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Rectenna Designs for RF Energy Harvesting System: a Review

Article in International Journal on Communications Antenna and Propagation (IRECAP) · April 2016
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 International Journal on Communications Antenna and Propagation (I.Re.C.A.P.), Vol. xx, n. x

Rectenna Designs for RF Energy Harvesting System: a Review

S. Ahmed1, M. N. Husain2, Z. Zakaria3, M. S. I. M. Zin4, A. Alhegazi5

Abstract – In this paper, a review of different types of rectifying antennas (rectennas), used for
harvesting RF ambient signals, is presented. This work focuses on rectenna design as one
important technique of wireless energy transfer. The most important parameters in rectenna
design such as conversion efficiency, rectenna size, antenna gain and polarization, rectifier
element, and overall performance of the rectenna are studied and compared. It is noted from
studies that rectenna design suffers from low conversion efficiency and large size which limit their
use in wireless applications. Therefore, to overcome the above mentioned limitations, some
techniques such as microstrip antenna with, a metamaterial structure, harmonic suppression and
circular polarization properties can be suggested. A voltage doubler rectifier can be used with the
metamaterial microstrip antenna to improve the conversion efficiency of the rectenna. Hence,
High efficiency and small size of the rectenna will enable the rectenna to produce sufficient DC
voltage and current to charge batteries used in medical applications and wireless sensors
applications as well.

Keywords: Metamaterial Antenna, Rectifying antenna (Rectenna), Rectifier, Review, RF Energy

Harvesting

I. Introduction developed rectifying antenna named as a rectenna [5] in

Nowadays, most energy resources are gas, oil and 1960s.This rectenna could achieve efficiency of 40 % at
nuclear industries. These sources of energy are not An output of 7 WDC. Besides that, Brown’s team has
guaranteed to last very long age and their prices are not conducted experiments on microwave power transmission
regular. Besides that, it is non-friendly environment. in 1968 which were successful. Microwave power
Alternative energy resource that avoid the disadvantages transmission is a particular part of wireless power transfer
of current energy resources is needed. There have been a where power is at very high frequencies such as 2.45
lot of researches and efforts on energy harvesting [1]-[3] GHz or 5.8 GHz of Industrial Scientific Medical band
in order to find cleaner, greener and safer energy (ISM).The advantage of microwave power transfer is that
resource. There are many resources from which energy it provides high efficiency for long-distance power
can be harvested such as solar energy, wind energy, transmissions. Therefore, this paper studies, compares
vibration, and electromagnetic ambient signals. This different types of rectenna designs at frequency of 2.45
review paper focuses mainly on extracting energy from GHz, and suggests some techniques to enhance the
electromagnetic ambient signals using rectifying antenna rectenna design.
(rectenna). In order for the rectenna to harvest ambient Rectenna is a device used to capture RF ambient
signals and supply a DC voltage to low power electrical signals and converts them into a DC voltage to power low
and electronic devices, the principle of wireless power power devices such as wireless sensor [6]. Rectenna, in
transfer (WPT) is applied. Rectenna is considered as a its basic structure, consists of four elements, as shown in
very important element in wireless power transfer as it fig. 1, which are antenna, rectifier, harmonic suppression
can determine how efficient is the power being transfer filter and load resistance. The antenna works as a receiver
by using MP-DC conversion efficiency. to capture ambient RF signals. There are many types of
Wireless power transfer (WPT) is a process in which antenna designs with different structures such as
power can be transferred from one point to another with microstrip patch antenna, dipole antenna, bipolar
no medium required [4]. The first theoretical knowledge antenna, array antenna, planar antenna, Yagi-Uda
about wireless power transfer is back to 1864 by antenna, Helix antenna, parabolic antenna, etc. These
Maxwell. After that, Nikola Tesla, at the end of 19th antennas have different designs structure and different
century, tried many experiments on transferring properties so it can be used for different applications.
electricity without wires. However, these experiments
were not successful because they used frequency of 150 Receiving Matching Rectifier
Antenna LPF Network Circuit
KHz which is quite far of high frequency technologies at
that time. With the development in wireless RF signals Output DC Voltage
communication technologies, William C. Brown
Fig. 1. General rectenna structure.

Manuscript received January 2007, revised January 2007 Copyright © 2007 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. - All rights
reserved
 S. Ahmed, M. N. Husain, Z. Zakaria, M. S. I. M. Zin, A. Alhegazi

section III. Finally, techniques for rectenna design

The antenna is able to capture RF signals. However, enhancement are suggested in section IV.
the signals have some harmonics which cause signal
losses and interference. To overcome harmonics
generated, low-pass filter is used. Low-pass filter does II. Background and Related Works
the function of harmonic rejection to eliminate losses in In this review paper, there are many rectenna designs
power. Once the smooth AC signals are produced, that have been studied based on different rectenna
rectification is needed. Rectifier is used to rectify the parameters. Table 1 shows different types of rectenna
signals by using rectifying diodes. There are three types designs, which are compared in terms of the antenna and
of rectifier configurations which are single diode, voltage rectifier element used. There have been many researches
multiplier and bridge of diodes. Single diode and bridge about rectenna, which aimed to improve its design by
rectifiers can provide a DC voltage to the load. However, using different techniques and methods. For example, the
the amplitude of the output signals is lower than the author in [7] has proposed a design and implantation of
received signal amplitude. The voltage multiplier is used dual linear polarized rectenna at frequency of 2.45 GHz
as it can produce double amplitude of the received with incident power of 25 to 200 µw/cm2. This rectenna
signals. The end stage of the rectenna design is the load design can achieve a maximum efficiency of 54%.
resistance. Load resistance is adjusted during design so Author compared source-pull RF-DC, shown in fig. 2(a),
high output DC voltage can be achieved. with harmonic balance simulation, shown fig. 2(b), to
There have been many Researches aiming to improve choose the optimum diode impedances so that the
the rectenna efficiency and reduced its size. In [7], a efficiency can be increased. However, the total efficiency
Source–pull RF-to-DC configuration is used to improve achieved is 54% which can be further improved.
the efficiency. Array antenna is used to improve the gain
of the antenna so the efficiency is increased [8]-[10]. In
[11], the rectenna efficiency is increased by using Buck-
Boost converter. The Ground coplanar waveguide
integrated with voltage doubler rectifier is used in [12] to
enhance the efficiency. In [13], NMOS bridge rectifier is
used to increase the power being transferred, which
results in a high efficiency. The techniques used in [7]-
[13] have improved the rectenna efficiency. However, the
adoption of these techniques causes enlargement in the
rectenna size. T-shape slot and U-shape slots are used to
reject unwanted harmonics replacing the external filter so (a)
rectenna size is reduced as proposed in [14]. In [15],
rectenna design is miniaturized by using circular shape
slot. There is a tradeoff between the rectenna efficiency
and its size. Therefore, this review paper discusses
different rectennna designs and suggest some techniques
to improve the rectenna efficiency and reduced its size to
be compatible with wireless applications.
This review paper is organized as follows. First, the
rectenna is introduced in section I. In section II,
(b)
Background and related works is presented. A Results
comparison of reviewed rectenna designs are presented in Fig. 2. Block diagram: (a) source–pull RF-DC measurement (b)
harmonic-balance simulations [7]

TABLE 1
LITERATURE REVIEW SUMMARY OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF RECTENNA DESIGNS

Ref Year Author Antenna type Rectifier element Remarks

[7] 2012 Erez falkenstein Dual linear polarized SMS7630-79 Schottky Source–pull RF-to-DC configuration is applied
patch antenna diode to obtain the best diode impedance.
[8] 2014 Mohamed Adel 3× 3 array antenna HSMS-2820 Schottky Circular polarized and high efficiency rectenna
SENNOUNI with circular diode is designed. However, 3×3 array antenna has
polarization property resulted in a large size of the rectenna.
[9] 2011 Ugur Olgun 2 ×2 Fractal planar Greinacher rectifier Integration of array antenna with Zero-bias
array antenna diodes rectifier is used. But, the design has
large size.

Copyright © 2007 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. - All rights reserved Int. Journal on Communications Antenna and
Propagation, Vol. xx, n. x
 International Journal on Communications Antenna and Propagation (I.Re.C.A.P.), Vol. xx, n. x

[10] 2006 Jamal Zbitou, Linear polarized 4- HSMS2820 High electron-mobility transistor is used to
element patch array Schottky Zero-bias reduce the overall rectenna dimensions but due
antenna (ZB) diode to the array antenna adoption, the rectenna size
still large.
[11] 2013 Yong Huang NA MOSFET, Schottky Buck-Boost converter is used for high
diode, conversion efficiency of the rectifying circuit.
[12] 2015 Mei-Juan Nie broadband slot antenna Schottky diode of Ground coplanar waveguide integrated with
fed by GCPW HSMS-2862 voltage doubler rectifier is used to achieve high
efficiency.
[13] 2012 Onur Kazanc Miniaturized tag NMOS bridge NMOS bridge rectifier is used for maximum
antenna power transfer that consists of BSIM model of
zero-VT transistors.
[14] 2014 Chou, J. H., Lin Dual circularly HSMS282c Slotting technique of T and U shapes is used to
polarized patch diode achieve circular polarization and harmonic
antenna rejection properties.
[15] 2008 Tzong-Chee Yo Circularly polarized Tow pair of HSMS- The size of the rectenna is reduced by 12% due
Patch antenna 282c to the use of circular shape slots and double
Schottky diodes layer structure techniques implementation.
[16] 2010 Gianfranco Andia Square coupled patch SMS7630 Schottkty The size of the patch side is reduced by 32.5%
Vera with a cross shaped diode as an advantage of cross shaped slot adaption.
slot
[17] 2010 H. Takhedmit linearly polarized Two HSMS2860 The rectenna design is suitable for wireless
patch antenna Schottky diodes with sensor applications as it does not required a low
SOT23 package pass filter.
[18] 2012 Fu-Jhuan Huang Microstrip antenna NA The output voltage is higher with LP than with
with peripheral CP. However, the LP output voltage is affected
cuts and slits by rectenna rotation.
[19] 2012 Jui-Hung T-shape slot dual HSMS-282c Schottky T-shape slot technique is applied to the antenna
circular polarized detector diode for circular polarization property so that more
patch antenna signals can be captured.
[20] 2012 S. Vinoth Kumar Microstrip patch HSMS-282c diode This design has a low conversion efficiency
antenna which can be improved by using voltage
doubler.
[21] 2012 Vlad Marian Single-pole 4 Throw HSMS2860 Schottky The series-mounted diode rectenna, bridge
(SP4T) switch diode configuration rectenna and shunt-connected
integrated structure diode rectenna are considered for very low input
antenna power level, large input power range and mid-
range, respectively.
[22] 2012 H. Takhedm it, L. Antenna with shorted HSMS2850 Rectifier is designed at the back side of the
Cirio annular ring –slot zero bias Schottky antenna, which make the structure more
diode compact and lower cost.
[23] 2013 Wen Huang Microstrip dipole HSMS-282 Schottky The design structure at 2.45 GHz limits the
antenna diode compatibility of the rectenna for some wireless
sensor applications.
[24] 2010 H. Takhedmit, Linear polarized Bride rectifier consists This rectenna has low cost and good
microstrip patch of four Schottky diodes performance but the output DC voltage need to
antenna be further improved.
[25] 2010 A. Georigiadis Square aperture- SMS7630 Schottky Thevenin equivalent circuit of antenna is used
coupled patch antenna diode for receiving signals. However, the total
conversion efficiency is low.
[26] 2008 Douyere, A, Lan Sun Square model patch HSMS2860 Schottky In this design, equivalent circuit model formed
Luk antenna diode of antenna and rectifier is studied. This design
achieves efficiency of 75 % with no need for
any electromagnetic simulation software.

In [16], a dual linearly polarized rectenna is designed at harmonic balance is used to enable the circuit operate at
2.45GHz. It has square aperture coupled patch antenna low power densities, the maximum efficiency obtained is
with etched slot on its surface. The slotting technique 42.1%, at input power of -10dBm, as shown in fig. 3(a).
applied, in this design, has the advantage of reducing the The Rectifier maximum RF-to-DC conversion efficiencies
size of the patch by 32.5%. Although the is 15.7% and 42.1% for incident power of -20dBm and -
10dBm, respectively, as shown in fig. 3(b).

Manuscript received January 2007, revised January 2007 Copyright © 2007 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. - All rights
reserved
 S. Ahmed, M. N. Husain, Z. Zakaria, M. S. I. M. Zin, A. Alhegazi

(a)

(a)

(b)
Fig. 4. (a) Receiving antenna Thevenin equivalent circuit (b) RF-to-dc
efficiency versus frequency [25]

The author in [8] designed a rectenna that consists of

3×3 array antenna, fig. 5(a), with circular polarization
(b) property, and Zero-Bias Schottky diode rectifier. This
design can achieve a conversion efficiency of 65.8% at
Fig. 3. (a) The Rectifier simulated efficiency versus frequency (b)
20dBm incident power, fig. 5(b), and output DC voltage
Measured rectenna efficiency [16]. of 7.02 V. When the aperture area of antenna increases,
the antenna gain increases as well. The use of array
antenna in this design has increased the total RF ambient
A rectenna design at 2.45 GHz that consists of dual
waves harvested. Unfortunately, the 3×3 array antenna
linearly polarized square aperture-coupled patch antenna
adopted, in this design, has resulted in a quite large
and rectifying circuit, is designed in [25]. The reciprocity
rectenna size, which make it unsuitable to be used in
theory is applied to obtain the Thevenin equivalent circuit
some wireless sensor applications.
of the receiving antenna as shown in fig. 4(a). The
optimized rectifying circuit is obtained using harmonic
balance analysis. By using cross slots-shape on the
antenna patch surface, it leads to a reduction in patch size
by around 35.5%, which is the same technique used in
[16].The circuit was optimized for very low input power
densities of 1.5 µW/cm2. However, the efficiency
achieved is 38.2% as shown in fig. 4(b).These efficiencies
obtained in [7], [16] and [25] are relatively low and
improvement need to be considered so that the output DC
voltage would be increased.

(a)

Copyright © 2007 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. - All rights reserved Int. Journal on Communications Antenna and
Propagation, Vol. xx, n. x
 S. Ahmed, M. N. Husain, Z. Zakaria, M. S. I. M. Zin, A. Alhegazi

Fig. 6. (a) Buck-Boost converter circuit (b) Results of efficiency versus

RF-DC-DC circuit load resistance [11].
The author in [20] has presented a design of rectenna at
2.45GHz. This design consists of microstrip patch
antenna, filter and rectifier circuit. During rectification
process, harmonics are being reradiated back to the
antenna which resulted in low total efficiency due to the
loss in power. To eliminate harmonics reradiating back,
filter is adopted. Filter is used to suppress the harmonics
and maximizes the total conversion efficiency. The DC
output voltage achieved is 1 V at incident power of 2dBm
as shown in fig. 7(a), which consider quite low. Despite
the adaption of harmonic rejection filter in this design,
(b) harmonics still generated as shown in fig. 7(b). From
Fig. 5. (a) The proposed 3X 3 antenna array (b) rectifier efficiency
results obtained, circular polarization technique and
versus input Power [8] voltage doubler implementation are suggested by the
author, to improve the efficiency and the performance of
In many rectenna designs, the total conversion the rectenna.
efficiency is affected by the load impedance as well as the
input power. For any change in load impedance or input
power, the rectenna efficiency will degrade. In order to
solve such problem a design of rectenna connected to
Buck-Boost converter, fig. 6(a), is proposed in [11].
Although the load resistance changes from 100Ω to
5000Ω at incident power of 82mW, the maximum
efficiency achieved is 60% as shown in fig. 6(b). Buck-
Boost converter improves the RF-DC-DC conversion.
However, the rectenna design becomes more complex and
costly.

(a)

(a)

(b)
Fig. 7. (a) Simulated and measurement results of Antenna connected to
the Filter (b) Input Power vs. output DC Voltage [20]

The most important parameters in rectenna design are

efficiency of rectenna, cost and the overall size of the
(b) rectenna. In reviewed work [7], [16] and [25], the
Copyright © 2007 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. - All rights reserved Int. Journal on Communications Antenna and
Propagation, Vol. xx, n. x
 S. Ahmed, M. N. Husain, Z. Zakaria, M. S. I. M. Zin, A. Alhegazi

rectenna Design suffers from very low efficiency that However, these designs required eight ports and eleven
results in low DC output voltage. feeds which increase the cost and complexity of these
Rectenna size can determines the application in which designs. Orthogonal feed lines technique is used in [14],
it can be used. Array antenna can capture more RF signals [41] and [42] which provides dual polarization mode by
but it increases the overall size of the rectenna [8]. Buck- delay in excitation, but there is trade-off between the
Boost converter circuit can improve the rectenna isolation loss and the return loss which make the design
performance. However, rectenna size and cost are complex. Microstrip antenna with single feed can achieve
increased [11]. The advantages of adding a filter to the circular polarization property as proposed in [43]-[45] to
rectenna design are to reject the generated harmonics and reduce complexity. However, the axial ratio bandwidth
eliminates the interference as presented in [27]-[34]. achieved are 2%, 14.6%, 23%, respectively, which are
Despite the advantages of filter adoption, it has quite narrow.
disadvantages of increasing the size and the cost of the
rectenna. Besides that, it introduces an isolation loss
which reduces the rectenna efficiency. III. Results Comparison of Different
A circular polarization property is another important Rectenna Designs
feature of the rectenna design [35]-[37] that can increase
Table 2 shows the results comparison of several
the captured ambient signals and reduces the polarization
rectenna designs based on input power, output power,
loss associated with the linear polarization antennas. In
antenna gain and total conversion efficiency achieved at
[38], novel planar antenna is presented showing wide
2.45 GHz, where “NA” symbol corresponds to “not
impedance bandwidth, small size and low cost. But this
available data in the reviewed paper”.
antenna suffer from polarization loss due to it is linear
polarization (LP). A dual mode polarization with constant
beam width and compact size is presented in [39]-[40].
Table 2
COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF RECTENNA RESULTS
Ref Author/year Frequency Antenna Gain Input power Output power Efficiency (ɳ)
(GHz) (%)
[7] Erez Falkenstein, 2012 2.45 6 dB 25-200 µW/cm2 0.1 W 54%
[8] Mohamed Adel 2.45 9.14 dBi 20dBm 7.02V 65.8%
SENNOUNI, 2014
[9] Ugur Olgun, 2011 2.45 4.5 dBi -5dBm NA 68%
[10] Jamal Zbitou, 2006 2.45 6.8 dBi 25dBm 11 V 65%

[11] Yong Huang, 2013 2.45 NA 82mW NA 60%

[12] Mei-Juan Nie, 2015 2.45 10 dBi 13dBm 4.2 V 72.5%
[13] Onur Kazanc, 2012 2.45 6.5 dB 0dBm / 560 µW 75%
-6 to 6dBm
[14] Chou, J. H., Lin, 2014 2.45 7.9 dBic 0.158 W 11.42 V 82.3%
[15] Tzong-Chee Yo, 2008 2.45 3.36 dBic 20dBm 15.8V 70.6%
[16] Gianfranco Andia Vera, 2.45 7.5 dB -10dBm NA 42.1%
2010
[17] H. Takhedmit, 2.45 6.2 dB 10dBm/ 3.1 V 83%
2010 0.01 W
[18] Fu-Jhuan Huang, 2012 2.45 3.6 dBi 25dBm 2.76 V 37.8%
[19] Jui-Hung, 2012 2.45 8 dBic 24dBm NA 78.45%
[20] S. Vinoth Kumar, 2012 2.45 NA 2dBm 1V NA

[21] Vlad Marian, 2012 2.45 NA 0dBm 2.1 V 50%

[22] H. Takhedmit, L. Cirio, 2.45 5.25 dB 10 µW/cm2 1.1 V 50%
2012
[23] Wen Huang, 2013 2.45 5.2 dBi 20dBm 7.1 W 67.6%
[24] H. Takhedmit, Merabet, 2.45 4.7 dB 10dBm 3.64 V/ 12.6mW 52%
2010 0.15mW/cm2
[25] A. Georgiadis, 2010 2.45 8.25 dB 1.5 W/cm2 NA 38.2%
[26] Douyere, A., Lan Sun 2.45 NA 32mW NA 75%
Luk, 2008

Copyright © 2007 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. - All rights reserved Int. Journal on Communications Antenna and
Propagation, Vol. xx, n. x
 S. Ahmed, M. N. Husain, Z. Zakaria, M. S. I. M. Zin, A. Alhegazi

IV. Techniques suggested for Rectenna

Design Enhancement
At this point, it is important to suggest applying some
techniques to the antenna and rectifying circuit designs so
that issues with rectenna designs presented in prior
literature such as low conversion efficiency, large size
and high cost can be avoided. This review paper
recommends the use of microstrip patch antenna with a
metamaterial structure as shown in fig. 8. Microstrip
antennas have the advantages of low profile, low cost,
small size, capability of providing circular polarization
property. Meanwhile, a metamaterial structure can Fig. 9. Rectenna RF-DC conversion efficiency behavior [46]
improve the antenna properties such as gain, return loss,
radiation, efficiency and transmission capability with no
additional components required, which maintains the
small size of the antenna. Fig. 8(a) shows the front side of
the suggested microstrip patch antenna with U-shape slot,
while fig. 8(b) shows the back side of the microstip patch
antenna with defected ground structure (DGS) structure.

Fig. 10. Voltage doubler rectifier

(a) (b) The implantation of microstrip patch antenna with a

metamaterial structure would reduce the antenna size and
Fig. 8. Geometry structure of the microstrip patch antenna improve its performance, while the voltage doubler
a) Front side with U-shape slot view, Wp=19mm, Lp=20.5mm,
Ws=6.5mm, Ls= 4mm, r=2mm, Wf=7mm, Yo= 8mm, r1=4.5mm, rectifier configuration with a fast switching Schottky
Lf=9.5mm. b) Back side with DGS view, Wg=30mm, Lg=30mm, g= diode can increase the total output DC voltage at low
2.25mm, R1=5.5mm, R2=4.5mm, R3=3.5mm. input power. Therefore, the suggested rectenna design
would have small size, high RF-DC conversion efficiency
The diode type plays an important role in determining and high output DC voltage.
the rectenna efficiency. The diode used must have
junction voltage and breakdown voltage that are suitable
with the input voltage as shown in fig. 9. For example, if V. Conclusion
the input voltage is higher than the breakdown voltage or
This paper has reviewed different types of rectenna
lower than the junction voltage, the diode would
designs at operating frequency of 2.45 GHz. These
contribute toward lower RF-DC conversion efficiency.
designs are presented and evaluated based on the most
Therefore, it is recommended to use two HSMS282c
important rectenna parameters which are conversion
Schottky diodes as HSMS282c Schottky diode has the
efficiency, rectenna size, antenna gain and overall
advantages of fast switching, high forward current and
rectenna performance. From reviewed work, it can be
less power dissipated. These two diodes are connected
concluded that the antenna with small size, harmonic
with two capacitors to form a voltage doubler, as shown
rejection and circular polarization properties suites very
in fig. 10, which can produce twice the input signal so the
well with the wireless sensor network (WSN) application
total output voltage would be increased.
and radio frequency identification (RFID) application, as
it can achieve high conversion efficiency and a better
performance with less occupied antenna space. In this
paper, some techniques such as microstip antenna with a
metamaterial structure and doubler configuration
rectifying circuit are suggested to improve the overall
rectenna design, increase RF-DC conversion efficiency
and reduce the size so that the rectenna can be used in

Copyright © 2007 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. - All rights reserved Int. Journal on Communications Antenna and
Propagation, Vol. xx, n. x
 S. Ahmed, M. N. Husain, Z. Zakaria, M. S. I. M. Zin, A. Alhegazi

wireless sensor network (WSN) and radio frequency [16]G. Vera, A. Georgiadis, A. Collado, and S. Via, "Design of a 2.45
GHz rectenna for electromagnetic (EM) energy scavenging," in
identification (RFID) applications.
IEEE Radio Wireless Symp., 2010, pp. 61- 64.
[17]H. Takhedmit, L. Cirio, B. Merabet, B. Allard, F. Costa, C.
Vollaire, and O.Picon, “Efficient 2.45GHz rectenna design
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46, Jun. 2010, pp. 811– 812.
Authors gratefully would like to express appreciation [18]F.J. Huang, T.C. Yo, C.M. Lee, C.H. Luo, “Design of Circular
to Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM) and Polarization Antenna With Harmonic Suppression for Rectenna
Ministry of Higher Education (MOHE) for supporting Application,” IEEE Antenna and Wireless Propagation Letters, ,
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RACE/F3/TK8/FKEKK/F00251. slot couple feed dual circular polarized rectenna,” in Proc. Int.
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Copyright © 2007 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. - All rights reserved Int. Journal on Communications Antenna and
Propagation, Vol. xx, n. x
 S. Ahmed, M. N. Husain, Z. Zakaria, M. S. I. M. Zin, A. Alhegazi

on Sciences and Techniques of Automatic Control and Computer Mohd Nor Husain received B.S in electrical
Engineering (STA), 2014, PP.793-796. and Electronic Engineering from University of
[35]K. A. Abd Rashid, M. N. Husain, A. R. Othman, M. Z. Abd Aziz, Strathclyde and master degree in electronic
M. M. Saad, M. Senon, M. T. Ahmad, and J. S. Hamidon. "A communication from University of Essex
review on circular polarization antenna for wireless MIMO England. He received Ph.D. in optical and
application." IEEE International Symposium Technology waveguide from University of Bath England.
Management and Emerging Technologies (ISTMET), 2014, pp. He is currently a professor in Universiti
73-77. Teknika Malaysia Melaka (UTeM) and his
[36]H. Sun, W. Geyi, "A New Rectenna with All Polarization resesrch intersts are optical, waveguide and antennas. Email:
Receiving Capability for Wireless Power Transmission." IEEE [email protected]
Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 2015.
[37]C. A. Balanis, Antenna Theory Analysis and Design. 2nd edition Zahriladha Zakaria, PhD, MIEEE, BEM,
John Wiley and Sons (Asia), 2005. Grad IEM - was born in Malaysia in 1975. He
[38]S. Liao, P. Wu, K. M. Shum, and Q. Xue, “Differentially fed received the B. Eng. and M. Eng. in Electrical
planar aperture antenna with high gain and wide bandwidth for and Electronic Engineering from the
Millimeter-wave application,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., Universiti Teknologi Malaysia in 1998 and
vol. 63, no. 3, Mar.2015. pp. 966–977. 2004 respectively. He obtained his Doctorate
[39]J. Yang, X. Chen, N. Wadefalk, and P.-S. Kildal, “Design and from The University of Leeds in 2010 in the
Realization of a linearly polarized Eleven add trans./ 8 ports/ field of Microwave Engineering. From 1998 to
Feed for 1-10 GHz,” IEEE Antennas Wireless Propag. Lett., vol. 2002, he was with STMicroelectronics, based in Malaysia where he
8, Dec. 2009, pp. 64–68. worked as Product Engineer.
[40]H. Raza, J. Yang, and A. Hussain, “Measurement of radiation He is currently an Associate Professor and also the Manager of
efficiency of multiport antennas with feeding network Centre for Telecommunication Research and Innovation (CeTRI) at the
corrections,” IEEE Antennas Wireless Propag. Lett., vol. 11, Jan. Faculty of Electronic and Computer Engineering, University Teknikal
2012, pp.89–92. Malaysia Melaka, where he teaches Electronics, Microwave
[41]Haboubi, W., H. Takhedmit, J.-D. Lan Sun Luk, S.-E. Adami, B. Engineering and Signal Processing. His research interests include a
Allard, F. Costa, C. Vollaire, O. Picon, and L. Cirio, “An efficient variety of microwave device developments such as planar and
dual-circularly polarized rectenna for RF energy harvesting in the nonplanar microwave filters, amplifiers and antennas. He also
2.45GHz ISM band,” Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. investigates radiowave propagation as well as energy harvesting for
2014, 148, 31–39. wireless sensor networks and signal processing. Email:
[42]Lai, X.Z., Z.M. Xie, and X.L.Cen, “Design of dual circularly [email protected].
polarized antenna with high isolation for RFID application,”
Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 139, 2013, 25–39. Mohd Shahril Izuan Mohd Zin was born in
[43]Wang, Z., S. Fang, Q. Wang, and H. Liu, “An ANN based Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia on 18th October
synthesis model for the single-feed circularly-polarized square 1980. He received his B.Eng and M.Eng
microstrip antenna with truncated corners,” IEEE Trans. degrees from Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
Antennas and Propag., Vol. 60, No. 12, Dec. 2012, 5989–5992. (UKM) in 2002 and 2004 respectively.
[44]K. L. Chung, “A wideband circularly polarized H-shaped patch He is currently attached to Universiti
antenna,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 58, no. 10, Oct. Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM) as a
2010, pp. 3379–3383. Lecturer in Faculty of Electronic and
[45]L. X. Bao, M. J. Ammann, and P. McEvoy, “Microstrip-fed Computer Engineering. His research interests include wireless
wideband circularly polarized printed antenna,” IEEE Trans. networking and ultra-wideband communication.
Antennas Propag., vol. 58, no. 10, Oct. 2010, pp. 3150–3156.
[46]Tae-Whan Yoo and Kai Chang, "Theoretical and experimental Ammar Alhegazi was born in Sadah, Yemen
development of 10 and 35 GHz rectennas," IEEE Transactions in 1990. He received his B. Eng. in Electronic
on Microwave and Techniques, .40.NO.6.June.1992. Engineering from Universiti Teknikal
Malaysia Melaka in 2015.
He is currently a master student at Faculty
of Electronic and Computer Engineering
Authors’ information (FKEKK), Universiti Teknikal Malaysia
Melaka (UTeM). His research interest is
Centre for Telecommunication Research and Innovation (CeTRI), microwave filtering-antennas.
Faculty of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Email: [email protected].
Malaysia Melaka (UTeM), Hang Tuah Jaya, 76100 Durian Tunggal,
Melaka, Malaysia.

Sharif Ahmed Qasem was born in Razah,

Sadah,Yemen on 7th Semptember 1991. He
received his Bachelor’s dgree in wireless
communication engineering from Universiti
Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM) in 2014.
He is currently working toward the master
degree in rectifying antennas (rectennas)
designs. His research intersts are antennas and
rectifiers designs for RF energy harvesting applications.
Email: [email protected].

Copyright © 2007 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. - All rights reserved Int. Journal on Communications Antenna and
Propagation, Vol. xx, n. x

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