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Pseudocode - Handout - 2023-24 - Grade 8

The document provides information about pseudocode syntax and structure. It defines common data types like integers, characters, and booleans. It explains how to declare variables, assign values, write input and output statements, and use arithmetic, logical, and relational operators. It also demonstrates the syntax for different types of conditional IF statements and WHILE loops to control program flow.

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shishir.saripalli22
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155 views5 pages

Pseudocode - Handout - 2023-24 - Grade 8

The document provides information about pseudocode syntax and structure. It defines common data types like integers, characters, and booleans. It explains how to declare variables, assign values, write input and output statements, and use arithmetic, logical, and relational operators. It also demonstrates the syntax for different types of conditional IF statements and WHILE loops to control program flow.

Uploaded by

shishir.saripalli22
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Handout

2023-2024

Name: Subject: Computer Science


Grade: Topic: Pseudocode
Date:

Data Types
The following keywords are used to designate data types:
• INTEGER: A whole number
• REAL: A number capable of containing a fractional part
• CHAR: A single character
• STRING: A sequence of zero or more characters
• BOOLEAN: The logical values TRUE and FALSE

Variables
Variables hold values that can be modified when a program is executed

Constants
Constants hold values that remain unchanged when a program is executed.

Identifiers
Identifiers are the names given to variables, and constants. They can only contain letters (A–Z, a–z) and
digits (0–9). Keywords should never be used as variables.

Declaring variables
Variables are declared before we use them in pseudocode. This is to define the data type of the variable.
DECLARE <variable name> : <data type>
Handout
2023-2024

Assignments
The assignment operator is ←.
Assignments should be made in the following format:
<identifier> ← <value>
Example – assignments
Counter ← 0
Counter ← Counter + 1
TotalToPay ← NumberOfHours * HourlyRate
Input
Values are input using the INPUT command as follows:
INPUT <identifier>
The identifier should be a variable.

Output
Values are output using the OUTPUT command as follows:
OUTPUT <value(s)>
Several values, separated by commas, can be output using the same command.

Example of Input and Output Statements


INPUT Answer
OUTPUT Score
OUTPUT “You have” , Lives , “lives left”
*In the above example: Answer, Score, Lives are variable names
Handout
2023-2024

Arithmetic Operators
Standard arithmetic operator symbols are used:
• + Addition
• - Subtraction
• * Multiplication
• / Division
MOD - used to find the remainder
DIV - used to find the quotient

Logic operators
The only logic operators (also called relational operators) used are AND, OR and NOT. The operands
and results of these operations are always of data type BOOLEAN.
Selection statements: IF statements
IF statements may or may not have an ELSE clause.

IF statements without an else clause are written as follows:


IF <condition> THEN
<statements>
END IF

IF statements with an ELSE clause are written as follows:


IF <condition> THEN
<statements>
ELSE
<statements>
END IF
Handout
2023-2024

If-ELSEIF-ELSE conditions
IF<condition> THEN
<statements>
ELSE IF <condition> THEN
<statements>
ELSE IF <condition> THEN
<statements>
.
.
ELSE
<statements>
ENDIF

Multiple If conditions
IF<condition> THEN
<statements>
IF <condition> THEN
<statements>
IF <condition> THEN
<statements>
.
.
ENDIF
Handout
2023-2024
Nested IF conditions
IF <condition> THEN
IF <condition> THEN
<statements>
ELSE
<statements>
END IF
ELSE
IF <condition> THEN
<statements>
ELSE
<statements>
END IF
END IF

Iteration Statements:

WHILE LOOP (Pre-condition loops)


Pre-condition loops are written as follows:
WHILE <condition> DO
<statements>
END WHILE
The condition must be an expression that evaluates to a Boolean.
The condition is tested before the statements, and the statements will only be executed if the condition
evaluates to TRUE. After the statements have been executed the condition is tested again. The loop
terminates when the condition evaluates to FALSE.
The statements will not be executed if, on the first test, the condition evaluates to FALSE.

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