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Switching 14

The document discusses different methods for switching in computer networks, including circuit switching, packet switching, and message switching. Switches receive data, determine where it needs to go, and move the data to the correct output port. Circuit switching establishes a dedicated connection for the duration of a call. Packet switching breaks messages into packets that are sent independently and reassembled at the destination. Message switching stores and forwards complete messages without establishing connections.

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12 views

Switching 14

The document discusses different methods for switching in computer networks, including circuit switching, packet switching, and message switching. Switches receive data, determine where it needs to go, and move the data to the correct output port. Circuit switching establishes a dedicated connection for the duration of a call. Packet switching breaks messages into packets that are sent independently and reassembled at the destination. Message switching stores and forwards complete messages without establishing connections.

Uploaded by

primasg637
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 14

Switching

• Circuit Switching
• Packet Switching
• Message Switching

WCB/McGraw-Hill  The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998


Switched Network
The mechanism for moving data between different computer
networks and network segments is called switching.
The end-systems of a computer network are connected to
switches, and switches to each other. All network switches
perform the following tasks:
● Receive data at their input ports.
● Determine where the data needs to go.
● Move the data to the correct output port.
● Send the data out.
Figure 14-1
Switched Network

WCB/McGraw-Hill  The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998


Figure 14-2

WCB/McGraw-Hill  The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998


Figure 14-3

Circuit-Switched Network

WCB/McGraw-Hill  The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998


Figure 14-4

Switch

WCB/McGraw-Hill  The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998


Folded Switch
Figure 14-5

WCB/McGraw-Hill  The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998


Figure 14-6

WCB/McGraw-Hill  The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998


Figure 14-7

Crossbar Switch

WCB/McGraw-Hill  The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998


Crossbar
• Simplest possible space-division switch
• Crosspoints can be turned on or off
• For multiplexed inputs, need a switching schedule
• Internally nonblocking
– but need N2 crosspoints
– time taken to set each crosspoint grows quadratically
– vulnerable to single faults
Figure 14-8

Multistage Switch

WCB/McGraw-Hill  The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998


Fig. 11: Multistage switch

In a three-stage switch, the total number of crosspoints


is 2kN + k(N/n)2 , which is much smaller than the
number of crosspoints in a single-stage switch (N2).
Figure 14-9

Switching Path

WCB/McGraw-Hill  The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998


Figure 14-9-continued

Switching Path

WCB/McGraw-Hill  The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998


Multistage crossbar

• In a crossbar during each switching time


only one crosspoint per row or column is
active
• Can save crosspoints if a crosspoint can
attach to more than one input line
• This is done in a multistage crossbar
• Need to rearrange connections every
switching time
Multistage crossbar
• Can suffer internal blocking
– unless sufficient number of second-level stages
• Number of crosspoints < N2
• Finding a path from input to output requires a depth-
first-search
• Scales better than crossbar, but still not too well
– 120,000 call switch needs ~250 million crosspoints
Figure 14-10

TDM without TSI

WCB/McGraw-Hill  The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998


Figure 14-10-continued

TDM with TSI

WCB/McGraw-Hill  The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998


Time-Slot Interchange
Figure 14-11

WCB/McGraw-Hill  The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998


TST Switch
Figure 14-12

WCB/McGraw-Hill  The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998


Time-space-time (TST) switching

• Allowed to flip samples both on input and


output trunk
• Gives more flexibility => lowers call blocking
probability
Figure 14-13

WCB/McGraw-Hill  The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998


Figure 14-14

Datagram Approach

WCB/McGraw-Hill  The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998


Figure 14-15

Datagram Approach, Multiple Channels

WCB/McGraw-Hill  The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998


Figure 14-16

Switched Virtual Circuit

WCB/McGraw-Hill  The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998


Figure 14-16-continued

Switched Virtual Circuit

WCB/McGraw-Hill  The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998


Figure 14-16-continued

Switched Virtual Circuit

WCB/McGraw-Hill  The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998


Figure 14-17

Message Switching

WCB/McGraw-Hill  The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998

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