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Algebraic Expressions and Identities Class 8 Notes CBSE Maths Chapter 9 (PDF)

The document discusses key concepts in algebraic expressions and identities. It defines expressions as mathematical sentences with variables and/or constants connected by operations. Expressions can be represented on a number line. Terms are the building blocks of expressions and can be single numbers, variables, or products. Monomials contain one term, binomials contain two terms, and polynomials can contain any number of terms. Like terms have the same variables and powers, while unlike terms do not. Algebraic expressions can be added, subtracted, and multiplied using standard rules and identities. Standard identities that are always true for any variable values are also presented.

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Manoj Sharma
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188 views3 pages

Algebraic Expressions and Identities Class 8 Notes CBSE Maths Chapter 9 (PDF)

The document discusses key concepts in algebraic expressions and identities. It defines expressions as mathematical sentences with variables and/or constants connected by operations. Expressions can be represented on a number line. Terms are the building blocks of expressions and can be single numbers, variables, or products. Monomials contain one term, binomials contain two terms, and polynomials can contain any number of terms. Like terms have the same variables and powers, while unlike terms do not. Algebraic expressions can be added, subtracted, and multiplied using standard rules and identities. Standard identities that are always true for any variable values are also presented.

Uploaded by

Manoj Sharma
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Revision Notes

Class 8 Maths
Chapter 9 – Algebraic Expressions and Identities

What are Expressions?


● Expressions are mathematical sentences which include at least two constant,
variables or both connected by mathematical operations.
● For example: 3  5, x  y, 5  y etc.
● Number line and expression: An expression can be shown on a number line as
shown by the example below
● For example: To show x  3 on a number line
● Make x at any distance on number line then move 3 units right of x . The point
P shows x  3 on a number line

● Similarly, if we have to show x  4 on number line Make x at any distance on


number line then move 4 units left of x .

Terms, Factors and Coefficients


● Terms are the building blocks of an expression. It may be single number, single
variable, product of variables, product of numbers or product of number and
variable both.
For example: In expression 3x  5y there are two terms 3x and 5y
● Factors are numbers or algebraic expressions that completely divide another
number or expression.
For example: In expression 5y the factors are 5 and y
● The numerical factor of a term is called coefficients
For example: In expression 5x  7y , 5 and 7 are the coefficients of x and y
respectively

Monomials, Binomials, Polynomials


● Expression that contains only one term is called monomial
For example: 5y,3x, x 2 ,9,ab etc. are monomials
● Expression that contains two term is called binomial
For example: 2x  y,4y 2  z,ab  mn etc. are binomials

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● Expression that contains three term is called trinomial
For example: x  y  z,2a  b  7c,a 2  6b  c 2 etc.
● An expression containing one or more terms with non-zero coefficient and with
variables having non negative exponents is called a polynomial.
● A polynomial may contain any number of terms.
For example: 2x  y,4xy,a  b  c,m 2 etc. are polynomials

Like and Unlike terms


● Like terms are those terms which have the same variable, power of the variable
should also be the same and coefficient can be different.
For example: 6x and 8x are the like terms
● Unlike terms are opposite of like terms, it has different variables.
For example: 5y and 9a are unlike terms

Addition and Subtraction of Algebraic Expressions


● In addition, like terms are added.
For example: Add of 3a  5b  2ab and 2a  3b  7ab
Write like terms below one another then add
3a  5b  2ab
 2a  3b  7ab
5a  8b  9ab
● In subtraction also like terms are subtracted.
For example: Subtract x 2  2x  4xy and 3x 2  2xy
Write like terms below one another then subtract
x 2  2x  4xy
3x 2  2xy
2x 2  2x  6xy

Multiplication of Algebraic Expression


1. Multiplying a Monomial by a Monomial
● The product of two monomial is always a monomial
● For example: Multiplication of 20xy and 4z is 20xy  4z  80xyz
Multiplication of 7z, 2x 2 and 4y is 7z 2x 2  4y  56x 2 yz

2. Multiplying a Monomial by a Polynomial


● Use distributive law to multiply a monomial by a polynomial i.e., multiply
monomial to each term of polynomial

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● For example: Multiplication of 6x and 3x 2  5y is
 6x    3x 2  5y    6x  3x 2    6x  5y 
 18x 3  30xy

3. Multiplying a Polynomial by a Polynomial


● Multiply each term of a polynomial by each term of another polynomial then
combine like terms if any
● For example: Multiplication of  2x  3y  and  2x  3y  z  is
 2x  3y    2x  3y  z    2x  2x  3y  z   3y  2x  3y  z 
   2x  2x    2x  3y    2x  z      3y  2x    3y  3y    3y  z  
  4x 2  6xy  2xz    6xy  9y 2  3yz 
 4x 2  2xz  9y 2  3yz

Identity
● An equation is not true for any value of variable but for certain values.
● Those equation which is always true for any value of variables is called identity.
● Standard identities
The following identities are known as standard identities
1.  a  b   a 2  b 2  2ab
2

2.  a  b   a 2  b 2  2ab
2

3.  a  b  a  b   a 2  b 2
● Another useful Identity
 x  a  x  b   x 2   a  b  x  ab
● These identities make calculation easier.

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