VEHICLE ACCIDENT DETECTION AND ALERT SYSTEM USING ARDUINO GEC HAVERI

PROBLEM STATEMENT
In today’s daily life vehicles hold an important place in everyone’s life. Each day millions
of peoples uses personal and public transport systems to reach their locations on time. Among
these, roadway transport is one of the major transport systems used by commuters. Roadway
transport system not only allows commuters to reach their destination but also allows tons of
goods to reach their destination. This roadway transport system gets affected when it is met with
an accident. Reasons behind it may vary but most of the cases come from drink and drive habits.
They are using the help of various sensors, GPS, GSM, and IoT, to detect accidents and the exact
location of the vehicle. GPS fetches the Geo-Coordinates of the vehicle and with the help of
Google Maps API, the location of the vehicle which had an accident can be tracked. It will help
the ambulance to reach the location with the fastest route and save precious lives. Using the
alcohol sensor, the ignition of the engine can also be controlled to prevent accidents.

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VEHICLE ACCIDENT DETECTION AND ALERT SYSTEM USING ARDUINO GEC HAVERI

INTRODUCTION
Vehicles have great importance in our daily lives today. We utilize them to go to our
workplaces, keep in touch with our friends and families, and deliver our goods. But it can
likewise bring disaster to us and even kill us through accidents. An accident is an unexpected
event, typically sudden in nature and associated with injury, loss, or harm. Accidents are a
common feature of the human experience and result in injury or permanent disability to large
numbers of people worldwide every year. Many accidents also involve damage to or loss of
property. Accidents can occur anywhere during transportation, in the hospital, on the sports field,
or in the workplace. With appropriate safety precautions and awareness of one’s actions
and environment, many accidents can be avoided or prevented. Worldwide, motor vehicle
accidents are a major cause of death, and, despite improvements in automobile safety, projections
have indicated that deaths from traffic crashes will increase significantly by 2030 because of
increased motor vehicle ownership. Examples of causes of traffic accidents include speeding,
drunk driving, distracted driving, and inexperienced driving. Although seat belts can save lives,
millions of people fail to use them. Likewise, helmets are an effective means of protecting
motorcyclists from traumatic brain injury and death, yet many riders choose not to wear a helmet.
Motor vehicle accidents result in a wide range of injuries and often in permanent disability. In an
attempt to limit some of this damage, laws in places around the world have
been enacted specifically to improve road safety. More than 1.3 lakh people died on Indian roads.

To avoid this, the vehicle accident detection and alert system plays an important role that
it has, the vibration sensor can be used in research in order to check the vibration rates of any car.
By monitoring the information from the accelerometer and the vibration sensor, a severe accident
can be recognized. It then sends the alert message through the GSM Module, including the
latitude and longitude data provided by the GPS module, to the family members or the car
owners. So, the family members can immediately trace the location where the accident has
occurred and necessary action can be taken after receiving the emergency message. This system
can prove to be a lifesaver in isolated areas where an accident has occurred and no one is around
to report the accident. Through this system, an accident can be detected and a life can be saved
by the quick response from the emergency services.

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LITERATURE SURVEY

3.1 Accident Detection and Monitoring System Using IoT

Journal: International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
Authors: Dr. D. Karunkuzhali, D. Madhubala, Y. Nisha, Rajeswari.
Year: March 2019.

INTRODUCTION
IoT or the Internet of Things refers to upcoming technology. Today everything will be
based on IoT, the network of the physical objects that can be connected and exchange the message
themselves without human interaction. As accident is the major cause of developing cities,
detecting accidents and monitoring systems is important. In the system, they use ultrasonic
sensors. The sensor measures the distance between the vehicle and also it has been placed front
side of the car. When the car crashes with another then the automatic motor will be off. Then the
information is sent to the server and it has been sent via as a message for the rescue team. The
concept of IoT used in this field will result in saving people. This system will help to reduce
accidents in the cities. It can be used to save people at the right time. Also, send the information
to the rescue team.

METHODOLOGY

Fig 1: Architecture of Proposed Model.

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The Accident Detection and Monitoring system is very helpful in detecting the accident
and is also easy to monitor the accident. When the vibration sensor and mems are used to detect
whether the accident occurred or not. By using mems when the car has been rollover it can
immediately send the signal to the microcontroller. GSM and GPS will send the information to
the server. It also sends the SMS to the respective rescue team or police station. In this SMS the
location where the place of the accident occurred and also show the level of the oxygen inside
the car. So, the rescue team can know the current status of the person inside the car. It has been
designed based on the heartbeat sensor, in which the accident has occurred then the notification
can be sent to the rescue team. It helps the rescue team to measure the range of the heartbeat
present and automatically updates the webpage. The ultrasonic sensor is used to measure the
distance between the vehicles and automatically reduce the speed of the vehicle. A gas sensor is
used to measure the oxygen content inside the car, in which the accident occurred. Then the level
of the oxygen has been updated on the webpage. When there is a small accident has occurred but
there is no effect inside the car, then the information cannot be sent to the hospital by using a
switch.

RESULTS & CONCLUSION

The system provides a design that has the advantages of low cost, portability, and small
size. It consists of an accelerometer sensor, GPS, and GSM, interfacing which reduces the
accident. It also overcomes a lot of problems of automated systems for accident location
detection. Consequently, it reduces the time for searching the location as soon as possible the
person can be treated immediately leading to saving many lives. The main motto of the accident
system project is to decrease the chances of casualties in such accidents. This device invention is
much more useful for accidents occurring in deserted places and those occurring at night time.
This system will play an important role in day-to-day life in the future.

LIMITATIONS & FUTURE SCOPE

Buzzers can be included to detect accidents. If an accident occurs it alerts the

neighbouring place with the alarm sound. This is a single-stage shock sensor; it detects any hard
impact acted on it. These sensors are fixed on all sides of the car to detect the impact that occurred
on it.

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3.2 IoT-Based Vehicle Accident Detection and Tracking System

Using GPS Modem
Journal: International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology.
Authors: Swetha Bergonda, Shruti, Sushmita, Savita Soma.
Year: April 2020.

INTRODUCTION
The Internet of Things (IoT) is the interconnection of uniquely identifiable embedded
computing devices within the existing Internet Infrastructure. Typically, IoT offers advanced
connectivity of devices, systems, and services that go beyond machine-to-machine
communications (M2M) and cover a variety of protocols, domains, and applications.
Transportation is of great importance in our daily lives and its development has made many of
our chores much easier. IoT-based vehicle accident detection systems using GPS and WIFI have
gained attention. When an accident occurs, this system sends a short message to WhatsApp of a
mobile number via Wi-Fi over the internet. The message will give the longitude and latitude
values. From these values location of the accident can be determined.

METHODOLOGY

Fig 2: Block Diagram of Raspberry Pi Model.

When the system is switched on, the LED will be ON indicating that the power is supplied
to the circuit. When the vibration sensor senses any obstacle, it sends an interrupt to Raspberry
Pi. The GPS receives the vehicle's location that met with an accident and gives the information
back. This information will be sent to a mobile number through WhatsApp message. This
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message will be received using the internet present in the circuit. This message will give
information of longitude and latitude values. Using these values, the position of the vehicle can
be estimated. The received data is given to the Raspberry Pi. Correspondingly it gives an
acknowledgement in the form of a WhatsApp message to the mobile phone. LED used in the
circuit displays the reception of messages. The Raspberry Pi interfaced to a GPS modem via the
internet, where the devices are activated using select lines internally built into the internet.
Internet is interfaced to Raspberry Pi via transmit and receive pins. LED is interfaced to any ports
of Raspberry Pi; it is used to display the current status of the GPS modem, and whether data is
being read from GPS.

RESULTS & CONCLUSION

The proposed system uses the IoT for vehicle accident detection alarming the authorities
regarding accidents, and vehicle tracking using GPS Modem. In the project, they designed IoT
IoT-based vehicle accident detection and tracking system using a GPS Modem. Hence IoT can
revolutionize the way the system interacts and responds to a variety of applications, especially in
the case of traffic control.

FUTURE SCOPE

This system can be interfaced with a vehicle airbag system that prevents vehicle
occupants from striking interior objects such as the steering wheel or window. This can also be
developed by interconnecting a camera to the controller module that takes a photograph of the
accident spot which makes the tracking easier.

LIMITATIONS
➢ Costlier.
➢ Sending data not secure.
➢ This system is not applicable for poor network connection places.

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3.3 Accident Detection and Alert System using GPS and GSM
Journal: International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts (IJCRT)
Authors: Sakthi P, Saran Kirthic S N, Santhosh Kumar T M, Salman S S, Pragadeesh S S.
Year: July 2022.

INTRODUCTION
In present days the rate of accidents can increase rapidly. To reduce the accident rate in
the country the paper introduces an optimum solution. An automatic alert system for vehicle
accidents is introduced; the main objective is to control the accidents by sending a message to
the registered mobile using wireless communications techniques. When an accident occurs in a
city, the message is sent to the registered mobile through the GSM module in less time. Arduino
is the heart of the system which helps in transferring the message to different devices in the
system. Sensors will be activated when the accident occurs and the information is transferred to
the registered number through the GSM module. GPS will help in finding the location of the
accident spot. The location can be sent through a tracking system to cover the geographical
coordinates over the area.

METHODOLOGY

16x2 LCD

GPS GSM
RECEIVER ARDUINO MODULE
UNO
HEARTBEAT MEMS
SENSOR
SENSOR

VIBRATION
MODULE
VU
Fig 3: Block Diagram of Accident Detection and Alert System.
In the project, the design of a system that can detect road accidents and identify the
location through GPS. After that, through the GSM interface, this will be notified to the nearest
emergency care unit so that the victim can get immediate medical attention. they also include a
heartbeat measure sensor. MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical System) is a chip-based
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technology where sensors are composed of a suspended mass between a pair of capacitive plates.
A heartbeat sensor is an electronic device that is used to measure the heart rate i.e., the speed of
the heartbeat. Monitoring body temperature, heart rate, and blood pressure are the basic things
that keep us healthy. The system comprises of accelerometer, GPS & GSM Module support in
sending messages. The accelerometer is used to detect falls and threshold algorithms are used to
detect accidents. Short Message will contain GPS [Latitude, Longitude] which helps in locating
the vehicles.

RESULTS & CONCLUSION

The GPS receiver has become an integral part of a vehicle. Besides being used for other
purposes, the GPS can also monitor the speed and detect an accident. It can use a very cheap and
popular GSM modem to send the accident location to the Alert Service Centre. It can also send
the last speed before the accident which will help to assess the severity of the accident and can
initiate a voice call. Besides the automatic detection system, the vehicle occupant will be able to
manually send the accident situation by pressing the Manual Detection Switch.

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3.4 Arduino-Based Vehicle Accident Detection System

Journal: International Journal for Technological Research in Engineering
Authors: Viplove Rohilla, Monica Bazzad.
Year: April 2019.

INTRODUCTION
Vehicle accidents are one of the leading causes of death. Road accident is the most
unwanted thing to happen to a road user, though they happen quite often. The most unfortunate
thing is that we don't learn from our mistakes on the road. To save people life’s from a road
accident, they are going to build an Arduino based vehicle accident alert system using GPS,
GSM, and an accelerometer. The accelerometer detects the sudden change in the axes of the
vehicle and the GSM module sends the alert message on your Mobile Phone with the location of
the accident. The location of the accident is sent in the form of the Google Map link, derived
latitude and longitude from the GPS module. The Message also contains the speed of a vehicle
in knots.

METHODOLOGY

Fig 4: Block Diagram of Arduino Based Vehicle Accident Detection.

Arduino is used for controlling whole the process with a GPS Receiver and GSM module.
GPS Receiver is used for detecting the coordinates of the vehicle, the GSM module is used for
sending the alert SMS with the coordinates and the link to Google Maps. The accelerometer
namely ADXL335 is used for detecting accidents or sudden changes in any axis. An optional

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16x2 LCD is also used for displaying status messages or coordinates. They used GPS Module
SIM28ML and GSM Module SIM900A. whenever there is an accident, the car tilts, and the
accelerometer changes its axis values. These values are read by Arduino and check if any change
occurs in any axis. If any change occurs, then Arduino reads coordinates by extracting $GPGGA
String from GPS module data (GPS working explained above) and sends an SMS to the
predefined number to the police or ambulance or family member with the location coordinates
of the accident place. The message also contains a Google Map link to the accident location, so
that location can be easily tracked. When we receive the message, we only need to click the link
and we will redirect to the Google map and then we can see the exact location of the vehicle.

RESULTS & CONCLUSION

The proposed system is developed to provide information about the accident that occurs
and the location of the accident. It helps to easily provide assistance and help to the victim of the
accident. This system uses a GPS module to locate the vehicle. GSM is used to provide
information about an accident. The results of the proposed systems are satisfactory.

FUTURE SCOPE

In the future, the proposed model can interface with different sensors such as alcohol
detectors, drowsiness detectors, heart rate detectors, etc. In terms of this,accidents can be
prevented and save lives. This can also be developed by interconnecting to a controller module
that takes the photographs of the accident spot which makes the tracking easier.

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3.5 Accident Detection and Alert System

Journal: Journal of Engineering, Computing & Architecture
Authors: Dr. C. K. Gomathy, K Roha, Bandi Mani Kiran Reddy, Dr. V Geetha.
Year: May 2022.

INTRODUCTION

The rate of accidents has increased rapidly. Due to employment, the usage of vehicles
like cars, and bikes has increased, and because of this reason accidents can happen due to
overspeed. To reduce the accident rate in the country the paper introduces a solution. The main
objective is to control the accidents by sending a message to the registered mobile, hospital, and
police station using wireless communications techniques. When an accident occurs in a city or
any place, the message is sent to the registered mobile through the GSM module in less time.
Arduino is the heart of the system which helps in transferring the message to different devices in
the system. A vibration sensor will be activated when the accident occurs and the information is
transferred to the registered number through the GSM module. The GPS will help in finding the
location of the accident spot. The proposed system will check whether an accident has occurred
and notify the nearest medical centers and registered mobile numbers about the place of the
accident using GSM and GPS modules.

METHODOLOGY

Fig 5: Arduino Based System.

In the system, the external vibrations of the vehicle are detected by the accident detection
module and when it is detected, a function is called to find the current location of the user with
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the help of GPS in the Location Detection Module. The location data obtained from the GPS is
sent to the emergency services to request help. The vehicle unit consists of an accelerometer
which keeps on informing the coordinate of vehicle position to the microcontroller. If it is found
at random, the GPS location tracker tracks and informs the emergency number with values of
latitude, longitude, and Google map position using the GSM SIM module.

Fig 6: Vehicle Unit Service System.

The vehicle unit sends the information to the emergency contacts like the police control room
and an ambulance unit.

RESULTS & CONCLUSION

The proposed programmed accident detection system can be a rescuer of life for people who
meet with accidents. The proposed system is exceptionally easy to understand and even a non-
specialized Person can use it without any problem. The system consists of equipment and
programming segments. The equipment unit includes accident detection sensors that are
constrained by an Arduino board and are fitted in the vehicle. Then again, the programming part
is an Android application introduced in driver's Smartphones which is used to get the point-by-
point map. In general, the benefits of this system are low cost, secure, and simple to use. The
system introduced in this work reduces the casualties due to accidents.

LIMITATIONS & FUTURE SCOPE

The proposed system deals with the detection of accidents. However, it can be extended
by providing medication to the victims at the accident spot. By increasing the technology, it also
avoids accidents by providing alert systems that can stop the vehicles to overcome the accidents.

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3.6 IoT-Based Accident Detection System for Smart Vehicles

Journal: Sathyabama Institue of Science and Technology
Authors: Madala Sai Teja, Vundamodugula Rahul.
Year: May 2022.

INTRODUCTION

In this project, an IoT-based accident detection system is built with the help of NodeMCU
ESP8266 Module and a Vibration Sensor which will detect the accident and send an emergency
email to the registered email address using unbidots cloud. To reduce the accident rate in the
country this paper introduces an optimum solution. An automatic alert system for vehicle
accidents is introduced. The main objective is to control the accidents by sending a message to
the registered mobile using wireless communications techniques.

METHODOLOGY

Fig 7: Block Diagram of the Smart Vehicle.

Nodemcu is the heart of the system which helps in transferring the message to different
devices in the system. A vibration sensor will be activated when the accident occurs and the
information is transferred to the registered number through the ubidots cloud module. GPS will
help in finding the location of the accident spot. The proposed system will check whether an
accident has occurred and notify to nearest medical centers and registered mobile numbers about
the place of the accident using GSM and GPS modules. The location can be sent through a
tracking system to cover the geographical coordinates over the area. The accident can be detected

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by a vibration sensor which is used as a major module in the system. When an accident occurs in
a city, the message is sent to the registered mobile through Ubidot cloud module in less time.

RESULTS & CONCLUSION

IoT is a rapidly growing area of technology, and it has been successfully deployed in a
car and a few tests have been conducted. Implementation of Vehicle Monitoring and Tracking
system is implemented using an ultrasonic sensor, gas sensor, IR sensor, temperature sensor, and
GPS module to increase the safety of the driver and avoid accidents, by using the system
constantly checks the driver and the conditions of the car are checked and also the location of the
vehicle is traced. The driver or the person in the car is alerted by the mobile application. The
system is cost-effective, dynamic, and efficient.

LIMITATIONS & FUTURE SCOPE

The system can be interfaced with a vehicle airbag system that prevents vehicle occupants
from striking interior objects such as the steering wheel or window. It can also be developed by
interconnecting a camera to the controller module that takes a photograph of the accident spot
which makes the tracking easier.

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OBJECTIVES
➢ Accident detection: The system should be able to detect an accident as quickly as
possible to minimize the time it takes for emergency responders to arrive at the scene.
➢ Accurate accident location: The system should be able to provide the exact location of
the accident to emergency responders. This will help them to reach the scene quickly and
efficiently.
➢ Enhance road safety and accident prevention: The system can prevent accidents by
detecting the vehicles in the curving of the road by indicating safe symbols.

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METHODOLOGY OF WORK

BLOCK DIAGRAM

POWER MQ3 SENSOR

SUPPLY

DHT11

GSM VIBRATION
MODULE SENSOR

GPS
ARDUINO ADXL
UNO
LCD
FIRE SENSOR

RELAY

BUZZER

VEHICLE
ULTRA SONIC
SENSOR
PULSE
SENSOR

Fig 8: Block Diagram for the Proposed Model.

An Arduino-based vehicle accident detection and alerting system utilizes a combination
of sensors and communication modules to effectively identify and notify emergency services in
the event of an accident. The system comprises an Arduino microcontroller as the central
processing unit, a GSM module for sending SMS alerts, a GPS module for acquiring location
coordinates, an LCD display for providing visual feedback, a vibration sensor for detecting
sudden impacts, and a switch for manual activation. The vibration sensor plays a crucial role in
identifying potential accidents. By continuously monitoring vibrations, the sensor can detect
sudden accelerations or decelerations indicative of a collision. The MQ3 gas sensor for detecting
alcohol levels if alcohol is detected the vehicle ignition will automatically turn off. DHT11 for

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temperature and humidity, vibration and fire sensors to identify collision impact and potential
hazards, ADXL for acceleration monitoring, pulse sensor for detecting heartbeat of the driver in
case any variations in the heartbeat it sends the alert message, the ultrasonic sensor for detecting
the vehicles in the curving’s of the road and a GPS module for location tracking. The Arduino
continuously reads the sensor values and compares them to pre-defined threshold levels. If the
sensor values exceed the thresholds, the system triggers the accident detection mechanism. Upon
accident detection, the Arduino initiates the alerting process. The GPS module acquires the
vehicle's current location coordinates, and the GSM module utilizes this information to send an
SMS alert to pre-configured emergency contacts. The SMS message typically includes the
accident location coordinates, the time of the accident, and a brief description of the incident.
The LCD display provides visual feedback to the vehicle occupants, indicating the system
status and any relevant information. It can display messages like "Accident Detected" or
"Emergency Alert Sent" to inform the occupants about the system's actions. A manual activation
switch is also incorporated into the system to allow occupants to manually trigger an emergency
alert in case the automatic detection mechanism fails. This manual override ensures that
emergency services are notified even if the system's automatic detection capabilities are
compromised. The Arduino-based vehicle accident detection and alerting system effectively
integrates various sensors and communication modules to provide a reliable and comprehensive
solution for accident detection and notification. The system's ability to automatically detect
accidents and send emergency alerts can significantly enhance road safety and improve response
times in case of accidents.

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APPLICATIONS/BENEFITS
➢ Accident information system.
➢ The system can be interfaced with vehicle airbag system.
➢ Navigation system.
➢ Automotive and transport vehicles.
➢ Driver monitoring.

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