotortned d Ech Net) aie / Hote key grease => Sypes h Ton Channela! ¥ v heaay Zs beokooe , Votege Coates bigan Gana Mechanical Gay Channa ses Chanret (V-6,¢) Renna (LGC) Cromel(M'G0) oporing cle pend Upon — *POpering clapand, opanw ed Bests —g— * Newt ee potential? po rNeidag alan ——E———— 7 Nig and CHimulaction * Aor olwoye opr PF eg-Ch.Na,K ey. Na, Cl tg Na k-chonuls BSSS)Nachamels, channel Chowne, ee Gin at —nt —> Phage of Conduction sf Nerve Fonpulte : @ Polastzaton Rostig Gondit1on) : No! ** Permeatilit L KtT Mme cette Aes _*! Nat shee dit __id age * Resting membrane, 3» —Tomy potedtaL a eee eee etae Froth Woes ~t] # Na-K- Pump on Crfembrane Terfermeobt) @ Depo larization: FActton Cardlition] Stimlaionsp Net, ma 4) No. Chomnelt ma A\cHon memby 4 aie Ho my ee 4-0) In FF 449 oo es * Pomeakitity Nett Mowe Defobr ization Re SNe (430mu] ® Na-K Lous [Stop « Na channel Pump Slows /Atop Teche on D Repolarreadion : ihe * Fhe ft 2 sion att rg tea ttt % Povmacts tity =f? one * No tes No- Kk pump : : ae & Hyperpabr'ration * Coaet eR 0 Duet, Late ebeet ah K chanreky * fotertial > — Foy 1 —Jomy F formeatstity Cee 1 Move Not! Lees * No-K bump! AcHue /20) ney eee Re fobrizatton Na chamel Tractive opesig of, K chanral« Raateg (fom) asad Ge te {terra vGe Drjasnate sev prt arta 0 ” eye ettagts Re polori 2aton (Ctomv) wot if iM ae ket {— AG Nod “ e K aed HH pat polarization Jornv) =ae5 /_—__— J ket +—0 Nord we —> Mechanigen + ss | UU Cae) (Polerizaction) Wt Direction of Conduction of Trp ule: Cet ve) s Treat A —> B © Vt 1B >A ei mn hs { pa et Kt —b Not = ¥ a Pe (Repobrizatter) Bepolurizotion) A++++4 a= om = = sen teee eaS (Polarized ) ® DirecHon 4 Cen ductor of Trep ule. : (He te -ve ) * Oude: C SB © tne: BOC => TRANIMISIt0N of TmPULse :[CHEMZcAL Proce sc] © Conduction of Tonpulte. > Plectro. chemical, Pro cats " " ¢ Gormatt Depolarization) Jon of) Synapse) hot avons} [bles han ad Syrmpse : TuncHon bfus two nenrone- [electrical Gynapse] [Chornical Syrapee ] a a tre S& Qron) wo, ee appt cage antae, Ogymapti cafe % Broptle Clie 060m YD Qumapttt Chit Do -Sonm ® Neurotranmite, — nt x” oe +t % Conduction of Ynpule Bicivection F Gadutetton eof fmpuble Unichectiont H Cmduction speod Fosteat H Omaductiont peed Past Sp yg Gute /tay tnt ¥ eg. tat x Conchine muscle ® ag. mostly it In body b/ur Newareng - > Lrerteal yrapee Z ® W BSP GP [Eecite avd Oo ae ; Cadacyatsp Penishoniente in Graphic ft Post synaptt potential] “yn Becky leholine bird with Na Lc | Geakdour af Acetylcholine tfchalinctrase (eh-E) sige Pes (ae) ase a pcpeate =U [or Newctranumitte, [eg Gee-A " Saofnin] => SIypee of Neurotrane mitiere! 5 ft v [Bnhibrtoy 7 [Excrtosy] * B/Se ae -# Depolsrizatton ” Hyperpelarizadlon ee Bind wstth No channel se Bind ustth CU” Channel. 6 og. Haag om, pap, HOD GAGA (Yrs Nor &pimaphiin Glutamate Weact) dopam's 5 Larstorin, Sep Asfoxtte act => CENTRAL NEURAL SysTEM [CNC] | —2 Covering of Brain’ Arad eG Pam [Mentraes Meniinx ] ute Nene no Lembo oan : desma) Firat PraiatCoff a ma a : flameto. Sores) ‘ Fhrochnoic Grid) (Moving) 4 Cmtact wth Corbrum Po Highly Vow, B Voseulay . hin Layer, » Only tet ir onal —_HUMAN BRarn: (1) fore Broin _ [7 Felencepholon —J? Corebrum Cone fh [Frosancephalon] b> olfactory tate [7 Hippocampus . Ls -tmyg date | Lyric Syttem —+ Dencephalon p> Hypo thalamnet [émetionag row [7 “Tholomus a Ly Eprthatomus (0) Mit Brain = > Cerebral Peduncle Masencephalim CYws tNck 6 News Prenat thick coed oh ani bis Fowe ond Mind 8 rain) > Corpora Quadrigemena Dorsal position) % Yuvo Quperiod Co Lieut (ultuad reflex Yor hpertot Coueuti (Dua aaa ]D Hink Bron > ay Copbaten Bresifieie] Whats Oblongata ) Ly Metencaptalon (fons + Corebetton CeReBRUM FORE BRAIN THALAMUS HYPo- THALAMUS Mzp BRAIN HINd BRALN (4) Fore Brain! © Cerebro w horgett pout oh Breiin CEREBRAL HEMIcf HERE CORPUS COLLASIM Cony +t in on dirma lion braie CEREBRAL, } AQueouCT 7 [Aqueduct of (uloud of Tt] Cui Brwerin n) DCorebrum form by Uso equal half, called Grsbrat Hemis bhuc- ® Fock Sphow contain Corte @ Medulla, (Cortex) & Outen w Fe is CoUacHon /Loxyars Ode Cortex ds hi fee nef eldadan Sunda nt fl 4a ae LUN (MuduLla) #8 Inn w Bt le bundle. 4 myelinclid — Axon, ules for ushit. mortey’ Mean AresugE Cortex (ae y) CeRE MEDULLA Rum (hina) LATERAL ee FORE AQue UT OF Baa SYLVIUM Qi Baan), Oe Venere NTRICLE] HIN 7 Ve a Benin FLura (oF) SPINAL CORD BW CoRPUS Corcosum: Pon nee allie nt onlay in mommalia. brain MUR bundle of newton which connect & Coordinati bis beth hemisphere c. Bony r SPLENUNY me ew & [Porte RtoR] (Corpus Cottosum) — Lobes of Each Hemi sphere: TRAL Bmntol CE eORE Pontetal Lobe. ae [Sencorsy > Hot , Cold, Teer fooant Nouch , Pain, wtaseni musa) and tne oF esa, PARIETO~ Norte /Gustatoy] Prue STV" OCCT PITAL Ct spaeeh FISSURE elle Occipital Lobe. ~henporal [Visum Area] Lobe c : or | Sp > Note: . Cotteetion Oh Clan — a In ONG y uc Lie Dn Pree: Ganglia > Nupee of Nuctie in Corsbrat Cortex: Sensory Area Ranction| Yourh Hot, Cold Yoste ete, “Associsctlon-Arrea Morin are a Corchral cortex # Function! Memory 5 Associaton of, Sentory Inputs , Communi calor Motor Area Cexebral fore | Grier Function: morermert sf Ce ae Skeledal mo etclas rain Cig - movement of Unb, Diercephalan pert Eprthalemus “halamas id Center for SThalanud cee Shral Uypotalamug ® C-ordmotion bly Cantery & rer. — Dientefralon : PINEL Gu AKO THALAMU Coco | Epitrolamus <—_\ 4 Dune be Paral Yhalamus <——___| # Gor ae fost p Hypethalamny < | = 4 Dioneephalon uA ne cunt 4 Actos Pass Cansory tndoorie | Umtte © mon’ j ee % Cordination bla Corto! & @ mote invel Prruatey Spal —> function of Hypothalamus: % The hypottatamut contains a no contaus twohler Cortrot hodky Lemp. Gheromovtat) , urge fer eating @ tvinkhy » Tt olto Contain Sovarol grees of newt cecretovy celle whch Cocret hormoneg Called hypo thalamic hormontt « %® Hypotralomut Cmrtot o¢mo ton The Tnnew parts th Corrbral hemi sbhaius and a group 4 Aexoclatid dap Chute Uke amy adele s Kip po Camput ete. dosm a. Comp ox Ghuctue Calle Limbic Lobe /Liblc Mra- BRAIN: Ve midbrain 2 Iecotea b/us halamut [Hypo thalamg ord pow of He, Hirt brain. A Canal Calle tre” Crrebral Oquecluct h mid-brafn. Ve clorial portion off the mid-breln Consist madn of Jour reunct Swolling- HIND- Beara: [MeduLta OBLongaral] [Pons] [Cegegewum] Control tnvol acdion . ike t Body Reh, Body el stam (Baettive reyhi + m the iter a rane ee next pyc the) | Control Prveccthing ~> CEREBELLUM (Buttery Like) : # Tea Layoatt pout of Axrain # Corebellum alts form by Toro equal half, Called Crcbetlay Hemi cphore —> TREE OF LaFE / “Taken Vr iar] Grey WTKitE erat \ Meeuctasa (ily U bee of tre) VERMLS (tAlormlike) [thick Bundle of A leuron which connect Q Co-ovedmale blur both hemi hare] 4% funecfien : Bolareing | Co ordbot on oh Rect move mats © Inbhite mrodtey, Notes a Beain Shem <> Mia Beefy Hind Brain (Pat + mo) (Cexebebiun —rt) m fosition ef Grey @ WATE mated th eng: "Bi ‘FoReBAAIN Ceeeaewon on a Cord, vit, => _Srinar Coro! ~ Longitudinal Gectfon + FoRAMEN MAGNUM Prroutely new C Tron fot plibethe——_ Eh “phar Umbs | ANLARUGEMENT L j:-J-_-—— QugameteR Sew | ARACHIN OTD, taNtc PLAMETER Proskte a, SUBARACHNOID S64 CE aL ome faq | NUMBER [<> eee bowser “(yb [ENLARGEMENT Conus MEQULARIS Cauzor4, EQuina L/L [Newstev't Uke] be SPINAL Neve FLLLUM TERMENALE *Non- newvoud + only plamedey nt —> Seantwvate ection? E one eeeceen PszvooUNrPoLok NEURoN/ NAL Sinitse SENSORY /AEFERENT/ DOREHL , Cy ey INNER Gary Maree, (Hoan ces) Outen Waite Mares (Funicur) EreecroR tr ) Morogy @ SNTERNEURON — EepeRENT So) Moser) VENTRAL Muceeet) ERATORY TunrerT0Ry “7 Reevex Acton: MIS © Autonomic, Rapids Gpertarescu and involuntary act wick Control ey CONG * ONS 7? Brain 5 Cranial Reflex Ls Spinal Corel —> Spinal Ry ox —> Sopa of Reflex om te Rosis h Comrething Orgons wea H Comirst by Brain A Corot by kpinal Cond % Feast ® fLastut % e.9. Satvatlon. esi th # gq. withohowl of body port, thought , Smell, Youth ete hy chenical mechamcals theca. ek» CHmulation > Tops Reblex on the bortts af Maiaing / Expeuianu t v is [Cenditionat Reflex] eeny, [Unconclitlenc! Ref hx] Weta . GHtusliod by Pouly * €ep aGabdation wh fort, °4 © Sativation ali routes otfaction (nel!) 4; pr P wifebouwal of) be # cysing Paxt + a © Srnec + Hlcoup in, . Sesieoming cD ier “Gupta => Reerex Aec: Re @ poth wich joloused by Imp ule fee Compl! on ot) refs ction, Collad Reflex Are Recebter ——» Gens ory Newton —___, [whey z Are = Efpednl <——wotor Neuron <——_1 Eg tector Ir — Motor Neuron IE Poy SYNAPTIC. SENORY MoNOSYNAPIEG Skin RECEPTOR i> us iy pas of Reflex Ave: ane! [ Monosynoptic] __ [Polysyraptic ] * Siogte Gynapce tnt blus % Wo or more Sfrapre tht Genter & moter neurone , / bios Sengory & motor renner %® Tnternatond Abert % Tirteanewiong Prec % Aped fastert » Yea Fort 0g. Au Reflex Tork EG) AU withdroun Ref lex (Knee , elbow, Tek) REeLeX ARC [ MonoS¥nAPrtt 4 PoLys YNMPTIC REFLEX ARC =? SENSE ORGANG —> Oveactory EprTHEL TUM [Nose] BLEAC TORY Logé OLE ACTORY EPL THELIUAT OLAACTORY NERVE Ze) 2 OLFACTORY BULB, OLFACTORY TRACT OLFACTORY NERVE ETHMOTO Rone Br Polak NEURONS Bowman GLAD [Mucus LAND] OLEACTORY| eID Cre uke- Genk] OLFACTORY RECEPTOR CELLS Support tn CELLS * 1 Q—marth CELLS y (Convert tats LY Sten . olfoedory receptet ® Replaw by: Batal Cue ot ) FH Gengoy fn Nat: > Gustarory RecerroRs [Tonge] * Taste Receptor / Vari Bud = § EPrteHelLtuM OF MIcRoviict ayy TOUNGE Suprortens CELLS [New -nt] > Gusta Tony RECEPTOR CELLS [Newe +0t J Basar CELLe CCuewast rito oe eee Gustatey tuk) CRANIAL Nerve 4 TH! Factal New. AI! Giotgophoryrngasl Newe * tom: Vagus we — Huran Bye: Oude Layer] Fibrous unica] + Fibrous Q Aves cules “amram Gye Middle Lays [Vascular Yunica’] —» Vascular (Blood! Vette +n?) . > Plomenied Black, Blue, Charoict v Brecon ) | op CaS EAT | tis cay Boy Ly focterics [2/3] Qin) Inne, haw [Photo sensory unica] —> Retina beng © Avarcutoy, © Pat + Protien Contain Vebseout Humew, “ite Tetly Like) Yeuloui Spot (Macula Corrin Rect, Ato) cont FAaueout chambor, (Corin oguu RTE) 2 fovea rh *Contreul pit of Yel bot _ wire ety ae Cornea . ony corer fret © Avarculoy, ota vetolution posal . modified Sclesa visual AcHiuity Blin d Spot: “ae Aeabe Crlory Bo eon Blood \ © Release Apucces Chore * Avagewa Opti re sat Homo. & middle Pibrout taxon : — opie New. —> Retinn [Protosencony hewps]) % Vireo havens @ Gangtionic Couly Ginna) diy Bipaly Cons (Micldle ) = Wii) Photerecepter a Outey ) —| => opfeni Ks Cones ob ( Deptaaisain Generation Topuld % Foot ef) Hoke :(Tn Retina’) > fonle Celle Bipolar elt _, Pro receptor calle tess a Te Midale) Coates) ° w Poth of Fmpulee Photoreceptor col (Mepolorixe:thon) — Bipolar callu—> Grarplione Coble ray gi optic Neswe. (Occipltar lobe) > Rodes 2 Gros! —_— i Rovs | © Nov of Rod | 100- 1.90 mltlion Y Active in: Dim Ugnt * mage Black @ White ee (Seotepic Vicon), aw Soncitiity | High 6 Reso luctlon pourer [cones] HNO: oh Coneg: & milbions ® Actie In: rigid Ligne ” Frage! Coloured CPholep ic Vicon) HW Cengitlulty + Lous ~ 2 hous * Retotstlon power : High Wound fetutty Views! dethity 9 * Plament + Rhoclopsin % Pigment ! Ledopsin * Visual + Purple Visual! Violet % Rhoclopcin ® Todopétn : opsin Protien+ Ratna hee opsin protien + Quttral a thxopsi i - pn Chbrepdn Cancel [Rect ] [Green] [Aue] Wane. Live lant > 3 Mfuctclr in Eye: GD) Valuriogy rune 4 Rectus Pacts 2- Oblique Oblique i) “ruchitaay muscles (2 Tridias Puscles Ciliogy Muscles Rodfol Chrewlos ie [e= [res seconds of 4 Digmeter U- Diora tex fye ' of Pupil ap Papit —> Mechoniom of Vitton 1 (Binsculan vision) ® Scoteple vision in Dim Gant i Rotinal [ Kat eis) | Bright /Doak. Dien Light Jexpalanizaction) Rleachtr Kl Eas —_] ‘ opeseg sf Ne choonel optic Nowe. <— Deprlarioton eta Strete sn cote (Qo 29000 He. Balancing Heaing % Gheuctu of Foe: Ci) Brrfernal Box: x Pinna. . hax reeating afoncl oth Cort Gg wh Auditory Conal/ Meatus c "Ss pire Hate, @) Middle Bort ay yh jeud 2» Lmporum (Bar Deum) cen Pp ah ccotnne [Be eon] ConnecHue -Hetie w Lax Osells( 3 Bar oceicles [mts] =. Mateus, + Inu + apa Comect usith Oval uxrelous Syrpanun, Of Frtevrsl cor. @ Luton | Strand Hn of ampubicetion 4 Sound: & Eustachian Jube + Connect wth Phory ne % mraivtain pressure on both Sicke y Yympanune TeMP ORAL Ron MALLEUS Tut Stares IN OVAL WIN Dons Pru: COCHLEAR NERVE CocHL ER Brreena, MEM@RANE AUDITORY oa Sree CANAL, vee UL) Trternal Las: ———__ - = Bony Labyrenith Mombranut Labymnith (clemporal Rone) Crlembr anos pat of I imfernal Gary Cnet rtrd Ba [Pail] Lessig > Munbvanus Pt of Yodel Bag CO oo Henri : ls rt Baloch [ Cochten] Jeatibala ‘ea AL Sorcery Part App erectus on of Cort a ee Contain haw nat ) ane ele Non-motile e/a] ORGAN OF CORTL ScaUA VesTreuLr ScaLa MEOTA ScALA HM PANT COCHLEA > Mechantton of Heariag + INeUs TECTORIAL ME MQRANE Grapes ReTCcMee’s MENRRANE Can ovar Wandou] — Botoncing Past of Box [eutthulas A pporotus ] [3 - Semicirewtar Con ol] OtaLith (A-Y2Z axis) : oo] J Uirdealut occult Sensory: Crista Sontory ' Macula t v Cunctons Fee Dynmonde Function | 6 Linens, Aeceletion RotaHon 0 Getic AccaliaHen GEMICIRCULAR Bunoym ey, tai [*-¥-Z] AMPULLA Verto, Die “Appesiis oe Pat Oeicta AF Urareuius CGalocig) 9 ET seca << 1 Speculuc CocHLe a} Hearty

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