Question Bank

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT (FY-IF)

2023-24

Basic Electrical
and
Electronics Engineering
(312302)

Government Polytechnic Awsari(kd)

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1.Which diode represent in this symbol?

a. pn junction diode
b. LED
c. zener diode
d. none of this
Ans: c. zener diode
2. The type of breakdown of V_{2} less than 5 V is

a. zener breakdown
b. avalanche breakdown
c. none

Ans: (a) zener breakdown

3. The zener breakdown is observed in zener diodes having V_{x} less than volts.
a. 5v
b. 10 V
c. 100 V
d. 40 v
Ans: (a) 5v

4. Avalanche breakdown is observed in the zener diodes having V_{2} higher than
Volts.

a. 5V
b. 8V
c. 100 V
d. 50v

Ans: (b) 8 V

5. For an avalanche breakdown, the value of with increase in temperature. V_{x}.

a. decreases
b. increases
c. remains same
d. remains constant
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Ans: (b) increases

6.The avalanche breakdown in a zener diode takes place for values of V_{L}

a. small
b. larger
c. all
d. none

Ans: (b) larger

7. Which of the following is zener diode application:

a. rectifier
b. filter
c. voltage regulator
d. amplifier

Ans: (c) voltage regulator

8. Dynamic impedance r, of a zener diode is the slope of

a. forward characteristics
b. reverse characteristics before breakdown
c. zener region
d. pn junction

Ans: (c) zener region

9. The voltage Vz of a zener diode represents its_____

a. supply voltage
b. forward voltage drop
c. breakdown voltage
d. breakdown current

Ans: (c) breakdown voltage

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10. In order to operate as a voltage reference, the zener diode should be operated in
the region.

a. forward biased
b. reverse breakdown
c. region at origin
d. both a & b

Ans: (b)

Q. 11) In the "zener region", the zener current

a. remains constant
b. is zero
c. changes depending.
d. Increase on supply voltage

Ans: (c) changes depending.

12. A semiconductor diode designed to operate in the breakdown region is called a

a. pn junction diode
b. zener diode
c. negative resistance diode
d. schottky diode

Ans: (b)

13. The value of V_{z} with increase in temperature.

a. decreases
b. increases
c. remains constant
d. increase or decrease

Ans:(a) decreases

14. Zener diode works under which region of V - I characteristics of the

semiconductor diode?

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 a. Forward biasing
b. No biasing
c. Zero external voltage
d. Reverse biasing

Ans:(d)

15. In a zener regulator, the change in load current produces, change in ______

a. zener voltage
b. zener current
c. a&b
d. None of the above

Ans:(b) zener current

16. In Zener diode, the Zener breakdown takes place

a. Below 6 V
b. At 6 V
c. Above 6 V
d. None of the above

Ans: (a) Below 6 V

17. Which of the following controls the current in a Zener diode?

a. Zener diode resistance

b. Potential barrier
c. Reverse bias voltage
d. External circuits

Ans: (d) Below 6 V

18. A Zener diode when biased correctly……

a. Never overheats
b. Has a constant voltage across it
c. Acts as a fixed resistance
d. Has a constant current passing through it

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Ans: (d)

Q19) In a Zener diode with a high breakdown voltage has…

a. Lightly doped P and N

b. P or N is lightly doped
c. Heavily doped P and N
d. None of these

Ans: (a)

Q20)what type of material is typically used for the contacts in a zener diode?

a. silicon
b. germanium
c. alluminium
d. gold

Ans: (a)

21. What is the primary function of a zener diode?

a. Voltage regulation
b. Current amplification
c. Temperature sensing
d. Frequency modulation

Ans: (a) Below 6 V

22)In a zener diode, what happens to the reverse bias current as temperature
increases?
a. Increases
b. Decreases
c. Remains constant
d. Becomes erratic

Ans: (a) Increases

23)What is the typical voltage drop across a forward-biased zener diode?

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 a. 0.7 volts
b. 1.2 volts
c. 2.5 volts
d. 5.0 volts

Ans: (a) 0.7 volts

24. A Zener diode when used as a voltage regulator, is connected…

(a) in forward bias.

(b) in reverse bias.

(c) in parallel to the load.

(d) in series to the load.

(b) and (c) are correct

(a) and (b) are correct

(a) only is correct
(d) only is correct

Ans: (a)

25. What type of relationship exists between the current and voltage in a zener diode
under forward bias?
a. Exponential
b. Linear
c. Logarithmic
d. Quadratic

Ans :(b) Linear

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26. What is the primary mechanism responsible for the temperature dependency of
reverse current in a Diener diode?
a. Avalanche breakdown
b. Zener breakdown
c. Thermal generation
d. Field emission of carriers

Ans: (b)

27.What happens to the reverse current of a zener diode as the reverse bias voltage
increases?
a. Increases exponentially
b. Decreases exponentially
c. Remains constant
d. Varies linearly

Ans: (a)

28. What is the primary mechanism responsible for thetemperature dependency of

reverse current in a Diener diode?
a. Avalanche breakdown
b. Zener breakdown
c. Thermal generation of carriers
d. Field emission

Ans:( b)

29. The type of breakdown of V_{2} less than 5 V is

a. zener breakdown
b. avalanche breakdown
c. none
d. all of this

Ans: (a) zener breakdown

30. In a zener diode, what region of operation is typically used for temperature
sensing?
a. Forward bias
b. Reverse bias
c. Breakdown

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 d. Saturation

Ans:( c )

31. What does the acronym "BJT" stand for?

a. Bipolar Junction Transforme
b. Bipolar Junction Transistor
c. Base Junction Transforme
d. Base Junction Transistor

Ans:( b) Bipolar Junction Transistor

32. Which terminal of a BJT is responsible for controlling the flow of current?
a. Base
b. Collector
c. Emitter
d. Substrate

Ans:(a)

33. In an NPN transistor, the majority carriers in the base region are:
a. Holes
b. Electrons
c. Protons
d. Neutrons

Ans:( a)

34. Which region of a BJT is lightly doped to increase its resistance?

a. Base
b. Collector
c. Emitter
d. Substrate

Ans:( a) Base

35. What is the primary function of the collector region in a BJT?

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 a. To emit charge carriers
b. To control the flow of current
c. To collect charge carriers
d. To amplify the signal

Ans:( c) To collect charge carriers

36. The current gain of a transistor is defined as the ratio of:

a) Collector current to emitter current
b) Base current to collector current
c) Emitter current to collector current
d) Collector current to base current
Ans: (d)

37. In a BJT, which junction is forward biased and which is reverse biased?
a. Both junctions are forward biased
b. Both junctions are reverse biased
c. Base-emitter junction is forward biased, base-collector junction is reverse biased
d. Base-emitter junction is reverse biased, base-collector junction is forward biased

Ans: (c) Base-emitter junction is forward biased, base-collector junction is reverse biased

38. Which of the following is NOT a common configuration of a BJT amplifier?

a. Common Base
b. Common Collector
c. Common Emitter
d. Common Substrate

Ans: (d) Common Substrate

39. What is the function of biasing in transistor circuits?

a) To control the operating point
b) To amplify the signal
c) To reduce power consumption
d) To protect the transistor from overheating

Ans: (a) To control the operating point

40. The output characteristic curve of a BJT shows the relationship between:

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 a) Collector current and collector-emitter voltage
b) Base current and collector-emitter voltage
c) Collector current and base-emitter voltage
d) Base current and base-emitter voltage

Ans: (a) Collector current and collector-emitter voltage

41. Which material is commonly used for the base region in BJTs?
a. Germanium
b. Silicon
c. Gallium arsenide
d. Indium phosphide

Ans: (b) Silicon

42. What happens to the collector current in a BJT when the base-emitter junction is
forward biased?
a. It decreases
b. It increases
c. It remains constant
d. It becomes zero

a. Ans: (b) It increases

43. The process of injecting minority carriers into the base region in a BJT is known
as:
a. Avalanche breakdown
b. Saturation
c. Diffusion
d. Injection

Ans: (c) Diffusion

44. The input impedance of a common emitter amplifier is:

a. High
b. Low

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 c. Moderate
d. It depends on the biasing voltage

Ans:( a) High

45. Which parameter determines the switching speed of a BJT?

a. Base doping concentration
b. Collector current
c. Collector-base capacitance
d. Emitter resistance

Ans:( c) Collector-base capacitance

46. The region of operation in which both the base-emitter and base-collector junctions
of a BJT are forward biased is called:
a. Saturation
b. Cutoff
c. Active
d. Reverse breakdown

Ans: (a) Saturation

47. In a common emitter amplifier, the input signal is applied to the:

a. Emitter
b. Collector
c. Base
d. Substrate

Ans:( c)

48. The Early effect in BJTs causes:

a. Variation in collector current with collector-emitter voltage
b. Variation in collector current with base current
c. Variation in base current with collector current
d. Variation in base current with base-emitter voltage

Ans:( a) Variation in collector current with collector-emitter voltage

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49. Which statement is true about the cut-off region of a BJT?
a. Both junctions are forward biased
b. Both junctions are reverse biased
c. Base-emitter junction is forward biased, base-collector junction is reverse biased
d. Base-emitter junction is reverse biased, base-collector junction is forward biased
Ans: b) Both junctions are reverse biased

50. The primary purpose of the emitter region in a BJT is to:

a. Emit electrons
b. Control the flow of current
c. Inject minority carriers into the base
d. Amplify the signal

Ans:( a) Emit electrons

51. Which statement is true regarding the common collector amplifier configuration?
a. It has a high input impedance and a low output impedance
b. It has a low input impedance and a high output impedance
c. It has a high input impedance and a high output impedance
d. It has a low input impedance and a low output impedance

Ans:( a) It has a high input impedance and a low output impedance

52. In which region of operation does a BJT act as a current amplifier?

a. Saturation
b. Active
c. Cutoff
d. Reverse breakdown

Ans :(b) Active

53. The base region of a BJT is typically:

a. Heavily doped
b. Lightly doped
c. Intrinsic
d. Undoped

Ans: (b)

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54. The process of charge carriers recombining at the base-collector junction is known
as:
a. Injection
b. Diffusion
c. Recombination
d. Avalanche breakdown

Ans:( c) Recombination

55) What are the three layers of a BJT?

a. Base, Collector, Gate
b. Emitter, Collector, Gate
c. Emitter, Base, Collector
d. Source, Base, Drain

Ans:(c)

56)In which region does a BJT operate as an amplifier?

a. Active region
b. Saturation region
c. Cutoff region
d. Reverse bias region

Ans:(a)

57) What is the majority charge carrier in the base region of a BJT?
a. Holes
b. Electrons
c. Ions
d. Protons

Ans:(a) Holes

58) What is the main function of the base region in a BJT?

a. To collect majority carriers
b. To provide mechanical support
c. To control the flow of majority carriers from emitter to collector
d. To dissipate heat

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Ans:(c) To control the flow of majority carriers from emitter to collector

59) Which configuration provides the highest current gain in a BJT?

a. Common emitter
b. Common base
c. Common collector
d. Emitter follower

Ans:(a) Common emitter

60) What happens to the collector current in a BJT when the base-emitter junction is
forward biased?
a. Collector current decreases
b. Collector current increases
c. Collector current remains constant
d. Collector current becomes zero

Ans:(b) Collector current increases

61. What is colour of Emitted light of silicon carbide?

a. Blue
b. Green
c. Yellow
d. Red
Ans: (c) Yellow

62. What is wavelength of green colour?

a. below 400
b. 500 to 570
c. 570 to 590
d. 590 to 610

Ans: (b) 500 to 570

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63. What is the symbol of LED ?

Ans: (c)

64. Which of the following is not LED material ?

a. AIN
b. Sic
c. AlGaInp
d. GAls1

Ans: (d) GAIs1

65. A light emitting diode is _________.

a. Heavily doped
b. Lightly doped
c. Intrinsic semiconductor
d. Zener diode

Ans: (a) Heavily doped

66. The colour of the emitted light from the P-N junction made of GaAsP
is___________.

a. Red or yellow
b. Far infrared
c. Near infrared
d. Ultraviolet
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Ans: (a) Red or yellow

67. ____________ replaced neon indicator and incandescent lamps.

a. Solar cells
b. LED’s
c. Zener diode
d. Schottky diodes

Ans: (b) LED’s

68. The LED is normally made up of material like ________________.

a. GaAs
b. GeAs
c. Si
d. Ge

Ans: (a) GaAs

69. What value of a series resistor is required to limit the current through an LED to
20 mA With a forward voltage drop of 2.0 V, when connected to a 10-V supply?

a. 600 Ω
b. 200 Ω
c. 800 Ω
d. 400 Ω

Ans: (d) 400 Ω

70. If a RED/GREEN multi-colour LED is switched fast enough between two

polarities, it will produce ________ colour.

a. Green
b. Orange
c. Red
d. Yellow
Ans: (d) Yellow

71. As compared to an LED, an LCD has the distinct advantage of___________.

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 a. Extremely low power consumption
b. Providing a silver display
c. Being extremely thin
d. Giving two types of displays

Ans: (a) Extremely low power consumption

72. What should be the band gap of the semiconductors to be used as LED?

a. 0.5 eV
b. 1 eV
c. 1.5 eV
d. 1.8 eV

Ans: (d) 1.8 eV

73. Which of the following semiconductor compounds is not used in the construction of
Light Emitting Diodes?

a. GaAs
b. GaP
c. GaSe
d. GaAsP

Ans: (c) GaSe

74. The basic material for fabrication of an LED is______________ .

a. Gallium arsenide phosphide

b. Indium antimonide
c. Indium antimonide phosphide

Ans: (a) Gallium arsenide phosphide

75. What should be the biassing of the LED?

a. Forward bias
b. Reverse bias
c. Forward bias then Reverse bias
d. No bias required
Ans: (a) Forward bias

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76. A light-emmiting diode (LED) converts :

a. Optical signal into thermal energy

b. Thermal energy into electrical signal
c. Electrical current into optical signal
d. Sound energy into optical signal
Ans: (c) Electrical current into optical signal

77. Which of the following statements about LED is INCORRECT?

a. It needs small power for operation.

b. It emits light.
c. It uses materials like gallium and arsenide.
d. It uses materials like silicon and germanium.

Ans: (d) It uses materials like silicon and germanium

78. LED is made up of______

a. Silver
b. Copper
c. Semi conductor
d. None of these

Ans: (c) Semi conductor

79. The junction in LED is __________ doped.

a. Lightly
b. Heavily
c. Moderately
d. None of the above

Ans: (b) Heavily

80. LED efficiency can be increased by __________ substrates.

a. Transparent to wavelength emitted

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 b. Backed with a reflective layer
c. Light spreading layer
d. All the above

Ans: (d) All the above

81. Which LED is brighter?

a. Homojunction LED
b. Heterostructure LED
c. Both a & b
d. None of the above

Ans: (b) Heterostructure LED

82. Sapphire substrate produce ________ color in LED.

a. Red
b. Blue
c. Infrared
d. Both a and c

Ans: (b) Blue

83. The LEDs made with GaAs emit light in the ______________.

a. Yellow region
b. Infrared region
c. Orange region
d. Red visible region

Ans: (b) Infrared region

84. In LEDs, light is emitted when ______.

a. Electrons recombine with electrons

b. Electrons recombine with holes
c. Electrons do not recombine
d. None of the above
Ans: (b) Electrons recombine with holes

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85. An LED made using GaP emits radiation in _______.

a. Visible region
b. Ultraviolet region
c. Infrared region
d. Green radiation

Ans: (d)Green radiation

86. The advantage of LED is__________.

a. Long life
b. Fast on-off switching
c. Low operating voltage
d. All of the above

Ans: (d)All of the above

87. A light emitting device(LED) is a____________.

a. Display device
b. Voltage regulator
c. Storing device
d. Zener diode

Ans: (a) Display device

88. LED is power rated in___________.

a. Watt
b. Miliwatt
c. Kilowatt
d. Megawatt

Ans: (b)Miliwatt

89. First inventor of LED is_______________.

a. Nick Holonyak
b. MM Allen
c. E. George
d. None of these

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Ans: (a)Nick Holonyak

90. What is the bandwidth of emitted light in an LED______________.

a. 0-10nm
b. 10-50nm
c. 50-100nm
d. 100-500nm

Ans: (b)10-50nm

91 .Transistor is a __________ controlled device.

a. load
b. voltage
c. current
d. none of these

Ans: (c)current

92. Which of the following is not an advantage of the Transistor?

a. Big size Heavy weight and ruggedness

b. Operate at low voltage
c. Higher efficiency
d. Long life

Ans: (a)Big size Heavy weight and ruggedness

93. The _________ area is largest because it is required to dissipate more heat.

a. Base
b. Emitter
c. Collector
d. Both a and b

Ans: (c) Collector

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94. A transistor with no external power supplies connected to it is called as an
___________ transistor.

a. unbiased
b. biased
c. bipolar
d. unipolar

Ans: (a) unbiased

95. Transistor in a cut-off region works as an_______________ .

a. Amplifier
b. Closed switch
c. Rectifier
d. Open switch

Ans: (d) Open switch

96. If the conduction takes place due to only one type carriers then the transistor is
called as __________ transistor.

a. Unipolar
b. Bipolar
c. Biased
d. Unbiased

Ans: (a) Unipolar

97. Field Effect Transistor is an example of ____________ .

a. Unbiased
b. Bipolar
c. Unipolar
d. Biased

Ans: (c)Unipolar

98. For a certain transistor α=0.98. Find β.

a. 94
b. 49

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 c. 73
d. 27

Ans: (b)49

99. Transistor is a ___________ device.

a. Unipolar
b. Bipolar
c. Multipolar
d. Non-polar

Ans: (b)Bipolar

100. The _________ layer has highest doping concentration.

a. Base
b. Emitter
c. Collector
d. Gate
Ans: (b)Emitter

101. Base is always a ______ and _________ doped layer.

a. Thin, lightly
b. Thick, lightly
c. Thin, heavily
d. Thick, heavily

Ans: (a)Thin, lightly

102. The transistor is operated as a closed switch in __________ region.

a. Saturation
b. Cut off
c. Active
d. Both a and b

Ans: (a) Saturation

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103. The value of dynamic input resistance is __________ for the CB configuration as
compared to CE configuration.

a. Low
b. Moderate
c. High
d. Zero

Ans: (a)Low

104. The current gain of __________ amplifier is close to 1.

a. CC
b. CE
c. CB
d. None of above

Ans: (c)CB

105. BJT is a _______ type device.

a. 2 port 2 terminal
b. 3 port 3 terminal
c. 3 port 2 terminal
d. 2 port 3 terminal

Ans: (d) 2 port 3 terminal

106.MOSFET can be used. As a _______________.

a. Voltage controlled inductor

b. Current controlled inductor
c. Voltage controlled capacitor
d. current controlled capacitor

Ans: (c)Voltage controlled capacitor

107.FET is a __________ controlled device.

a. Current
b. Resistance
c. Impedance

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 d. Voltage

Ans: (d)Voltage

108.The input signal of a common drain amplifier is applied to the Gate through the
________________ .

a. Coupling capacitor
b. Input resistor
c. Input inductor
d. Variable resistor

Ans: (a) Coupling capacitor

109.The field Effect Transistor (FET) is a __________ terminal device

a. Three
b. Two
c. One
d. Four
Ans: (a)Three

110. ___________________ is advantage of FET.

a. It is relatively immune to radiation.

b. FET has low input resistance
c. FET has a better thermal stability
d. Both a and c

Ans: (d)Both a and c

111.The supply voltage is connected between the ___________ and ________ terminals
of a JFET.

a. Source, drain
b. Drain, source
c. Gate, source
d. Source, gate
Ans: (b)Drain, source

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112.The channel width ___________ with increase in Vas.

a. Reduces
b. Increases
c. Remain constant
d. High

Ans: (a)Reduces

113. JFET can be used as _____________ .

a. An amplifier
b. As a switch
c. As a voltage variable Resistor
d. All of these

Ans: (d)All of these

114.what is the primary function of a field effect resistor ?

a. Amplification of electrical signals

b. voltage regulation in power circuit
c. modulation of electromagnetic waves
d. Control of current flow in a circuit

Ans: (d)Control of current flow in a circuit

115. What type of device is a field effect resistor?

a. Passive component
b. Active component
c. Mechanical component
d. Digital component

Ans: (a)Passive component

116. Transfer character of FET are _______________.

a. Linear
b. Non-linear
c. Low input
d. High gain in amplification

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Ans: (b)Non-linear

117. In which region of operation does a field effect transistor act as a voltage
controlled resistor?

a. Saturation
b. Cut-off
c. Active
d. Ohmic

Ans: (d)Ohmic

118. What is the direction of current flow in a field effect transistor?

a. From source to drain

b. From gate to source
c. From drain to source
d. From drain to gate

Ans: (c)From drain to source

119. The value of drain current corresponding to _____________ is called as the source
saturation current.

a. VGs(off) = 0v
b. VGs = 0v
c. Vas > 0v
d. Vas < 0v

Ans: (b)VGs = 0v

120. If IC = 10.1mA and IE = 10.3mA, then find α.

a. 0.7962
b. 0.8794
c. 0.9805
d. 0.7983
Ans: (c)0.9805

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121. What is the primary function of a combination of rectifier and filter in a power
supply system?

a. To produce AC voltage
b. To produce ripple-free DC voltage
c. To regulate the voltage
d. To amplify the voltage
Ans. To produce ripple-free DC voltage

122. What is the main drawback of using an unregulated power supply?

a. Output voltage fluctuates with changes in load current

b. Output voltage remains constant regardless of input variations
c. Output voltage is always higher than required
d. Output voltage is pure AC
Ans. a. Output voltage fluctuates with changes in load current

123. What role does the filter play in the power supply system?

a. It converts AC to DC.
b. It smoothens out the pulsating DC output.
c. It regulates the output voltage.
d. It amplifies the output voltage.

Ans. b. It smoothens out the pulsating DC output

124. Why can’t expensive electronic instruments use unregulated power supplies?

a. They require a constant output voltage

b. They operate solely on AC power
c. They are not compatible with rectifiers
d. They have built-in voltage regulators
Ans. a. They require a constant output voltage

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125. Which component ensures that the output voltage of a power supply remains
constant despite fluctuations in input voltage or load current?

a. Rectifier
b. Filter
c. Voltage regulator
d. Transformer
Ans. Voltage regulator

126. What is one advantage of regulated DC power supplies ?

a. High ripple content in the output voltage

b. Low quality DC output voltage
c. Constant output voltage despite variations
d. Inability to provide variable output voltage
Ans. Constant output voltage despite variations

127. What type of output voltage is obtained from regulated DC power supplies?

a. Low quality
b. Variable
c. Pure
d. Fluctuating
Ans. Pure

128. Which factor does not affect the output voltage of regulated power supplies
according to the passage?

a. Variation in input voltage

b. Load current fluctuations
c. Temperature changes
d. Changes in atmospheric pressure
Ans. Changes in atmospheric pressure

129. What feature makes regulated power supplies versatile?

a. Ability to provide variable output voltage

b. High ripple content in output voltage
c. Inconsistency in output voltage
d. Limited applications in electronic instruments
Ans. Ability to provide variable output voltage
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130. Where are regulated power supplies commonly used ?

a. Only in laboratories
b. Only in electronic instruments
c. In logic circuits, operational amplifier circuits, and laboratories
d. Solely in high-power applications
Ans. In logic circuits, operational amplifier circuits, and laboratories

131. What distinguishes regulated power supplies from unregulated ones in terms of
output stability?

a. Regulated power supplies have higher ripple content

b. Regulated power supplies have variable output voltage
c. Regulated power supplies have constant output voltage
d. Regulated power supplies have fluctuating output voltage
Ans. Regulated power supplies have constant output voltage

132. Which factor does a regulated power supply compensate for to maintain a
constant output voltage?

a. Magnetic interference
b. Humidity levels
c. Variation in load current
d. External vibrations
Ans. Variation in load current

133. In addition to logic circuits and operational amplifier circuits, where else are
regulated power supplies commonly used?

a. Automotive engines
b. Household appliances
c. Industrial machinery
d. Medical devices
Ans. Industrial machinery

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134. What component allows for the adjustment of output voltage in regulated power
supplies?

a. Transformer
b. Rectifier
c. Filter
d. Voltage regulator
Ans. Voltage regulator

135. Why is it necessary for certain applications to have a regulated power supply?

a. To save energy
b. To increase voltage fluctuations
c. To ensure a constant output voltage
d. To improve input voltage variability
Ans. To ensure a constant output voltage

136. Which of the following is the function of an amplifier in Active filter circuit?

a. Increase the power

b. Minimize noise
c. Increase resistance
d. All the above
Ans. Increase the power

137. Which of the following might be the input to amplifier?

a. Voltage
b. 2)Current
c. Resistance
d. Both a and b
Ans. Both a and b

138. The all-pass filter is used when

a. High roll-off rates are needed

33 | P a g e
 b. Phase shift is important
c. A maximally-flat passband is needed
d. A rippled stopband is important
Ans. Phase shift is important

139. Which of the following is the output wave shape obtained from ideal low pass
filter?

a. Sine
b. Rectangle
c. Triangle
d. Peak
Ans. Sine

140. Which of the following are the components of high frequency type passive filters?

a. Resistors
b. Capacitors
c. Inductors
d. All the above
Ans. All the above

141. A circuit design with resistor, capacitor and inductor component is called
_____circuit?

a. RLC
b. RC
c. LC
d. RL
Ans. All the above

142. A capacitor has ___ number of parallel plates?

a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
Ans. 2

34 | P a g e
143. All the rectifier produces ____voltage

a. pulsating DC
b. pulsating AC
c. AC
d. DC
Ans. pulsating DC

144. We need use filter circuit along with____

a. Capacitor
b. voltmeter
c. rectifier
d. voltage
Ans. Rectifier

145. The filter performs the function of obtaining _____

a. pulsating DC voltage to repel free pure DC voltage

b. repel free pure DC voltage from pulsating DC voltage
c. DC to ac
d. ac to dc
Ans. repel free pure DC voltage from pulsating DC voltage

146. We cannot connect filter at the output of any type of

a. hwr
b. fwr
c. bridge
d. voltage
Ans.

147. Which is not the type of filter?

a. Capacitor input filter

b. Choke input filter
c. LC filter
d. R filter
35 | P a g e
Ans. R filter

148. C is the capacitor Which is connected across the

a. Load
b. Load current
c. Load resistance
d. Across the diode
Ans.

149. The other name of LC filter ___

a. 1)capacitor input filter

b. 2)shunt capacitor filter
c. 3)choke input filter
d. none of these
Ans. none of this

150. Half wave rectifier output has ripple factor of __

a. 1.21
b. 0.48
c. 0.81
d. 4.6
Ans. 1.21

151. : The value of dynamic input resistance is______for the CB configuration as

compared to CE configuration.
a. Low
b. Moderate
c. High
d. Normal
Ans: a.Low

152. The value of ri in the CE configuration is______that in CB conguration.

a. Lower than
b. Higher than

36 | P a g e
 c. Minimum
d. Same as
Ans: b.Higher than

153. The Output characterstics of a CE configuration is a graph of VCB ____________ .

a. VCB , IC
b. IC , VCE
c. VEB , IE
d. IC , VCB
Ans: b.IC , VCE

154. The Collector current is proportional to base current only in _______.

a. Saturation
b. Cut off
c. Active Region
d. Dynamic output resistance
Ans: c.Active Region
155. The value of dynamic output resistance of transistor in CE is______in active
region.
a. A)Low
b. B)High
c. C)Moderate
d. D)Same as
Answer: b.High

156. βac is the slope of______characteristics of transistor in CE configuration.

a. Input
b. Output
c. Transfer
d. None
Ans: Transfer

157. In saturation region the collector current_______.

a. A)remains constant independent of IB
b. B)is proportional to IB
c. C)is proportional to IE
d. D)None
Ans: a. remains constant independent of IB

37 | P a g e
158. The typically value of VCE(sat) in CE configuration for a silicon transistor
is_______.
a. 0.5 V
b. 0.2 V
c. 0.9 V
d. D0.6 V
Ans: b.0.2 V

159. The typically value of VBE(sat) for a si transistor is_______.

A)0.7 V
B)0.8 V
C)0.3 V
D)0.4 V
Ans: b. 0.8 V

160. The value of VBE(active) for a Si transistor is_______V.

a. 0.2
b. 0.6
c. 0.7
d. 0.1
Ans: B)0.6

161. A transistor is in saturation if_________.

a. Ic/β>IB
b. Ic/ β<IB
c. Ic= β IB
d. IB= β Ic

Ans: b. Ic/ β<IB

162. The region below the characteristics for IB = 0 is______region.

a. Cutoff
b. Active
c. Saturation
d. Dynamic output resistance
Ans: a.Cutoff

163. {Ic = βdc IB} This relation is only true the_____region operation.
38 | P a g e
 a. Active
b. Cutoff
c. Saturation
d. Dynamic output resistance
Ans: a.Active

164. The B-E and C-B junctions are reverse biased to operate the
Transistor in______region.
a. A)Active
b. B)Cutoff
c. C)Saturation
d. D)Dynamic output resistance
Ans: a. Cutoff

165. The_____current is equal to the reverse leakage current.

a. Collector
b. Base
c. Emittor
d. Normal
Ans: a.Collector

166.Which characteristic of a transistor determines its ability to amplify signals?

a. Gain
b. Voltage
c. Current
d. Resistance
Ans : a.Gain

167. Which type of transistor is commonly used in digital circuits and offers high gain
and current amplification?
a. Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT)
b. Field-Effect Transistor (FET)
c. Darlington Transistor
d. Schottky Transistor

Ans : a. Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT)

39 | P a g e
168. Which type of transistor is known for its high switching speed and low power
consumption?
a. Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT)
b. Field-Effect Transistor (FET)
c. Darlington Transistor
d. Schottky Transistor

Ans : b.Field-Effect Transistor (FET)

169. Which type of transistor has a third terminal called the gate?
a. Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT)
b. Field-Effect Transistor (FET)
c. Darlington Transistor
d. Schottky Transistor

Ans: b.Field-Effect Transistor (FET)

170. What are the three main terminals of a bipolar junction transistor (BJT)?
a. Base, Collector, Emitter
b. Anode, Cathode, Gate
c. Source, Drain, Gate
d. Input, Output, Ground

Ans: a. Base, Collector, Emitter

171. Which of the following describes the function of a transistor?

a. Amplify electrical signals
b. Store data
c. Convert mechanical energy into electrical energy
d. Generate heat

Ans: a. Amplify electrical signals

40 | P a g e
172.Which of the following is a characteristic of transistors?
a.Amplifying the signals

b.Controlling current flow

c. Acting as switches
d. All of the above

Ans:d.All of the above

173.Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of transistors?

a.Amplifying signals

b.Controlling current flow

c.Generating heat

d. Acting as switches

Ans:c.Generatimg heat

174.Which of the following is a characteristic of transistors?

a.Storing data

b. Emitting light

c.Converting mechanical energy to electrical energy

d. Amplifying signals

Ans:d Amplifying signals

175.Which of the following is a characteristic of transistors?

a.Storing data

b.Emitting light

c.Converting mechanical energy to electrical energy

41 | P a g e
d.Amplifying signals

Ans:b.Emitting light

176.Which of the following describes the three main types of transistors?

a. PNP, NPN, and PNO

b.PNP, NPN, and PNP

c.NPN, PNP, and NPN

d.NPN, PNP, and PNO

Ans:b.PNP,NPN,andPNP

178.What are the three main terminals of a bipolar junction transistor (BJT)?

a. Collector, Base, Emitter

B.Anode, Cathode, Gate

c.Drain, Source, Gate

d. Positive, Negative, Neutral

Ans:a.Collector,Base,Emitter

179.What is the function of the base terminal in a transistor?

a. It controls the flow of current between the collector and emitter.

b.It provides a path for the flow of current between the collector and emitter.

c.It amplifies the input signal.

d. It dissipates heat generated by the transistor.

Ans:a. It controls the flow of current between the collector and emitter.

180.Which type of transistor has a higher input impedance?

a NPN transistor

b.PNP transistor
42 | P a g e
c. Both have the same input impedance

Ans:c.. Both have the same input impedance

181. What does "L" represent in an L-filter?

- a) Load
- b) Line
- c) Length
- d) Loop
- **Answer: b) Line**

182. In an LC filter, what does "C" stand for?

- a) Current
- b) Capacitor
- c) Conductor
- d) Connection
- **Answer: b) Capacitor**

183. Which component is primarily used in an L-filter?

- a) Capacitor
- b) Resistor
- c) Inductor
- d) Transistor
- **Answer: c) Inductor**

184. What is the primary function of an L-filter?

- a) Signal amplification
- b) Noise reduction
- c) Signal modulation
- d) Harmonic generation
- **Answer: b) Noise reduction**

185. How does an L-filter affect high-frequency signals?

- a) Passes them easily
- b) Blocks them effectively
- c) Amplifies them
- d) Modulates them
- **Answer: b) Blocks them effectively**

186. Which type of filter is more suitable for low-pass applications?

43 | P a g e
 - a) L-filter
- b) C-filter
- c) LC-filter
- d) RC-filter
- **Answer: a) L-filter**

187. What happens to the impedance of an L-filter as frequency increases?

- a) Increases
- b) Decreases
- c) Remains constant
- d) Fluctuates
188. **Answer: b Which parameter determines the cutoff frequency of an LC filter?
- a) Inductance
- b) Capacitance
- c) Resistance
- d) Frequency
- **Answer: a) Inductance**

189. What is the main purpose of a C-filter?

- a) Signal amplification
- b) Noise reduction
- c) High-pass filtering
- d) Low-pass filtering
- **Answer: b) Noise reduction**

190. How does a C-filter affect low-frequency signals?

- a) Passes them easily
- b) Blocks them effectively
- c) Amplifies them
- d) Modulates them
- **Answer: a) Passes them easily**

191. Which of the following statements is true regarding LC filters?

- a) They are active filters.
- b) They only work in DC circuits.
- c) They have a phase shift of 180 degrees.
- d) They are passive filters.
- **Answer: d) They are passive filters.**

192. What is the primary disadvantage of using an LC filter?

- a) Limited frequency range
- b) High cost
- c) Low efficiency
- d) High impedance
44 | P a g e
 - **Answer: a) Limited frequency range**

193. In a parallel LC circuit, what happens to impedance at resonance?

- a) It increases
- b) It decreases
- c) It becomes infinite
- d) It remains constant
- **Answer: c) It becomes infinite**

45 | P a g e
 194. Which type of filter is commonly used for radio frequency (RF) applications?
- a) L-filter
- b) C-filter
- c) LC-filter
- d) RC-filter.
- **Answer: c) LC-filter**

155. What is the primary purpose of using a combination of L and C filters?

- a) To increase efficiency
- b) To widen the frequency response
- c) To decrease cost
- d) To simplify circuit design
- **Answer: b) To widen the frequency response**

196. Which parameter determines the cutoff frequency of a C-filter?

- a) Inductance
- b) Capacitance
- c) Resistance
- d) Frequency
- **Answer: b) Capacitance**

197. Which type of filter exhibits a phase shift of 90 degrees at the cutoff frequency?
- a) L-filter
- b) C-filter
- c) LC-filter
- d) RC-filter
- **Answer: c) LC-filter**

198. What is the primary advantage of using an LC filter in power supply applications?
- a) Low cost
- b) High efficiency
- c) Wide bandwidth
- d) Reduced ripple voltage
- **Answer: d) Reduced ripple voltage**

199. What happens to the impedance of a series LC circuit as frequency decreases?

- a) Increases
- b) Decreases
- c) Remains constant
- d) Fluctuates
- **Answer: a) Increases**

200. Which of the following statements is true regarding C-filters?

- a) They have a phase shift of 180 degrees.
- b) They are active filters.
46 | P a g e
 - c) They only work in AC circuits.
- d) They cannot be used in combination with other filters.
- **Answer: c) They only work in AC circuits.**

47 | P a g e
 201. What is the primary advantage of using a C-filter over an LC filter?
- a) Simplicity
- b) Higher efficiency
- c) Better noise rejection
- d) Lower cost
- **Answer: a) Simplicity**

202. Which type of filter is more suitable for high-pass applications?

- a) L-filter
- b) C-filter
- c) LC-filter
- d) RC-filter
- **Answer: b) C-filter**

203. What is the primary disadvantage of using a C-filter?

- a) Limited frequency range
- b) High cost
- c) Low efficiency
- d) High impedance
- **Answer: a) Limited frequency range**

204. What happens to the impedance of an LC filter at resonance?

- a) It increases
- b) It decreases
- c) It becomes infinite
- d) It remains constant
- **Answer: c) It becomes infinite**

205. Which type of filter is more suitable for DC power applications?

- a) L-filter
- b) C-filter
- c) LC-filter
- d) RC-filter
- **Answer: a) L-filter**

206. What is the primary advantage of using an LC filter over an L-filter?

- a) Higher efficiency
- b) Better noise rejection
- c) Lower cost
- d) Higher cutoff frequency
- **Answer: a) Higher efficiency**

48 | P a g e
 207. Which component primarily determines the frequency response of an LC filter?
- a) Inductor
- b) Capacitor
- c) Resistor
- d) Diode
- **Answer: b. Capacitor**

208. The threshold voltage of a MOSFET is the minimum voltage required to:
a) Turn off the transistor
b) Turn on the transistor
c) Bias the transistor
d) Amplify the signal
**Answer: b) Turn on the transistor**

209. Which of the following is a characteristic of an ideal transistor?

a) Infinite gain
b) Zero output impedance
c) Infinite bandwidth
d) Zero collector current
**Answer: a) Infinite gain**

210. The C transistor is often used in:

a) High-frequency applications
b) Low-power applications
c) High-power applications
d) Digital logic circuits
**Answer: a) High-frequency applications**
- ) Decreases**

211. What is Transformer?

a) Transformer is a device used to convert low alternating voltage to a high alternating
voltage
b) Transformer is a device used to convert alternating current to direct current
c) Transformer is a device used to convert low alternating current to a high alternating
current
d) Transformers are used only for low alternating voltage

49 | P a g e
212. What is the function of a transformer?
a) Transformer is used to step down or up the AC voltages and currents
b) Transformer is used to step down or up the DC voltages and currents
c) Transformer converts DC to AC voltages
d) Transformer converts AC to DC voltages

213. What is the working principle of a Transformer?

a) Transformer works on the principle of self-induction
b) Transformer works on the principle of mutual induction
c) Transformer works on the principle of ampere law
d) Transformer works on the principle of coulomb law

214. Transformer ratings are given in _____________

a) kVA
b) HP
c) car
d) kW

215. What is the current transformer?

a) transformer used with an A.C. voltmeter
b) transformer used with an A.C. ammeter
c) transformer used with an D.C. voltmeter
d) transformer used with an D.C. ammeter

216. Current transformers are __________________

a) parallel connected type of instrument transformers
b) series connected type of instrument transformers
c) parallel connected normal transformers
d) series-parallel connected type of instrument transformers

217. Transformer core is generally made of ___________

a) Cannot be determined
b) Can be made with any of the above method

50 | P a g e
c) By stacking large number of sheets together
d) Single block of core material

218. Core flux in the transformer is _______________

a) square wave
b) triangular
c) Sinusoidal
d) flat-topped

219. The purpose of the transformer core is to provide ____________

a) Low reluctance path
b) High inductive path
c) High capacitive path
d) High reluctance path

220. Primary winding of a transformer ______________

a) Could either be a low voltage or high voltage winding
b) Is always a high voltage winding
c) Cannot be determined
d) Is always a low voltage winding

221. Voltage regulation of transformer is given by _____________

a) V2-E2/E2
b) V2-E2/V2
c) E2-V2/V2
d) E2-V2/E2

222. No-load current in the transformer is _______

a) Sinusoidal distorted
b) Sinusoidal
c) Steps
d) Straight DC

223. Which is not the type of transformer.

51 | P a g e
1) Core type
2) Shell type
3) Berry type
4) Circular type

224. A transformer
1) Steps up or down dc voltage
2) Changes ac to dc
3) Steps up or down ac voltage
4) Changes dc to ac

225. Which is not the application of transformer.

1) As the distribution transformer
2) As isolation transformer
3) Voltage regulator
4) Welding applications

226. Choke filter is connected in series with......

A) Load
B) Zenger diode
c) Rectifier
d) Filter

227. L filter acts as a filter to reduce........contents in the output waveform.

a) Ripple
b) Resistance
c) Voltage
D) current

228. L filter is suitable for.......

a) Low load application
b) Any application
c) Heavy load application
52 | P a g e
d) Both a and b

229. L filter is useful in....

a) Bulky
b) Across the load
c) Reducing ripple in load voltage
d) Reducing the ripple in the load current

230...... in the output voltage waveform is also reduced by the inductor filter.
a) Pure
b) Ripple
C) current
d) Filter

231. N L filter ripple factor is directly proportional to the........

a) Load
b) Resistance
c) Capacitor
d) Factor

232. L filter is also called......

a) Series inductor filter
b) Choke input filter
c) Capacitor Input filter
d) A and b both

233. The capacitor filter is connected across the load this filter is called as........
a) C filter
b) L filter
c) LC filter
d) P filter

234. The ripple to heavy loads by a capacitor is_______

a) high
b) depends on temperature
c) low
d) no ripple at all

235. How to reduce ripple factor in c filter

a) Increasing the load resistor
b) Load resistor

53 | P a g e
c) Decreasing the load resistor
d) None of these

236. C filter is suitable for

a) Heavy load application
b) Light load application
c) High load application
d) Load application

237. Expression for ripple factor in c filter

A) RF=R\3√2 will
B) RF=1\4√3 for
c) RF=2\√3wl
D) RF=4\3fcr

238. Size of c filter

a) Large
b) Circular
C) small
d) Bulky

239. Capacitor filter also known as

A) Capacitor shunt filter
b) Lace filter
c) Choke filter
d) Pie filter

240. Cost of c filter

A) Moderate
b) Lowest
c) Higher
D) Medium

54 | P a g e
241. What is the primary function of a transistor in a switch?

a. To amplify signals
b. To control the flow of current
c. To store electrical charge
d. To generate electrical power

Ans: b) To control the flow of current

242. Which of the following statements best describes a transistor in a switch?

a. It acts as an open circuit when turned off and a closed circuit when turned on
b. It acts as a closed circuit when turned off and an open circuit when turned on
c. It remains a closed circuit regardless of its state
d. It remains an open circuit regardless of its state

Ans: b) It acts as a closed circuit when turned off and an open circuit when turned on

243. In which mode of operation does a transistor switch behave as an open circuit?

a. Saturation
b. Cut-off
c. Active
d. Reverse-active

Ans: b) Cut-off

244. What happens to a transistor in the saturation mode?

a. It allows maximum current to flow through it

b. It blocks the flow of current completely
c. It allows limited current to flow through it
d. It behaves like an open circuit

55 | P a g e
 Ans: a) It allows maximum current to flow through it

245. Which terminal of a bipolar junction transistor (BJT) controls the flow of current
between the other two terminals?

a. Collector

b. Base

c. Emitter

d. Gate

Ans: b) Base

246. What is the typical voltage range applied to the base of a BJT in order to switch it on?

a. 0.1V - 0.7V

b. 1V - 5V

c. 10V - 15V

d. 50V - 100V

Ans: a) 0.1V - 0.7V

247. Which type of transistor has higher input impedance?

a. NPN

b. PNP

c. MOSFET

d. JFET

56 | P a g e
 Answer: c) MOSFET

248. What is the primary advantage of using a MOSFET over a BJT in switching
applications?

a. Faster switching speed

b. Higher input impedance

c. Lower cost

d. Greater power handling capability

Ans: a) Faster switching speed

249. Which region of operation of a MOSFET corresponds to the "on" state?

a. Cut-off

b. Saturation

d. Inverse

Ans: b) Saturation

250. In a MOSFET, what happens when the gate-source voltage exceeds the threshold
voltage?

a. The MOSFET enters the cut-off region

b. The MOSFET enters the triode region

c. The MOSFET enters the saturation region

d. The MOSFET enters the inverse region

57 | P a g e
 Ans: c) The MOSFET enters the saturation region

251. Which parameter of a transistor specifies how quickly it can switch between on and off
states?

a. Power dissipation

b. Gain bandwidth product

c. Rise time

d. Collector current

Ans: c) Rise time

252. In a transistor switch, what is the purpose of the base resistor in a BJT circuit?

a. To limit the current flowing into the base

b. To amplify the input signal

c. To control the saturation voltage

d. To regulate the collector current

Ans: a) To limit the current flowing into the base

253. Which type of transistor is most commonly used in integrated circuits (ICs)?

a. BJT

b. JFET

58 | P a g e
 c. MOSFET

d. IGBT

Ans: c) MOSFET

254. Which terminal of a MOSFET is equivalent to the base of a BJT?

a. Gate

b. Drain

c. Source

d. Substrate

Ans: a) Gate

255. What is the primary drawback of using BJTs in high-frequency switching

applications?

a. High power dissipation

b. Slow switching speed

c. Low gain bandwidth product

d. Limited power handling capability

Ans: b) Slow switching speed

256. Which type of transistor has a depletion region in its channel even when no voltage is
applied?

a. BJT

b. JFET

c. MOSFET

59 | P a g e
 d. IGBT

Ans: b) JFET

257. What happens to the resistance between the drain and source of a MOSFET when the
gate-source voltage is increased?

a. It decreases

b. It increases

c. It remains constant

d. It fluctuates

Ans: a) It decreases

258. Which type of transistor is known for its high input impedance and low output
impedance?

a. BJT

b. JFET

c. MOSFET

d. IGBT

Answer: b) JFET

259. Which region of operation of a transistor corresponds to the "off" state?

a. Saturation

b. Triode

c. Cut-off

d. Inverse

60 | P a g e
 Ans: c) Cut-off

260. Which type of transistor is often used in power switching applications due to its high
current-handling capability?

a. BJT

b. JFET

c. MOSFET

d. IGBT

Ans: d) IGBT

261. What is the main advantage of using an IGBT over a BJT in high-power switching
applications?

a. Higher input impedance

b. Faster switching speed

c. Lower conduction losses

d. Greater temperature stability

Ans: c) Lower conduction losses

262. Which terminal of an IGBT corresponds to the gate of a MOSFET?

a. Collector

b. Base

c. Emitter

d. Gate

61 | P a g e
 Ans: d) Gate

263. What is the typical voltage drop across an IGBT when it is in the "on" state?

a. 0.1V - 0.7V

b. 1V - 5V

c. 10V - 15V

d. 50V - 100V

Ans: a) 0.1V - 0.7V

264. Which type of transistor is commonly used as a voltage-controlled switch?

a. BJT

b. JFET

c. MOSFET

d. IGBT

Ans: c) MOSFET

265. Which of the following should have low value for main contacts in LV switching
devices?

a. Thermal capacity

b. Contact resistance

c. Thermal conductivity

d. None of the above

62 | P a g e
Ans:b) Contact resistance

266. Transistors when used in digital circuits, operates in:

a. Active region

b. saturated region

c. active and cut off region

d. saturation and cut off region

Ans:d) saturation and cut off region

267. In which region a transistor acts as a closed switch?

a. cut off region

b. inverted region

c. active region

d. saturated region

Ans: d) saturated region

268. In which region a transistor acts as an open switch?

a. cut off region

b. inverted region

c. active region

d. saturated region

Ans: a) cut off region

269. The current which is helpful for LED to turn on is_________

a. emitter current

63 | P a g e
b. base current

c. collector current

d. depends on bias

Ans: c) collector current

270. Which of the following statements is true?

a. Solid state switches are applications for an AC output

b. LED’s can be driven by transistor logics

c. Only NPN transistor can be used as a switch

d. Transistor operates as a switch only in active region

Ans: b) Saturated region

Multiple choice questions

Topic-: Clc & π filters

271. Which filter configuration is commonly used for power supply applications to reduce
ripple voltage?

a. CLC filter

b. π filter

c. L-section filter

d. T-section filter

Ans:- a) CLC filter

64 | P a g e
272. What is the purpose of a CLC filter?

a. To amplify signals

b. To reduce noise

c. To regulate voltage

d. To store energy

Ans:- b) To reduce noise

273. In a π filter, what components are typically used?

a. Inductor and capacitor

b. Resistor and capacitor

c. Resistor and inductor

d. Inductor, resistor, and capacitor

Ans:- d) Inductor, resistor, and capacitor

274. Which filter configuration offers better performance in terms of ripple reduction?

a. CLC filter

b. π filter

c. Both offer similar performance

d. Neither, they have different applications

Ans:- b) π filter

275. Which filter configuration is commonly used in audio equipment?

a. CLC filter

b. π filter

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 c. Both are used interchangeably

d. Neither

Ans:- A) CLC filter

276. What is the primary advantage of a CLC filter over a π filter?

a. Lower cost

b. Smaller size

c. Higher efficiency

d. Easier to design

Ans:- b) Smaller size

277. In a π filter, which component primarily serves to reduce ripple voltage?

a. Inductor

b. Resistor

c. Capacitor

d. All components equally contribute

Ans:- c) Capacitor

278. Which filter configuration is more susceptible to voltage spikes and transients?

a. CLC filter

b. π filter

c. Both are equally susceptible

66 | P a g e
 d. Neither

Ans:- a) CLC filter

279. What effect does increasing the capacitance have in a CLC filter?

a. Increases ripple voltage

b. Decreases ripple voltage

c. Increases filter efficiency

d. Decreases filter efficiency

Ans:- b) Decreases ripple voltage

280. Which filter configuration is more commonly used in high-power applications?

a. CLC filter

b. π filter

c. Both are equally used

d. Neither

Ans:- a) CLC filter

281. In a CLC filter, what role does the inductor play?

a. It stores energy

b. It smoothes the output voltage

c. It regulates the current

d. It blocks high-frequency noise

Ans:- b) It smoothest the output voltage

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282. Which filter configuration is more tolerant of component variations?

a. CLC filter

b. π filter

c. Both are equally tolerant

d. Neither

Ans:- c) Both are equally tolerant

283. Which filter configuration offers better impedance matching properties?

a. CLC filter

b. π filter

c. Both offer similar impedance matching

d. Neither

Ans:- b) π filter

284. In a π filter, how is the output voltage affected by load changes?

a. It remains constant

b. It increases

c. It decreases

d. It fluctuates unpredictably

Ans:- c) It decreases

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285. Which filter configuration is easier to implement for high-frequency applications?

a. CLC filter

b. π filter

c. Both are equally suitable

d. Neither

Ans:- . b) π filter

286. What is the primary disadvantage of a CLC filter?

a. Higher cost

b. Larger size

c. Lower efficiency

d. More complex design

Ans:- b) Larger size

287. In a π filter, which component primarily serves to smooth out fluctuations in the
output voltage?

a. Inductor

b. Resistor

c. Capacitor

d. All components equally contribute

Ans:- c) Capacitor

288. Which filter configuration is more commonly used in radio frequency (RF) circuits?

69 | P a g e
 a. CLC filter

b. π filter

c. Both are equally used

d. Neither

Ans:- b) π filter

289. What happens to the output voltage of a CLC filter when the load current increases?

a. It increases

b. It decreases

c. It remains constant

d. It fluctuates unpredictably

Ans:- c) It remains constant

290. Which filter configuration offers better harmonic suppression properties?

a. CLC filter

b. π filter

c. Both offer similar harmonic suppression

d. Neither

Ans:- a) CLC filter

291. In a π filter, what role does the resistor play?

a. It stores energy

b. It smoothest the output voltage

c. It regulates the current

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 d. It dissipates power

Ans:- d) It dissipates power

292. Which filter configuration is more suitable for applications requiring a compact
design?

a. CLC filter

b. π filter

c. Both are equally suitable

d. Neither

Ans:- b) π filter

293. What happens to the output voltage of a π filter when the input voltage increases?

a. It increases

b. It decreases

c. It remains constant

d It fluctuates unpredictably

Ans:- c) It remains constant

294. Which filter configuration offers better transient response characteristics?

a. CLC filter

b. π filter

c. Both offer similar transient response

d. Neither

Ans:- b) π filter

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295. In a CLC filter, what role does the capacitor play?

a. It stores energy

b. It smoothest the output voltage

c. It regulates the current

d. It blocks high-frequency noise

Answer:- b) It smoothest the output voltage

296. Which filter configuration is more commonly used in low-frequency applications?

a. CLC filter

b. π filter

c. Both are equally used

d. Neither

Ans:- a) CLC filter

297.What happens to the output voltage of a π filter when the load resistance increases?

a. It increases

b. It decreases

c. It remains constant

d. It fluctuates unpredictably

Ans:- c) It remains constant

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298. Which filter configuration offers better voltage regulation properties?

a. CLC filter

b. π filter

c. Both offer similar voltage regulation

d. Neither

Ans:- a) CLC filter

299. In a π filter, how does the frequency response change with load variations?

a. It remains constant

b. It widens

c. It narrows

d. It becomes unpredictable

Ans:-. a) It remains constant

300. Which filter configuration is more suitable for applications requiring precise control
over the output voltage?

a. CLC filter

b. π filter

c. Both are equally suitable

d. Neither

Ans:- a) CLC filter

301. Which of the following describes the primary function of a transistor in an amplifier
circuit?

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 a. To convert AC signals to DC signals
b. To increase the power of a signal
c. To regulate the voltage across a circuit
d. To amplify weak signals
Ans:To amplify weak signals

302. In a common emitter configuration, the input signal is applied to which terminal of the
transistor?

a. Base
b. Collector
c. Emitter
d. Drain
Ans.Base

303. Which type of biasing configuration is commonly used in transistor amplifiers?

a. Forward biasing
b. Reverse biasing
c. Self-biasing
d. Active biasing
Ans.Self-biasing

304. What is the purpose of coupling capacitors in amplifier circuits?

a. To prevent DC voltage from affecting subsequent stages

b. To increase the gain of the amplifier
c. To provide negative feedback
d. To regulate the biasing voltage
Ans.To prevent DC voltage from affecting subsequent stages

305. Which of the following configurations provides the highest voltage gain?

a. Common emitter
b. Common base
c. Common collector
d. Darlington pair

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 Ans.Common emitter

306. In a Class A amplifier, the transistor conducts for what portion of the input cycle?

a. 90 degrees
b. 180 degrees
c. 270 degrees
d. 360 degrees
Ans.180 degrees

307. What is the main advantage of Class AB amplifiers over Class A amplifiers?

a. Higher efficiency
b. Higher gain
c. Lower distortion
d. Lower power consumption
Ans. Higher efficiency

308. Which of the following is a characteristic of a Darlington pair configuration?

a. High input impedance

b. Low output impedance
c. High current gain
d. Low voltage gain
Ans.High current gain

309. In a push-pull amplifier, what is the purpose of using complementary transistors?

a. To increase power dissipation

b. To reduce crossover distortion
c. To decrease efficiency
d. To simplify biasing
Ans.To reduce crossover distortion

310. Which type of amplifier configuration is suitable for impedance matching?

a. Common emitter
b. Common base
c. Common collector
d. Differential amplifier
Ans.Common collector
311. What happens when a transistor in a common emitter amplifier circuit is biased too
close to cutoff?
75 | P a g e
 a. Excessive distortion
b. Saturation of the output signal
c. Decreased gain
d. Increased stability
Ans.Excessive distortion

312. In which region does a transistor operate as an amplifier?

a. Saturation
b. Cutoff
c. Active
d. Reverse-active
Ans.Active

313. Which of the following parameters affects the gain bandwidth product of a transistor
amplifier?

a. Input resistance
b. Output resistance
c. Transistor gain
d. Frequency response
Ans.Frequency response

314. What does the Early effect refer to in a bipolar junction transistor?

a. Nonlinear distortion
b. Thermal runaway
c. Variation of collector current with collector voltage
d. Avalanche breakdown
Ans.Variation of collector current with collector voltage

315. Which configuration offers the highest input impedance?

a. Common emitter
b. Common base
c. Common collector
d. Emitter follower
Ans.Common base

316. What is the primary disadvantage of using a transformer-coupled amplifier?

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 a. Limited bandwidth
b. Low efficiency
c. High distortion
d. Poor voltage regulation
Ans.Limited bandwidth

317. In a cascode amplifier configuration, how many transistors are connected in series?

a. One
b. Two
c. Three
d. Four
Ans.Two

318. Which amplifier configuration exhibits the lowest output impedance?

a. Common emitter
b. Common base
c. Common collector
d. Darlington pair
Ans.Common collector

319. What is the primary function of negative feedback in an amplifier circuit?

a. To increase distortion
b. To reduce stability
c. To increase gain
d. To improve linearity
Ans.To improve linearity

320. Which of the following parameters directly affects the gain of a transistor amplifier?

a. Transistor size
b. Input voltage
c. Collector current
d. Base-emitter voltage
Ans.Collector current

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321. What is the purpose of a bypass capacitor in the emitter resistor of a common emitter
amplifier?

a. To block DC voltage
b. To increase the gain
c. To improve stability
d. To provide negative feedback
Ans.To block DC voltage

322. Which amplifier configuration provides the highest voltage gain with good stability?

A) Common emitter

B) Common base

C) Common collector

D) Emitter follower

Ans.Common emitter

323. In a multistage amplifier, what is the function of coupling capacitors?

a. To amplify the signal

b. To provide biasing voltage
c. To isolate DC levels
d. To increase power dissipation
Ans.To isolate DC levels

324. Which amplifier configuration has the lowest input impedance?

a. Common emitter
b. Common base
c. Common collector
d. Emitter follower
Ans.Common emitter

325. What is the main drawback of using a Darlington pair in amplifier circuits?

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 a. High input impedance
b. Low current gain
c. High output impedance
d. High saturation voltage
Ans.High saturation voltage

326. Which amplifier configuration offers a phase shift of 180 degrees between input and
output?

a. Common emitter
b. Common base
c. Common collector
d. Emitter follower
Ans.Common base

327. In a differential amplifier, how many input signals does it amplify?

a. One
b. Two
c. Three
d. Four
Ans.Two

328. What is the primary purpose of a heat sink in a power amplifier?

a. To increase input impedance

b. To decrease output impedance
c. To dissipate heat
d. To amplify signals
Ans.To dissipate heat

79 | P a g e
 329. What is the primary advantage of using a push-pull amplifier configuration?

a. Higher efficiency
b. Higher gain
c. Lower distortion
d. Lower cost
Ans.Higher efficiency

330. In a Class B amplifier, each transistor conducts for how much of the input cycle?

a. 90 degrees
b. 180 degrees
c. 270 degrees
d. 360 degrees
Ans. 90 degrees

331.Which type of transistor configuration provides both voltage and current amplification?

a. Common emitter
b. Common base
c. Common collector
d. Darlington pair
Ans.Common emitter

332.What is the main function of the base-emitter junction in a transistor amplifier?

a. To provide biasing to the transistor

b. To control the collector current
c. To provide amplification of the input signal
d. To provide isolation between input and output

80 | P a g e
 Ans.To control the collector current

333.Which parameter determines the amplification capability of a transistor amplifier?

a. Base width
b. Collector current
c. Transistor gain (hFE or β)
d. Input voltage
Ans.Transistor gain (hFE or β)

334.In which region of operation does a transistor amplifier exhibit the highest gain with
relatively low distortion?

a. Saturation
b. Cutoff
c. Active
d. Reverse active
Ans.Active

335. What is the purpose of coupling capacitors in transistor amplifier circuits?

a. To provide DC biasing
b. To prevent distortion
c. To block DC and allow AC signals to pass
d. To provide stability
Ans.To block DC and allow AC signals to pass

336. The term "beta" (β) in transistor amplifiers refers to:

a. Voltage gain
b. Current gain
c. Power gain
d. Frequency gain

81 | P a g e
 Ans.Current gain

337. The input impedance of a common emitter amplifier is typically:

a. High
b. Low
c. Medium
d. Variable
Ans.High

338. The output impedance of a common collector amplifier is typically:

a. High
b. Low
c. Medium
d. Variable
Ans.Low

339. Which transistor configuration provides phase inversion between input and output
signals?

a. Common emitter
b. Common base
c. Common collector
d. None of the above
Ans.Common emitter

340. What is the purpose of biasing in transistor amplifiers?

a. To provide a stable operating point

b. To increase power consumption
c. To reduce voltage gain
d. To decrease temperature stability
Ans.To provide a stable operating point

341. The small-signal model of a transistor is valid when:

a. Operating at high frequencies

82 | P a g e
 b. Operating at low frequencies
c. Operating at room temperature
d. Operating at high voltages
Ans.Operating at low frequencies

 Multiple choice questions on Regulated Power Supply

331. What is the primary function of a voltage regulator?

a. To amplify voltage
b. To stabilize voltage
c. To convert voltage
d. To store voltage
Ans. To stabilize voltage

332.Which of the following is a type of linear voltage regulator?

a. Zener diode regulator

b. Buck-boost regulator
c. Flyback regulator
d. Switching regulator
Ans.Zener diode regulator

333. What is the purpose of a filter capacitor in a power supply circuit?

a. To regulate voltage
b. To store energy
c. To smooth out voltage ripples
d. To amplify voltage
Ans. To smooth out voltage ripples

83 | P a g e
334. Which of the following statements about a switching regulator is true?

a. It dissipates less heat compared to linear regulators

b. It always has a higher efficiency than linear regulators
c. It requires a large amount of external components
d. It is less complex in design than linear regulators
Ans. It dissipates less heat compared to linear regulators

335.What is the purpose of a current-limiting resistor in a power supply circuit?

a. To regulate current
b. To increase current
c. To decrease voltage
d. To protect components from excessive current
Ans. To protect components from excessive current

336. Which component is responsible for regulating the output voltage in a regulated power
supply?

a. Capacitor
b. Resistor
c. Transistor
d. Diode
Ans. Transistor

337.Which component in a regulated power supply is responsible for maintaining a constant

output voltage?

a. Transformer
b. Rectifier
c. Voltage regulator

84 | P a g e
 d. Capacitor
Ans. Voltage regulator

338.What is the purpose of feedback in a regulated power supply?

a. To increase the efficiency of the power supply

b. To decrease the output voltage
c. To provide stability and accuracy in maintaining the output voltage
d. To filter out noise from the input voltage
Ans. To provide stability and accuracy in maintaining the output voltage

339. Which type of voltage regulator provides the highest level of regulation and efficiency?

a. Series regulator
b. Shunt regulator
c. Linear regulator
d. Switching regulator
Ans. Switching regulator

340. In a linear voltage regulator, what happens to the excess voltage across the regulator?

a. It is converted into heat

b. It is stored in a capacitor
c. It is converted into AC voltage
d. It is fed back to the input voltage source
Ans. It is converted into heat

341. Which component in a regulated power supply is responsible for maintaining a

constant output voltage?

a. Transformer
b.Rectifier
c. Voltage regulator

85 | P a g e
 d.Capacitor
Ans. Voltage regulator

342.Which component is commonly used as a voltage reference in a linear regulator?

a. Resistor
b. Capacitor
c. Zener diode
d. Transistor
Ans. Zener diode

343.Which of the following is the most common type of voltage regulator used in regulated
power supplies?

a. Linear regulator
b. Switching regulator
c. Zener diode regulator
d. Op-amp regulator
Ans. Linear regulator

344.In a linear regulator, what is the purpose of the pass transistor?

a. To regulate the input voltage

b. To amplify the output voltage
c. To control the current flow
d. To provide a reference voltage
Ans. To control the current flow

345.In an electronic circuit, what is the purpose of a voltage divider?

a. To regulate the input voltage

b. To amplify the output voltage
c. To control the current flow

86 | P a g e
 d. To divide the input voltage into smaller values
Ans. To divide the input voltage into smaller values

346.What does the term "ripple voltage" refer to in the context of a regulated power
supply?

a. Fluctuations in the input voltage

b. Variations in the output voltage
c. AC component in the output voltage
d. Voltage spikes
Ans. AC component in the output voltage

347.What is the primary function of a regulated power supply?

a. To generate AC power
b.To convert DC to AC
c. To provide a constant DC output voltage
d.To store electrical energy
Ans. To provide a constant DC output voltage

348.A Zener regulator __________… in the power supply

a. a)Increases the ripplez

b. b)Decreases the ripple
c. C)Neither increases nor decreases the ripple
d. d)Data insufficient
Ans. Decreases the ripple

87 | P a g e
349.A Zener voltage regulator is used for __________… load currents

a. High
b. Very high
c. Moderate
d. Small
Ans. Small

350.An ideal regulated power supply is one which has voltage regulation of __________

a. 0%
b. 5%
c. 10%
d. 1%
Ans. 0%

351.A Zener voltage regulator will cease to act as a voltage regulator if Zener current
becomes __________

a. Less than load current

b. Zero
c. More than load current
d. None of the above
Ans. Zero

352.Commercial power supplies have voltage regulation __________

a. of 10%

88 | P a g e
 b. of 15%
c. of 25%
d. within 1%
Ans. within 1%

353.If the doping level is increased, the breakdown voltage of the Zener …__________

a. Remains the same

b. Is increased
c. Is decreased
d. None of the above
Ans. Is decreased

354.Ideal regulated power supplies have ______ % voltage regulation.

a. 2
b. 7
c. 0
d. 5
Ans. 0

355. What is the primary function of a regulated power supply?

a. To convert AC to DC
b.To provide a stable DC output voltage
c. To amplify electrical signals
d.To store electrical energy
Ans. To provide a stable DC output voltage

356. Which component in a regulated power supply is responsible for maintaining a

constant output voltage despite fluctuations in input or load?

89 | P a g e
 a.Transformer

b. Rectifier

c. Capacitor

d. Voltage regulator

Ans. Voltage regulator

357. Which type of voltage regulator provides the most efficient regulation and lowest
output ripple?

a.Series regulator

b. Shunt regulator

c. Zener diode regulator

d. IC regulator

Ans. IC regulator

358. What is the purpose of the feedback mechanism in a voltage regulator?

a. To adjust the input voltage

b. To stabilize the output voltage
c. To increase the output current
d. To filter the output ripple
a. Ans. To stabilize the output voltage

359. Which parameter describes the ability of a regulated power supply to maintain a
constant output voltage despite changes in load current?

b. a.Load regulation
c. Line regulation
d. Ripple voltage
e. Efficiency

Ans. Load regulation

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360. Which of the following is NOT a common type of voltage regulator?

a.Linear regulator

b.Switching regulator

c. Variable resistor regulator

d. Programmable regulator

Ans. Variable resistor regulator

361. What is the type JFET channel? (choose two option.)

a. N-channel JFET
b. K-channel JFET
c. P-channel JFET
d. I -channel JFET
Ans: a) N-channel JFET, c)P-channel JFET

362. One of the most important characteristic of the FET is its ____input impedance.

a. Very high

b. Very low

c. Low

d. High

Ans: a) very high

363. What is full form of FET?

a. Field effect transistor

b. Field effect transfer
c. Field effect transmission
d. Field effect transmitter
Ans: a. Field effect transistor

364.The field effect transistor (FET) is type of_____.

91 | P a g e
 a. electric current

b. Current

c. Voltage

d. Transistor

Ans: d.Transistor

365.FETS are device with _____ terminal.

a. Three

b. Four

c. Five

d. Six

Ans: a.Three

366. The Felt Effect transistor (FET is a type of Transistor that uses on electric field to
control the flow of ______in a semiconductor.

a. Flux

b. Current

c. electron

d. hole

Ans: b. Current

367. Three terminal device of an FET are not .

a. Drain

b. Source

c. Voltage

d. Gate

Ans: c. Voltage

368. (FET) field effect transistor two main type?

92 | P a g e
 a. Junction FET

b. n-channel JFET

c. MOSFET

d. p-channel JFET

Ans: a. Junction FET

369.The FET application are very much similar to those of ____

a. Bipolar Junction Transistor

b. Unipolar

c. Multi polar

d. Polar junction

Ans: a. Bipolar Junction Transistor

370.Which of the following is not a type of MOSFET?

a. Depletion-mode MOSFET

b. Enhancement-mode MOSFET

c. Depletion/enhancement MOSFET

d. Insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT)

Ans: d. Insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT)

371.In which region does a JFET operate as a voltage-controlled resistor?

a. Saturation

b. Cutoff

c. Triode

d. Active

Ans: c. Triode

372.What happens to the drain current in a depletion-mode MOSFET as the gate-to-source

voltage increases?

93 | P a g e
a. It decreases

b. It increases

c. It remains constant

d. It oscillates

Ans: a. It decreases

373.The drain current in an enhancement-mode MOSFET flows when the gate-to-source

voltage is:

a. Zero

b. Negative

c. Positive

d. Variable

Ans: c. Positive

374.The input impedance of a JFET is mainly determined by:

a. Gate-to-source voltage

b. Gate-to-drain voltage

c. Drain current

d. Gate-to-body voltage

Ans: d. Gate-to-body voltage

375.The threshold voltage in MOSFET is the voltage at which:

a. It begins to conduct

b. It stops conducting

c. It goes into breakdown

d. It oscillates

Ans: a. It begins to conduct

376. In which region does a MOSFET operate as an amplifier?

94 | P a g e
a. Saturation

b. Cutoff

c. Triode

d. Active

Ans: d. Active

377.Which FET has the lowest input impedance?

a. JFET

b. MOSFET

c. MESFET

d. None of the above

Ans: c.MESFET

378.Which of the following is not a type of FET?

a. MOSFET

b. JFET

C. BJT

d. MESFET

Ans: c. BJT

379.FET operates on the principle of:

a. Electron injection

b. Hole injection

c. Electric field modulation

d. Magnetic field modulation

Ans: c. Electric field modulation

380.Which terminal in FET controls the flow of current?

a. Drain
95 | P a g e
b. Source

c. Gate

d. Base

Ans: c.Gate

381.Which type of FET has a narrow channel of semiconductor material?

a. MOSFET

b. JFET

c. BJT

d. IGBT

Ans: b. JFET

382.In an N-channel JFET, the majority carriers are:

a. Holes

b. Electrons

C. Protons

d Neutrons

Ans: b. Protons

383.The drain current in a JFET is controlled b

a. Gate-to-drain voltage

b. Gate-to-source voltage

c. Source-to-drain voltage

d. Gate-to-body voltage

Ans: b. Gate-to-source voltage

384.What is the output impedance of FET devices?

a. High

b. Low
96 | P a g e
c. Medium

d. Variable

Ans: a.High

385.The gate of a JFET is:

a. Reverse-biased

b. Forward-biased

c. Unbiased

d. None of the above

Ans: a. Reverse-biased

386.The symbol of a JFET resembles that of:

a. A diode

b. A capacitor

c. A transformer

d An amplifier

Ans: a. A diode

387.Which FET operates in the enhancement mode only?

a. MOSFET

b. JFET

c. Both A and B

d. Neither A nor B

Ans: a.MOSFET

388.The threshold voltage in MOSFET is the voltage at which:

a. It begins to conduct

97 | P a g e
b. It stops conducting

c. It goes into breakdown

d. It oscillates

Ans: a. It begins to conduct

389.What happens to the drain current in a depletion-mode MOSFET as the gate-to-source

voltage increases?

a. It decreases

b. It increases

c. It remains constant

d. It oscillates

Ans: a. It decreases

390.In which region does a JFET operate as a voltage-controlled resistor?

a. Saturation

b. Cutoff

c. Triode

d. Active

Ans: c. Triode

TOPIC – Zener as voltage Regulator

391. What is the primary function of a Zener diode in voltage regulation?

a. To amplify signals

b. To regulate output voltage

c. To filter noise

98 | P a g e
 d. To convert AC to DC

Answer: b. To regulate output voltage*

392. Which characteristic of a Zener diode allows it to maintain a constant voltage across its
terminals?

a. Forward bias

b. Reverse bias breakdown

c. Capacitance

d. Inductance

Answer: b. Reverse bias breakdown*

393. In a Zener voltage regulator circuit, where is the load typically connected?

a. In series with the Zener diode

b. In parallel with the Zener diode

c. In series with the input voltage

d. In parallel with the input voltage

Answer: b. In parallel with the Zener diode

394. What is the significance of the breakdown voltage in a Zener diode?

a. It determines the forward voltage drop

b. It controls the current flow through the diode

99 | P a g e
 c. It determines the reverse bias voltage at which the diode conducts

d. It establishes the regulation voltage for the circuit

Answer: d. It establishes the regulation voltage for the circuit

395. Which parameter is crucial for selecting a Zener diode for a voltage regulation
application?

a. Forward current rating

b. Reverse voltage rating

c. Breakdown voltage

d. Capacitance

Answer: c. Breakdown voltage

396. In a Zener voltage regulator circuit, what role does the series resistor play?

a. To limit the current through the load

b. To amplify the voltage

c. To decrease the output voltage

d. To increase the output current

Answer: a. To limit the current through the load

397. What effect does temperature have on the breakdown voltage of a Zener diode?

a. It decreases the breakdown voltage

100 | P a g e
 b. It increases the breakdown voltage

c. It has no significant effect

d. It causes the Zener diode to fail

Answer: b) It increases the breakdown voltage

398. Which of the following is a disadvantage of Zener diode voltage regulators?

a. High efficiency

b. Low cost

c. Poor voltage regulation

d. Easy implementation

Answer: c.Poor voltage regulation

399. How does a Zener diode behave when it is reverse biased beyond its breakdown
voltage?

a. It becomes an open circuit

b. It conducts heavily in the forward direction

c. It operates in the breakdown region, maintaining a nearly constant voltage

d. It heats up and burns out

Answer: c. It operates in the breakdown region, maintaining a nearly constant voltage

400. Which type of Zener diode exhibits a sharp breakdown characteristic?

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 a. Silicon

b. Germanium

c. Avalanche

d. Tunnel

Answer: c. Avalanche

401. What is the typical range of breakdown voltages for Zener diodes commonly used in
voltage regulation circuits?

a. 0.1 V - 1 V

b. 1 V - 10 V

c. 10 V - 100 V

d. 100 V - 1000 V

Answer: b. 1 V - 10 V

402. In a Zener voltage regulator, what happens if the input voltage exceeds the Zener
diode's breakdown voltage?

a. The output voltage decreases

b. The output voltage increases

c. The Zener diode conducts heavily

d. The Zener diode becomes reverse biased

Answer: c. The Zener diode conducts heavily

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403. What role does feedback play in Zener voltage regulation circuits?

a. It stabilizes the input voltage

b. It adjusts the load resistance

c. It maintains a constant output voltage by adjusting the current through the Zener diode

d. It increases the breakdown voltage of the Zener diode

Answer: c. It maintains a constant output voltage by adjusting the current through the Zener
diode

404. Which configuration is commonly used for a Zener voltage regulator?

a. Common emitter

b. Common base

c. Common collector

d. None of the above

Answer: d. None of the above

405. What is the typical voltage tolerance for Zener diodes used in voltage regulation
applications?

a. ±5%

b. ±10%

c. ±1%

d. ±20%

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 Answer: b. ±10%

406. What is the purpose of the series resistor in a Zener voltage regulator circuit?

a. To limit the current through the Zener diode

b. To amplify the voltage

c. To decrease the output voltage

d. To increase the output current

Answer: a. To limit the current through the Zener diode*

407. Which semiconductor material is commonly used to manufacture Zener diodes?

a. Silicon

b. Germanium

c. Gallium arsenide

d. Carbon

Answer: a. Silicon

408. What happens if the current through the Zener diode drops below the minimum
required value?

a. The output voltage decreases

b. The output voltage increases

c. The Zener diode becomes forward biased

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 d. The Zener diode burns out

Answer: d. The Zener diode burns out

409. Which type of Zener diode exhibits a softer breakdown characteristic?

a. Silicon

b. Germanium

c. Avalanche

d. Tunnel

Answer: b. Germanium

410. What is the typical reverse bias voltage applied to a Zener diode for voltage regulation?

a. Less than its breakdown voltage

b. Equal to its breakdown voltage

c. Greater than its breakdown voltage

d. Variable depending on the load

Answer: b. Equal to its breakdown voltage

411. In a Zener voltage regulator circuit, what happens if the load resistance decreases?

a. The output voltage decreases

b. The output voltage increases

c. The Zener diode conducts less current

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 d. The Zener diode becomes forward biased

Answer: a) The output voltage decreases

412. What is the primary function of a Zener diode in voltage regulation?

a. To amplify signals

b. To regulate output voltage

c. To filter noise

d,.To convert AC to DC

Answer: b) To regulate output voltage

413. Which characteristic of a Zener diode allows it to maintain a constant voltage across its
terminals?

a. Forward bias

b. Reverse bias breakdown

c. Capacitance

d. Inductance

Answer: b) Reverse bias breakdown

414. In a Zener voltage regulator circuit, where is the load typically connected?

a. In series with the Zener diode

b. In parallel with the Zener diode

c. In series with the input voltage

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 d. In parallel with the input voltage

Answer: b) In parallel with the Zener diode

415. What is the significance of the breakdown voltage in a Zener diode?

a. It determines the forward voltage drop

b. It controls the current flow through the diode

c. It determines the reverse bias voltage at which the diode conducts

d. It establishes the regulation voltage for the circuit

Answer: d) It establishes the regulation voltage for the circuit

416. Which parameter is crucial for selecting a Zener diode for a voltage regulation
application?

a. Forward current rating

b. Reverse voltage rating

c. Breakdown voltage

d. Capacitance

Answer: c) Breakdown voltage

417. In a Zener voltage regulator circuit, what role does the series resistor play?

a. To limit the current through the load

b. To amplify the voltage

c. To decrease the output voltage

d. To increase the output current

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 Answer: a) To limit the current through the load

418. What effect does temperature have on the breakdown voltage of a Zener diode?

a. It decreases the breakdown voltage

b. It increases the breakdown voltage

c. It has no significant effect

d. It causes the Zener diode to fail

Answer: b) It increases the breakdown voltage

419. Which of the following is a disadvantage of Zener diode voltage regulators?

a. High efficiency

b. Low cost

c. Poor voltage regulation

d. Easy implementation

Answer: c) Poor voltage regulation

420. How does a Zener diode behave when it is reverse biased beyond its breakdown
voltage?

a. It becomes an open circuit

b. It conducts heavily in the forward direction

c. It operates in the breakdown region, maintaining a nearly constant voltage

d. It heats up and burns out

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 Answer: c) It operates in the breakdown region, maintaining a nearly constant voltage

421.What is the primary characteristic of an offline UPS system?

a. It constantly supplies power to the AC load from the battery.

b. It uses a generator as a backup power source during outages.
c. It supplies power to the AC load directly from the AC mains during normal operation.
d. It requires constant monitoring and maintenance to function effectively.

Ans. c) It supplies power to the AC load directly from the AC mains during normal operation.

422.The total time taken to sense the power failure and make a changeover from mains to
UPS is about 5 microseconds

a. 50 microseconds
b. 5 milliseconds
c. 500 milliseconds
d. 50 milliseconds

Ans.b) 5 milliseconds

423.Which of the following is a disadvantage of using an off-line UPS system?

a. High cost of installation

b. Enhanced voltage regulation
c. Isolation between AC source and load
d. Poor quality of load voltage

Ans. d) Poor quality of load voltage

424. Which of the following is an application of Off-line UPS?

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 a. Supporting general purpose loads
b. Providing backup power for large data centers
c. Powering heavy industrial machinery
d. Operating critical medical equipment

Ans a) Supporting general purpose loads

425. What happens to the static switches in an offline UPS system when the mains power is
disconnected?

a. The UPS static switch opens and the mains static switch closes.
b. Both the UPS static switch and the mains static switch remain closed.
c. The UPS static switch closes and the mains static switch opens.
d. Both the UPS static switch and the mains static switch open.

Ans. c) The UPS static switch closes and the mains static switch opens.

426. Which of the following is a merit of off-line UPS systems?

a. Continuous usage of the inverter, ensuring uninterrupted power supply.

b. Higher rating of the rectifier/charger block to handle constant power conversion.
c. Larger size compared to other UPS configurations.
d. Economical operation due to occasional use of the inverter during normal operation.

Ans. d) Economical operation due to occasional use of the inverter during normal operation.

427. Which statement best describes the comparative reliability of offline and online UPS
systems?

a. Offline UPS systems are more reliable than online UPS systems.
b. Offline UPS systems are equally reliable as online UPS systems.

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 c. Offline UPS systems are less reliable than online UPS systems.
d. Offline UPS systems and online UPS systems have the same level of reliability.

Ans. c) Offline UPS systems are less reliable than online UPS systems.

428. What does UPS stand for?

a. Uninterrupted Power Source

b. Uninterruptible Power Supply
c. Universal Power System
d. Unitized Power Source

Ans. b) Uninterruptible Power Supply

429. Which component of an offline UPS system is responsible for switching to battery
power during a power outage?

a. Inverter
b. Rectifier
c. Battery
d. Converter

Ans. c) Battery

430. What is the typical transfer time for an offline UPS when switching from mains power
to battery power?

a. 0 milliseconds
b. 1-2 milliseconds
c. 10-20 milliseconds
d. 100-200 milliseconds

Ans. c) 10-20 milliseconds

431. Which type of load is best suited for an offline UPS?

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 a. Critical loads
b. Non-critical loads
c. Inductive loads
d. Capacitive loads

Ans. b) Non-critical loads

432. Which of the following is a disadvantage of an offline UPS compared to an online

UPS?

a. Lower cost
b. Higher efficiency
c. Longer battery life
d. Longer transfer time

Ans. d) Longer transfer time

433. What is the purpose of a bypass switch in an offline UPS system?

a. To switch between battery power and mains power

b. To regulate the output voltage
c. To provide surge protection
d. To disconnect the UPS during maintenance

Ans. a) To switch between battery power and mains power

434. Which topology describes an offline UPS system?

a. Double Conversion
b. Line-Interactive
c. Standby
d. Delta Conversion

Ans. c) Standby

435. In an offline UPS system, when does the battery charge?

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 a. Only during a power outage
b. Continuously
c. Only when the load is low
d. When the bypass switch is activated

Ans. b) Continuously

436.Which of the following is NOT a factor to consider when sizing an offline UPS for a
specific application?

a. Power factor
b. Load type
c. Operating temperature
d. Voltage regulation

Ans. d) Voltage regulation

437. What is the primary function of the rectifier in an offline UPS?

a. To convert AC to DC
b. To regulate the output voltage
c. To provide surge protection
d. To condition the power supply

Ans. a) To convert AC to DC

438. Which of the following statements is true regarding the efficiency of an offline UPS
system?

a. Efficiency is higher than 95% under all load conditions

b. Efficiency decreases as the load increases
c. Efficiency is constant regardless of the load
d. Efficiency is independent of the input voltage

Ans. b) Efficiency decreases as the load increases

439. Which factor determines the runtime of an offline UPS system during a power outage?

a. Battery capacity

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 b. Output voltage
c. Input frequency
d. Bypass switch rating

Ans. a) Battery capacity

440.What type of waveform does an offline UPS system typically produce when running on
battery power?

a. Sinusoidal
b. B) Square
c. C) Sawtooth
d. D) Triangular

Ans. B) Square

441.Which of the following is a common application for an offline UPS?

a. Data centers
b. Medical equipment
c. Industrial machinery
d. Personal computers

Ans. D) Personal computers

442. Which of the following factors contributes to the environmental impact of an offline
UPS system?

a. Battery disposal
b. Voltage regulation
c. Input frequency
d. Inverter efficiency

Ans. A) Battery disposal

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443. What is the primary characteristic of an offline UPS system?

a. It constantly supplies power to the AC load from the battery.

b. It uses a generator as a backup power source during outages.
c. It supplies power to the AC load directly from the AC mains during normal operation.
d. It requires constant monitoring and maintenance to function effectively.

Ans. c) It supplies power to the AC load directly from the AC mains during normal operation.

444. The total time taken to sense the power failure and make a changeover from mains to
UPS is about 5 microseconds

a. 50 microseconds
b. 5 milliseconds
c. 500 milliseconds
d. 50 milliseconds

Ans. b) 5 milliseconds

445. Which of the following is a disadvantage of using an off-line UPS system?

a. High cost of installation

b. Enhanced voltage regulation
c. Isolation between AC source and load
d. Poor quality of load voltage

Ans. d) Poor quality of load voltage

446. Which of the following is an application of Off-line UPS?

115 | P a g e
 a. Supporting general purpose loads
b. Providing backup power for large data centers
c. Powering heavy industrial machinery
d. Operating critical medical equipment

Ans. a) Supporting general purpose loads

447. What happens to the static switches in an offline UPS system when the mains power is
disconnected?

a. The UPS static switch opens and the mains static switch closes.
b. Both the UPS static switch and the mains static switch remain closed.
c. The UPS static switch closes and the mains static switch opens.
d. Both the UPS static switch and the mains static switch open.

Ans. c) The UPS static switch closes and the mains static switch opens.

448. Which of the following is a merit of off-line UPS systems?

a. Continuous usage of the inverter, ensuring uninterrupted power supply.

b. Higher rating of the rectifier/charger block to handle constant power conversion.
c. Larger size compared to other UPS configurations.
d. Economical operation due to occasional use of the inverter during normal operation.

Ans. d) Economical operation due to occasional use of the inverter during normal operation.

449. Which statement best describes the comparative reliability of offline and online UPS
systems?

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 a. Offline UPS systems are more reliable than online UPS systems.
b. Offline UPS systems are equally reliable as online UPS systems.
c. Offline UPS systems are less reliable than online UPS systems.
d. Offline UPS systems and online UPS systems have the same level of reliability.

Ans. c) Offline UPS systems are less reliable than online UPS systems.

450. Why size and power rating of off-line ups is lower than on-line UPS system charger.

a. because rectifier has two functions to perform

b. because rectifier does not perform any function
c. because rectifier has only one function to perform. i.e. charge the battery bank.
d. both a & b

Ans.c) because rectifier has only one function to perform, i.e., charge the battery bank.

451. In a JFET, what happens to the drain current when the gate-to-source voltage is
increased?
a. The drain current decreases
b. The drain current increases
c. The drain current remains constant
d. The drain current becomes zero

Ans. A) The drain current decreases

452. What is the most distinguishing feature of a JFET?

a. Insulated gate
b. Depletion region
c. P-N junction
d. Scotty barrier

117 | P a g e
 Ans. B) Depletion region

453. Which FET exhibits a pinch-off effect?

a. JFET
b. MOSFET
c. BJT
d. IGBT
Ans.A) JFET

454). which of the following is NOT a type of JFET?

a. N-channel JFET
b. P-channel JFET
c. Depletion-mode JFET
d. Enhancement-mode JFET

Ans. D) Enhancement-mode JFET

455. Which terminal of a MOSFET serves as the input?

a. Drain
b. Gate
c. Source
d. Substrate

Ans. B) Gate

456. What is the primary advantage of using a MOSFET over a BJT?

a. High switching speed
b. High current gain
c. Low input impedance
d. Low output impedance

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 Ans. A) High switching speed

457. What type of FET has a vertical structure?

a. JFET
b. MOSFET
c. IGBT
Ans. C) IGBT

458. Which FET exhibits no gate current?

a. JFET
b. MOSFET
c. BJT
d. IGBT

Ans. B) MOSFET

459. A……Vgs will control the channel width to control the drain current.
a. Positive voltage
b. Negative voltage

Ans. B

460. The ……p-n junction of a JFET is always reverse biased.

a. Gate to source
b. Drain to source
c. Gate to drain
d. Source to gate

Ans. A

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 461. The electrons pass through the narrow passage between the two p-type gates. This is
called……..
a. Junction
b. None of these
c. Channel

Ans. C

462. Vgs is ……..for a p-channel JFET.

a. Positive and negative
b. Negative
c. Positive

Ans. C

463. Due to the reverse bias on the gate-source junction, the gate current is……
a. a)small
b. Big
c. Largest
d. Negligibly small

Ans. D

464. The electrons leave the channel through the ……terminal.

a. Drain
b. Gate
c. Source
d. None of these

Ans. A

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 465. The channel width reduces with increase in…..
a. Vgs
b. Vgd
c. None of these

Ans. A

466. The channel width is constant when a JFET is operated in the………

a. Saturation region
b. Depletion region
c. Active region
d. Cut-Off region

Ans. A

467. The ON state resistance of a JFET depends on the ……..

a. Length
b. Width
c. Length and width
d. None of these

Ans. C

468. For an n-channel JFET, the ……..terminal emits electrons.

a. Drain
b. Sourse
c. Gate
d. None of these

Ans. B

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 469. Which type of FET has the highest input impedance?
a. JFET
b. MOSFET
c. BJT
d. IGBT

Ans.A) JFET

470. What is the primary disadvantage of a JFET compared to a MOSFET?

a. Higher gate capacitance
b. Lower gain bandwidth product
c. Susceptible to thermal runaway
d. Poor high-frequency response

Ans. B) Lower gain bandwidth product

471. Which FET is most commonly used in integrated circuits (ICs)?

a. JFET
b. MOSFET
c. BJT
d. IGBT

Ans. B) MOSFET

472. In a MOSFET, what happens when the gate-to-source voltage is increased beyond a
certain value?
a. The drain current decreases
b. The channel undergoes pinch-off
c. The gate current increases
d. The drain-source voltage decreases

Ans. B) The channel undergoes pinch-off

122 | P a g e
 473. Which FET is more susceptible to the effect of temperature variations?
a. JFET
b. MOSFET
c. BJT
d. IGBT

Ans.A) JFET

474. What is the primary application of a MESFET (Metal-Semiconductor FET)?

a. Power amplification
b. Microwave circuits
c. Digital logic gates
d. Voltage regulation

Ans. B) Microwave circuits

475. What does the term “FET” stand for?

a. Fast Electron Transistor
b. Field Effect Transistor
c. Floating Emitter Transistor
d. Frequency Enhancement Transistor

Ans. B) Field Effect Transistor

476. Which terminal of a JFET serves as the input?

a. Drain
b. Gate
c. Source

123 | P a g e
d. Substrate

Ans. B) Gate

477. What is the symbol for a JFET in a circuit diagram?

a. Triangle
b. Circle
c. Square
d. Hexagon

Ans. A) Triangle

478. Which FET has a vertical structure similar to a BJT?

a. JFET
b. MESFET
c. MOSFET
d. IGBT

Ans. D) IGBT

479. What is the primary disadvantage of an IGBT compared to a MOSFET?

a. Slower switching speed
b. Lower input impedance
c. Higher gate capacitance
d. More susceptible to thermal runaway

Ans. A) Slower switching speed

480. Which FET has the highest Trans conductance?

a. JFET
b. MOSFET

124 | P a g e
c. BJT
d. IGBT

Ans. A) JFET

481. What distinguishes an Online UPS from other types of UPS?

a. It has a lower cost

b. It provides surge protection only

c. It continuously supplies power from its inverter, regardless of the incoming power quality

d. It requires frequent battery replacements

Ans: c. it continuously supplies power from its inverter, regardless of the incoming power quality

482. Which of the following is a benefit of using an Online UPS?

a.Lower initial cost

reduced energy consumption
c. Enhanced protection against power fluctuations and surges
d.Limited compatibility with sensitive electronic device

Ans:c. Enhanced protection against power fluctuations and surges

483. During normal operation, how does an Online UPS supply power to connected
devices?

a. Directly from the mains power

b. Through its battery

c. By converting AC power to DC power

d. By converting DC power to AC power

Ans: a. Directly from the mains power

125 | P a g e
484. What is the typical efficiency range of an Online UPS?

a. 50-60%

b. 70-80%

c. 90-95%

d.100%

Ans:c. 90-95%

485. Which component of an Online UPS is responsible for converting AC power to DC

power to charge the battery?

a. Rectifier

b. Inverter

c. Capacitor

d. Transformer

Ans: a. Rectifier

486. What is the purpose of a UPS in general?

a. To provide backup power during outages

b. To regulate the voltage of the incoming power

c. To switch between AC and DC power sources

d. To bypass the power supply and provide direct power to the load

Ans: a. To provide backup power during outages

487. Which type of UPS is commonly used for small office setups or home computers?

a.Offline UPS

b.Line-interactive UPS

c.Online UPS

d.Hybrid UPS

Ans: b.Line-interactive UPS

126 | P a g e
488. What is the typical backup time provided by a UPS during a power outage?

a.30 minutes to 1 hour

b. 1 to 3 hours

c. 3 to 6 hours

d. More than 6 hours

Ans:a.30 minutes to 1 hour

489. Which component of a UPS is responsible for charging the battery?

a.Inverter

b.Rectifier

c.Transformer

d.Battery

Ans:b.Rectifier

490. What is the primary advantage of using a Line-interactive UPS over an Offline UPS?

a.Higher efficiency

b. Longer battery life

c. Seamless power transfer during outages

d.Lower cost

Ans:c. Seamless power transfer during outages

491. What does UPS stand for in an Online UPS system?

a.Uninterrupted Power Supply

b.Universal Power Source
c.Uninterruptible Power System
d.Universal Power Solution

Ans:c.Uninterruptible Power System

492. Which of the following describes the primary function of an Online UPS system?

127 | P a g e
a.To regulate voltage fluctuations
b.To provide backup power during outages
c.To convert DC power to AC power
d.To continuously supply power without interruption

Ans:d. To continuously supply power without interruption

493. In an Online UPS system, what is the role of the battery?

a.To provide power only during blackouts

b.To regulate the voltage output
c.To store energy and provide immediate power during outages
d.To convert AC power to DC power

Ans:c.To store energy and provide immediate power during outages

494. Which component of an Online UPS system ensures a seamless transition between
power sources during outages?

a.Voltage regulator
inverter
rectifier
battery charger

Ans:b. Inverter

495. What distinguishes an Online UPS system from other types of UPS systems?

a.It provides surge protection

b.It has a faster response time during outages
c. It continuously powers the load from the battery

Ans:c. It continuously powers the load from the battery

496. Which component makes an online UPS different from offline UPS?

a.Charge Controller
b.Battery
c.Static switch
d.AC/DC rectifier

Ans:c.Static switch

497. Online UPS requires…

a.Only battery

128 | P a g e
b.Only rectifier
c.Both inverter and rectifier
d.Only inverter

Ans: c.Both inverter and rectifier

498. What is the advantage of on line UPS over OFF line UPS?

a.Supplies constant power output

b.It gives constant output frequency
c.Free from change over and transition problem
d.Works on single phase or three phase supply.

Ans:c.Free from change over and transition problem

499. Which is the cause for the fault if the output voltage of on line UPS is higher than
normal?

a.Defective feedback circuit

b.Battery get short circuited
c.Input voltage is very high
d.Relay points are joined together.

Ans:a.Defective feedback circuit

500. Which UPS is much costlier?

a.Off line UPS

b.Standby UPS
c.Line interactive UPS
d.On line UPS
Ans:d.On line UPS
501. In the online ups system the ....... is always connected to the inverter through the ups
static switch.
a. Resistance
b. Diode
c. load
d. semiconductor
Ans:c. load
502. Conduction through the static switch is .......
a.By directional
b.un directional
c.constant

129 | P a g e
d.none of this
Ans: a.By directional
503. The operation of an online ups can be divided into ........ modes.
a.one
b.Two
c.Three
d.Four
Ans:b.Two
504. When the AC mains is on the rectifier circuit will supply the power to the ......... as well
as ..........
a. Battery
b. inverter
c.Both A & B
d.none of this
Ans: c.Both A & B
505. When the mains AC supply the rectifier output is .........
armored
b. less
c. constant
d. zero
Ans:d. zero
506. ........ provides isolation between AC source and load.
a.online ups
b. offline ups
c.zener regulator
d.voltage regulator
Ans:a.online ups
507. What does UPS stand for in an Online UPS system?
a.Uninterrupted Power Supply
b.Universal Power Source
c.Uninterruptible Power System
d.Universal Power Solution
Ans:c.Uninterruptible Power System
508. Which of the following describes the primary function
of an Online UPS system?
a.To regulate voltage fluctuations
b.To provide backup power during outages
c.To convert DC power to AC power
d.To continuously supply power without interruption
Ans:d.To continuously supply power without interruption

130 | P a g e
509. In an Online UPS system, what is the role of the
battery?
a.To provide power only during blackouts
b.To regulate the voltage output
c.To store energy and provide immediate power during outages
d.To convert AC power to DC power
Ans:c.To store energy and provide immediate power during outages
510. What is the purpose of a bypass switch in an Online
UPS?
a. To switch between AC and DC power sources
b. To provide backup power during outages
c. To regulate the voltage of the incoming power
d. To bypass the UPS system and provide direct power to the load
Ans:d. To bypass the UPS system and provide direct power to the load

511. What type of transistor is a JFET?

a. a.Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT)
b. b.Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor (MOSFET)
c. c.Junction Field-Effect Transistor (JFET)
d. Insulated-Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT)

Ans:c.Junction Field-Effect Transistor (JFET)

512. How does the conductivity of a JFET change when the gate-to-source voltage (VGS) is
varied?

a. It remains constant
b. It decreases
c. c It increases
d. d.It oscillates

Ans:a. It remains constant

513. Which region of a JFET is responsible for controlling the flow of current?

a. a.Drain region
b. b.Source region
c. c.Gate region
d. Depletion region

Ans:d. Depletion region

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514. In which biasing configuration does a JFET operate?

a. a.Forward bias
b. Reverse bias
c. c.Cut-off bias
d. d.Active bias

Ans:b.Reverse bias

515. What happens to the drain current (ID) of a JFET when the gate-to-source voltage
(VGS) is increased beyond a certain threshold?

a.ID decreases
b.remains constant
c.ID increases
d.ID becomes zero
Ans:a.ID decreases
516. A ........ Voltage is applied between the drain and source Terminals of JFET.
a. positive
b. negative
c. both A & B
d. none of this
Ans:a. positive
517. The .......... type material has a finite resistance.
a. n- type
b. p- type
c. both A & B
d. none of this
Ans:a. n- type
518. The penetration of the depletion region into n-type bar depends on ....... of reverse bais
voltage.
a. direction
b. magnitude
c. displacement
d. force
Ans:b. magnitude
519. The depletion region spread ......... into the n- type bar.
a. maximum
b. less
c.minimum
d. more
Ans:d. more

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520. The channel width is zero therefore the drain current is .........
a. zero
b. one
c.Three
d. Two
Ans: a. zero
521. Saturation region of JFET is also known as...region
a.Pinch off
b.Analog
c.Source
d.Ohmic
Ans:d.Ohmic
522. A JFET can operate in…
a.Only depletion mode
b.Only enhancement mode
c.Both depletion and enhancement mode.
d.Neither depletion nor enhancement modes
Ans:a.Only depletion mode
523. When JFET is pinch off; the depletion layers are..
a.Conducting
b.Close together
c.Touching
d.Far apart
Ans:b.close together
524. Whenever a JFET operates above pinch off voltage?
a.Drain current start decreasing
b.Drain current start decreasing steeply
c.Depletion region becomes smaller
d.Drain current remains nearly constant
Ans:d.Drain current remains nearly constant
525. According to the symbolic representation of N and P channel, the gate arrow is always
pointed towards…
a.P type material
b.N type material
c.P type in P channel FET and N type in N channel FET
d.All of above

Ans:b.N type material

526. Which type of charge carriers are predominant in a JFET?

a. Electrons
133 | P a g e
b. Holes

c. Both electrons and holes

d. None of the above

Ans:a. Electrons

527. What is the primary mode of operation for a JFET?

a. Cut-off

b. Saturation

c. Active

d. Reverse bias

Ans:c. Active

528. In which region does a JFET act as a voltage-controlled resistor?

a. Cut-off

b. Saturation

c. Active

d. Reverse bias

Ans:c. Active

529. What is the key parameter that determines the amplification capability of a JFET?

a.Gate-source voltage

b.Drain-source voltage

c.Transconductance

d.Gate threshold voltage

Ans:c.Transconductance

530. The gate voltage in a JFET at which drain current becomes zero is called

a.pinch-off voltage.
b.saturation voltage.

134 | P a g e
c.active voltage.
d.cut-off voltage
Ans:a.pinch-off voltage.
531. Which terminal of a JFET controls the flow of current between the other two
terminals?
a.Source
b.Drain
c.Gate
d.Base

Ans:c.Gate

532. In a JFET, the channel conductivity is controlled by:

a.Applying a voltage to the source terminal

b.Applying a voltage to the drain terminal
c.Applying a voltage to the gate terminal
d.Varying the doping concentration in the channel

Ans:c.Applying a voltage to the gate terminal

533. What happens to the drain current (Id) in a JFET when the gate-to-source voltage
(Vgs) is increased?

a.Id increases
b.Id decreases
c.Id remains constant
d.Id becomes zero

Ans:b.Id decreases

534. Which type of JFET has majority carriers of the same polarity as the dopants in the
channel region?

a.N-channel JFET
b.P-channel JFET
c.Depletion-mode JFET
d.Enhancement-mode JFET

Ans:a.N-channel JFET

535. Which of the following statements about JFETs is true?

135 | P a g e
a.They have low input impedance
b.They have high output impedance
c.They are current-controlled devices
d.They are primarily used for power amplification

Ans:b.They have high output impedance

536. What is transconductance in a JFET?

a.The ratio of output voltage to input current

b.The ratio of output current to input voltage
c.The change in drain current with respect to the change in gate-to-source voltage
d.The change in gate-to-source voltage with respect to the change in drain curren

Ans:c.The change in drain current with respect to the change in gate-to-source voltage

537. Which configuration allows a JFET to function as a voltage-controlled resistor?

a.Common source
b.Common drain
c.Common gate
d.None of the above

Ans:c.Common gate

538. What is the primary advantage of using JFETs over bipolar junction transistors
(BJTs)?

a.Higher switching speed

b.Lower input impedance
c.Higher input impedance
d.Greater power handling capability

Ans:c.Higher input impedance

539. What is the value of Rs required to self bias an N channel JFET with Vp = -10 V, IDSS =
40 mA and VGSQ = -5 V?

a.250 Ω
b.500 Ω
c.750 Ω
d.1500 Ω
Ans:b.500 Ω

136 | P a g e
 540. Which of the following is NOT a type of Field Effect Transistor?

a.JFET
b.Depletion MOSFET
c.Enhancement MOSFET
d.Thyristor
Ans:d.Thyristor

541. Question: What does JFET stand for?

a. Junction Feedback Electrode Transistor
b. Junction Field Effect Transistor
c. Joint Flicker Elimination Technique
d. Just Fast Electronic Transformer
Ans: b. Junction Field Effect Transistor

542.Question: How many terminals does a JFET have?

a. 2
b. 3
c. 4
d. 5
Ans: b. 3

543. Question: Which terminal controls the conductivity of a JFET?

a. Source
b. Drain
c. Gate
d. Base
Ans: c. Gate

137 | P a g e
 544. Question: What is the typical input impedance of a JFET?
a. Low
b. Medium
c. High
d. Variable
Ans: c. High

545.Question: In which mode does a JFET normally operate?

a. Enhancement
b. Saturation
c. Depletion
d. Amplification
Ans: c. Depletion

546. Question: Which of the following is a characteristic of JFETs?

a. High current gain
b. Low input impedance
c. Voltage-controlled operation
d. Resistance-controlled operation
Ans: c. Voltage-controlled operation

547. Question: What happens to the conductivity of a JFET when a reverse bias voltage is
applied to the gate?
a. Increases
b. Decreases
c. Remains unchanged
d. Becomes zero
Ans: b. Decreases

548. Question: Which type of current flows through a JFET from source to drain?
a. AC current
b. DC current
c. Alternating current

138 | P a g e
d. Pulsating current
Ans: b. DC current

549. Question: What is one advantage of JFETs over BJTs?

a. Higher current gain
b. Lower input impedance
c. Less susceptibility to thermal runaway
d. Complex biasing requirements
Ans: c. Less susceptibility to thermal runaway

550. Question: What parameter does a JFET control when used as an amplifier?
a. Current gain
b. Voltage gain
c. Power gain
d. Frequency gain
Ans: b.Voltage gain

551. Question: What material is commonly used for the semiconductor channel in JFETs?
a. Silicon
b. Germanium
c. Gallium arsenide
d. Indium phosphide
Ans: a.Silicon

552. Question: Which of the following statements about JFETs is true?

a. They have negative temperature coefficient of resistance.
b. They are always operated in the forward active region.
c. They have a positive temperature coefficient of resistance.
d. They require a base current to control the collector current.
Ans: a. They have negative temperature coefficient of resistance.

139 | P a g e
 553. Question: What happens to the drain current of a JFET when the gate-source voltage
is increased?
a. It decreases
b. It increases
c. It remains constant
d. It becomes zero
Ans: a. It decreases

554.Question: Which region of operation does a JFET operate in when the gate-source
voltage is zero?
a. Saturation
b. Cut-off
c. Active
d. Reverse-bias
Ans: c. Active

555. Question: What is the primary disadvantage of JFETs compared to MOSFETs?

a. Higher input capacitance
b. Higher gate leakage current
c. Lower input impedance
d. Greater susceptibility to thermal runaway
Ans: a. Higher input capacitance

556. Question: What type of charge carriers predominate in an N-channel JFET?

140 | P a g e
a. Electrons
b. Holes
c. Protons
d. Neutrons
Ans: a. Electrons

557. Question: What type of biasing is typically used for JFET amplifiers?
a. Voltage biasing
b. Current biasing
c. Feedback biasing
d. Diode biasing
Ans: a.Voltage biasing

558. Question: Which parameter of a JFET is inversely proportional to the gate-source

voltage?
a. Input impedance
b. Drain current
c. Transconductance
d. Output impedance
Ans: b. Drain current

559. Question: What is the symbol used to represent an N-channel JFET in a circuit
diagram?
a. P
b. N
c. J
d. Q
Ans: b. N

560.Question: Which of the following is a characteristic of JFETs?

a. High power dissipation
b. Low gate leakage current
c. Low transconductance
141 | P a g e
d. High output capacitance
Ans: b. Low gate leakage current

561.Question:What happens to the drain-source resistance of a JFET when the gate-source

voltage becomes more negative?
a. Increases
b. Decreases
c. Remains constant
d. Becomes zero
Ans: b. Decreases

562.Question: Which region of operation of a JFET corresponds to maximum drain

current?
a. Saturation
b. Cut-off
c. Active
d. Pinch-off
Ans: c.Active

563. Question: What type of charge carriers predominate in a P-channel JFET?

a. Electrons
b. Holes
c. Protons
d. Neutrons
Ans: b. Holes

142 | P a g e
 564. Question: What is the primary advantage of JFETs over bipolar junction transistors
(BJTs)?
a. Higher current gain
b. Lower input capacitance
c. Lower noise
d. Higher transconductance
Ans: c.Lower noise

565. Question: Which type of JFET is more commonly used in practice?

a. P-channel
b. N-channel
c. Both are equally common
d. Neither, JFETs are not commonly used
Ans: b.N-channel

566. Question: What type of biasing is typically required for JFETs?

a. Forward biasing
b. Reverse biasing
c. Zero biasing
d. Voltage biasing
Ans: d. Voltage biasing

567. Question: Which terminal of a JFET is analogous to the base of a bipolar junction
transistor (BJT)?
a. Source
b. Gate
c. Drain
d. Emitter
Ans: b. Gate

143 | P a g e
 568. Question: What is the output characteristic of a JFET?
a. Drain current vs. gate-source voltage
b. Drain current vs. drain-source voltage
c. Drain current vs. gate-drain voltage
d. Gate current vs. drain-source voltage
Ans: b. Drain current vs. drain-source voltage

569. Question: In which region of operation does a JFET act as a voltage-controlled

resistor?
a. Saturation
b. Cut-off
c. Active
d. Pinch-off
Ans: c. Active

570. Question: What is the purpose of biasing in JFET circuits?

a. To control the amplitude of the input signal
b. To set the operating point of the JFET
c. To prevent thermal runaway
d. To increase the transconductance of the JFET
Ans: b. To set the operating point of the JFET

571.Question: What does UPS stand for in the context of power supply systems?
a. Universal Power Source
b. Uninterruptible Power Supply
c. Unpredictable Power Surge
d. Unreliable Power Service
Ans: b. Uninterruptible Power Supply
144 | P a g e
 572. Question: Which component of a UPS system is responsible for converting DC power
to AC power during a power outage?
a. Battery
b. Rectifier
c. Inverter
d. Transformer
Ans: c. Inverter

573. Question: What is the primary purpose of a UPS?

a. To regulate voltage fluctuations
b. To generate electricity
c. To provide backup power during outages
d. To increase power efficiency
Ans: c.To provide backup power during outages

574. Question: What type of battery is commonly used in UPS systems?

a. Lead-acid
b. Alkaline
c. Lithium-ion
d. Nickel-metal hydride
Ans: a.Lead-acid

575. Question: Which factor determines the runtime of a UPS system during a power
outage?
a. Battery capacity
b. Inverter efficiency
c. Output voltage
d. Input frequency
Ans: a.Battery capacity

576. Question: In a UPS system, what does the transfer time refer to?
a. The time it takes to switch from utility power to battery power

145 | P a g e
b. The time it takes to charge the battery
c. The time it takes to replace the battery
d. The time it takes to turn on the inverter
Ans: a. The time it takes to switch from utility power to battery power

577. Question: Which UPS design provides the highest level of power protection?
a. Standby
b. Line-interactive
c. Online double-conversion
d. Offline
Ans: c.Online double-conversion

578. Question: What is the purpose of a UPS bypass switch?

a. To switch between AC and DC power sources
b. To bypass the battery during normal operation
c. To switch between utility power and battery power
d. To regulate the output voltage
Ans: b. To bypass the battery during normal operation

579. Question: Which type of UPS system continuously supplies power from the battery,
regardless of the input power quality?
a. Standby
b. Line-interactive
c. Online double-conversion
d. Offline
Ans: c. Online double-conversion
580. Question: What is the primary advantage of a standby UPS compared to other types?

a. Lower cost
b. Higher efficiency
c. Faster response time
d. Better voltage regulation
Ans: a.Lower cost

146 | P a g e
 581. Question: What is the main drawback of a standby UPS system?
a. Long transfer time
b. High cost
c. Limited battery life
d. Low efficiency
Ans: a.Long transfer time

582. Question: Which parameter does not affect the selection of UPS capacity for a specific
application?
a. Voltage
b. Frequency
c. Load power factor
d. Runtime requirement
Ans: a.Voltage

583. Question: Which UPS system topology provides the highest level of protection against
power disturbances?
a. Standby
b. Line-interactive
c. Online double-conversion
d. Offline
Ans: c. Online double-conversion14.

585. Question: What is the purpose of automatic voltage regulation (AVR) in a UPS
system?

147 | P a g e
a. To regulate the output voltage during normal operation
b. To regulate the input voltage during power fluctuations
c. To regulate the battery charging voltage
d. To regulate the output frequency
Ans: b.To regulate the input voltage during power fluctuations

586. Question: Which UPS system design is the most cost-effective for applications where
occasional power outages are acceptable?
a. Standby
b. Line-interactive
c. Online double-conversion
d. Offline
Ans: a. Standby

587. Question: Which UPS system design provides surge protection and voltage regulation
but does not provide battery backup?
a. Standby
b. Line-interactive
c. Online double-conversion
d. Offline
Ans: a.Standby

588. Question: What is the main advantage of an offline UPS system?

a. High efficiency
b. Low cost
c. Continuous battery backup
d. Greater scalability

148 | P a g e
 Ans: b.Low cost

589. Question: Which component of a UPS system is responsible for filtering out power
disturbances and noise?
a. Battery
b. Rectifier
c. Inverter
d. Surge suppressor
Ans: d.Surge suppressor

590. Question: What feature of a UPS system ensures seamless transition between utility
power and battery power?
a. Automatic voltage regulation
b. Surge protection
c. Transfer switch
d. Battery charger
Ans: c. Transfer switch

591. Question: What component of a UPS system is responsible for converting DC power
from the battery into AC power?
a. Rectifier
b. Inverter
c. Surge suppressor
d. Transfer switch
Ans: b.Inverter

149 | P a g e
 592. Question: Which UPS system design allows for the quickest transition time from utility
power to battery power?
a. Standby
b. Line-interactive
c. Online double-conversion
d. Offline
Ans: c.Online double-conversion

593. Question: What is the primary function of a UPS bypass switch?

a. To switch between AC and DC power sources
b. To bypass the battery during normal operation
c. To switch between utility power and battery power
d. To regulate the output voltage
Ans: b.To bypass the battery during normal operation

594. Question: Which type of battery is commonly used in UPS systems due to its reliability
and low cost?
a. Alkaline
b. Lead-acid
c. Lithium-ion
d. Nickel-metal hydride
Ans: b.Lead-acid

595. Question: In a UPS system, what is the primary purpose of automatic voltage
regulation (AVR)?
a. To regulate the output voltage during normal operation
b. To regulate the input voltage during power fluctuations

150 | P a g e
c. To regulate the battery charging voltage
d. To regulate the output frequency
Ans: b. To regulate the input voltage during power fluctuations

596. Question: Which UPS system design offers surge protection and voltage regulation but
does not provide battery backup?
a. Standby
b. Line-interactive
c. Online double-conversion
d. Offline
Ans: a.Standby

597. Question: What is the typical output waveform of an online double-conversion UPS
system?
a. Sine wave
b. Square wave
c. Modified sine wave
d. Sawtooth wave
Ans: a.Sine wave

598. Question: Which parameter primarily determines the runtime of a UPS system during
a power outage?
a. Battery capacity
b. Inverter efficiency
c. Output voltage
d. Input frequency
Ans: a. Battery capacity

151 | P a g e
 599. Question: What feature of a UPS system ensures a seamless transition between utility
power and battery power?
a. Automatic voltage regulation
b. Surge protection
c. Transfer switch
d. Battery charger
Ans: c. Transfer switch

600. Question: Which UPS system design is the most cost-effective for applications where
occasional power outages are acceptable?
a. Standby
b. Line-interactive
c. Online double-conversion
d. Offline
Ans: a. Standby

601.what is BJT full form?

a. binomial junction transistor

b.bipolar junction terminal
c. bipolar junction transistor
d.field effect transistor

Ans c. bipolar junction transistor

602.bipolar junction transistor takes place due to …………..

152 | P a g e
 a. electrons
b.holes
c. both[a][b]
d.none of this

Ans c. both[a][b]

603.what type of transistor is a BJT

a. bipolar
b.unipolar
c. field effect
d.junction

Ans a. bipolar

604.In a BJT which terminal is heavily doped

a. emitter
b.collector
c. base
d.substrate

Ans a. emitter

605.which of the following is not a type of BJT

a. NPN
b.PNP
c. JFET
d.Darlington

Ans c. JFET

606.what is the charge carriers’ majority carrier in the base region of a BJT

a. electrons
b.holes
c. protons
d.neutrons

153 | P a g e
Ans b. holes

607.Which is not a advantage of transistor?

a. Higher efficiency
b.Long life
c. Require filament power
d.operate at a low voltage

Ans c. Require filament power

608.The term "transistor" was defined as...

a. Transparant Resistor
b.Transfer & Resistor
c. Resistor & Transparant
d.all of above

Ans b. Transfer & Resistor

609.The two types of bipolar junction are

a.npp&ppn
b.pnn&nnp
c. npn&pnp
d.None of above

Ans c. npn&pnp

610. Vce in PNP transistor is.

a. + ve
b. neutral
c. -ve
d. All of above

Ans c. -ve

154 | P a g e
611. which stage is said to saturation region

a. One Junction in FB
b. One Junction in RB
c. both junction in RB
d. both junction in FB

Ans d. both junction in FB

612.BJT is used for....

a. Amplify voltage
b. Amplify both current and voltage
c. none of above
d. Amplify current

Ans d. Amplify current

613. The emitter of a transistor is_____ doped.

a. heavily
b. moderately
c. lightly
d. Saturation

Ans a. heavily

614.The ____ configuration is used as a preamplifier.

a. CB
b. СЕ
c. CC
d. EB

Ans b. СЕ

615. The input resistance of CC configuration is:

a. moderate

155 | P a g e
 b. Low
c. very high
d. very low

Ans c. very high

616.The transistor is operated as a closed switch in ____ region.

a. saturation
b. cut off
c. active
d. Lightly.

Ans a. saturation

617.Typically the value of βdc is _____.

a. a.50 to100
b. 500 to 1000
c. More then 500
d. More than 1000.

Ans a.50 to100

618. The circuit which magnifies a small input signal without changing its shape is called
as an _____.

a. linear amplifier
b. power amplifier
c. non-linear amplifier
d. an audio amplifier.

Ans a. linear amplifier

619.Transistor is the ______ device.

a. Current controlled
b. Voltage controlled

156 | P a g e
 c. Both (a) and (b)
d. Resistance

Ans a. Current controlled

620.FET is a ___ device.

a. Transistor
b. bipolar
c. unipolar
d. None of these

Ans c. unipolar

621. ___ is a bipolar device.

a. Transistor
b. Field effect transistor
c. None of these
d. Both (a)and (b)

Ans a. Transistor

622.The field effect transistor is a___ terminal device.

a. two
b. three
c. one
d. five

Ans b. three

623. ____terminal of an FET acts as a controlling terminal.

a. Drain(D)

157 | P a g e
 b. Source(S)
c. Gate(G)
d. All the above.

Ans c. Gate(G)

624._is advantage of FET.

a. a. It is reactively immune to radiation. .

b. FET has a low input resistance.
c. FET has a better terminal stability.
d. Both (a) and (c).

Ans d. Both (a) and (c).

625. What does BJT stand for in the context of transistors?

a. Bipolar Junction Transformer

b. Binary Junction Transducer
c. Bipolar Junction Transistor
d. Base Joint Transceiver

Ans c. Bipolar Junction Transistor

626.Which layers form the P-N-P structure in a BJT transistor?

a. N-P-N
b. P-N-P
c. N-N-P
d. P-P-N

Ans b. P-N-P

627.What are the three terminals of a BJT transistor?

a. Emitter, Base, Collector

b. Cathode, Anode, Gate
c. Source, Drain, Gate

158 | P a g e
 d. Collector, Emitter, Ground

Ans a. Emitter, Base, Collector

628. What is the primary function of the base terminal in a BJT transistor?

a. Emit electrons
b. Control the flow of current
c. Collect electrons
d. provide a physical supportIn

Ans b. Control the flow of current

629.which mode does a BJT transistor operate when the collector current is controlled by
the base current?

a. Cut-off
b. Active
c. Saturation
d. Reverse bias

Ans b. Active

630.What is the typical voltage drop across the base-emitter junction in a silicon-based BJT
transistor?

a. 0.1 V
b. 1.5 V
c. 0.6 V
d. 3.0 V

Ans c. 0.6 V

# Topic.2-- Zener diode #

159 | P a g e
631.what is the primary function of a Zener diode

a. rectification
b. voltage regulation
c. amplification
d. oscillation

Ans b. voltage regulation

632.In which region of operation does a Zener diode primarily operate

a. forward bias
b. cut -off
c. reverse bias
d. saturation

Ans c. reverse bias

633. which type of breakdown voltage of a Zener diode

a. forward voltage
b. threshold voltage
c. avalanche voltage
d. Zener voltage

Ans d. Zener voltage

634.which symbol of Zener diode

160 | P a g e
635.what is the typical voltage range for Zener diodes

a. 0.3 to 0.7
b. b.0.7 to 1.4
c. 2.4 to 3.3
d. 2.7 to 200v

Ans d. 2.7 to 200v

636.what is the typical symbol used to represent a Zener diode in a circuit

a. triangle
b. square
c. circle
d. Z-shaped symbol

Ans d. Z-shaped symbol

637. Which type of zener diode it is

a. Allow current
b. Not allow current
c. Allow voltage
d. Not allow voltage

Ans a. Allow current

638.Sharpness knee defined as

a. PN Junction
b. Zenor diode
c. Normal diode
d. None of above

Ans b. Zenor diode

161 | P a g e
639."Zenor diode" is a .......type of pn Junction

a. Normal
b. Poor
c. Rich
d. Special

Ans d. Special

640.In forward bias the zenor breakdown is connected of anode to.....

a. -ve
b. neutral
c. +ve
d. none of above

Ans c. +ve

641.In reverse bias the zenor breakdown is connected of cathode to.....

a. -ve
b. neutral
c. +ve
d. none of above

Ans a. -ve

642.Which type of conductor Zenor diode is

a. semi conductor
b. half conductor
c. circular conductor
d. full conductor

Ans a. semi conductor

643.The breakdown gives a sharp characteristics in the zener region.

162 | P a g e
 a. Zener
b. none
c. avalanche
d. both

Ans a. Zener

644.The voltage V₂ of a zener diode represents its ________________

a. supply voltage
b. forward voltage drop
c. breakdown voltage
d. Zener diode

Ans c. breakdown voltage

645.Avalanche breakdown is observed in the zener diodes having V₂ higher than____

Volts.

a. 5V
b. 100V
c. 8V
d. 10V

Ans c. 8V

646.Which of the following is zener diode application:

a. rectifier
b. voltage regulator
c. filter
d. PN junction

Ans b. voltage regulator

647.The output characteristics of an LED is a graph of __________.

a. applied voltage Vs output current

163 | P a g e
 b. light output Vs reverse current.
c. light output Vs forward current
d. applied voltage Vs forward current.

Ans c. light output Vs forward current

648.The is an example of optical source.

a. Photodiode
b. Zener diode
c. filter
d. LED

Ans d. LED

649. What is the primary function of a Zener diode?

a. Rectification
b. Signal amplification
c. Voltage regulation
d. Frequency modulation
Ans c. Voltage regulation

a. 650.In a Zener diode, what happens when the reverse bias voltage exceeds the Zener
breakdown voltage?
a. Forward current flows
b. Zener diode conducts in reverse
c. Voltage remains constant
d. Current decreases to zero
Ans b. Zener diode conducts in reverse

651.What is the symbol of a Zener diode in a circuit diagram?

a. ( \rightarrow )
b. ( \circlearrowright )
c. ( \leftrightarrow )
d. ( \Z )
Ans b. ( \circlearrowright )

164 | P a g e
652. Which characteristic of a Zener diode makes it suitable for voltage regulation?
a. High forward voltage
b. Zener breakdown voltage
c. Low reverse voltage
d. Variable capacitance
Ans b. Zener breakdown voltage

653. What is the typical voltage range for Zener diodes used in electronic circuits?
a. 0.1 - 0.5 V
b. 5 - 15 V
c. 1 - 5 V
d. 15 - 30 V
Ans b. 5 - 15 V

654.What happens if the Zener diode is operated below its Zener breakdown voltage?
a. It acts as an insulator
b. It behaves like a regular diode
c. It conducts in the reverse direction
d. It becomes a short circuit
Ans b. It behaves like a regular diode

655. Diode is also called as_____.

a. Schottky
b. Breakdown diode
c. Negative resistance diode
d. None of these
Ans b. Breakdown diode

656. In the "zener region", the zener current____.

a. Remains constant
b. (a) and (b)
c. Is zero
d. Changes depending on supply voltage
Ans d. Changes depending on supply voltage

657.The _____ breakdown gives a sharp characteristics in the zener region.

a. Zener
b. None
c. Avalanche
d. Both

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Ans a. Zener

658. Which of the following is zener diode application?

a. Rectifier
b. Voltage regulator
c. Filter
d. Transformer
Ans b. Voltage regulator

659. In the remote control the ___ LED is used.

a. I.R.
b. Conventional
c. Ultraviolet
d. Both (a) and (b)
Ans a. I.R.

660.The semiconductor material used for LED is ___.

a. Silicon
b. Gallium bromide
c. Germanium
d. Gallium arsenide.
Ans d. Gallium arsenide.

661.The symbol shown in figure is that of diode______

a. PN junction

b. Zenor Diode

c. LED

Ans. c. LED

662.The resistance R in figure is for_______

a. Limiting the reverse voltage

b. Limiting the reverse current

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 c. Limiting the forward current

Ans. c. Limiting the forward current

663.LED is basically a________

a. Point contact diode

b. Schottky diode

c.PN junction diode

Ans. c. PN junction diode

664. The semiconductor material used for LED is______

a. Silicon

b. Gallium Bromide

c. Gallium arsenide

Ans. c. Gallium arsenide

665.The LED is always operated in ________bias mode

a. Reverse

b. forward

Ans. b. forward

666.Spectral response of LED is a graph of_______

a. Forward voltage vs wavelength

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 b. Current vs Light output

c. light output vs Wavelength

Ans. c. light output vs Wavelength

667.The output characteristics of an LED is a graph of ________

a. Applied voltage vs output current

b. Light output vs forward current

c. Light output vs reverse current

Ans. b. Light output vs reverse current

668.The _____ is an example of optical source.

a. Photodiode

b. LED

c. Zenor Diode

Ans. b. LED

669.LED is______ terminal device.

a. Two

b. One

c. Three

Ans. a. Two

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670.On state voltage drop ranges between _____

a. 0.7

b. 0.3

c. 0.1

d. 1.2 to 2

Ans. d. 1.2 to 2

671.Reverse break down voltage of LED is____

a. high

b. medium

c. very low

Ans. c. very low

672.LED can emit ______when excited electricaly

a. light

b. heat

c. current

Ans. a. light

673. The light output has a linear relationship with the _______

a. Forward LED current

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 b. Reverse LED current

c. Forward LED voltage

Ans. a. Forward LED current

674.Alpha numeric displays are example of ______

a. Zenor Diode

b. LED

c. PN junction

Ans. b. LED

675.What does LED stand for?

a. Light Emitting Device

b. Light Emitting Diode

c. Luminescent Electronic Diode

d. Luminous Emission Detector

Ans. b. Light Emitting Diode

676.Which material is commonly used as the semiconductor in LEDs?

a. Silicon

b. Copper

c. Gallium Arsenide

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d. Iron

Ans. c. Gallium Arsenide

677.What color of light is emitted by a traditional red LED?

a. Blue

b. Green

c. Red

d. Yellow

Ans. C. Red

678.Which of the following statements about LEDs is true?

a. LEDs emit light when heated

b. LEDs consume a lot of energy

c. LEDs have a longer lifespan compared to incandescent bulbs

d. LEDs emit harmful UV radiation

Ans. C. LEDs have a longer lifespan compared to incandescent bulbs

679.What is the typical forward voltage drop across an LED?

a. 0.1V to 0.5V

b. 1V to 5V

c. 10V to 50V

d. 100V to 500V

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Ans. a. 0.1v to 0.5v

680.Which type of LED emits light in all directions?

a. Surface-mounted LED

b. High-power LED

c. Directional LED

d. Omni-directional LED

Ans. D. Omni-directional LED

681.What is the primary advantage of using LEDs over traditional incandescent bulbs?

a. Higher energy consumption

b. Lower initial cost

c. Longer lifespan

d. Higher heat emission

Ans. c. Longer lifespan

682.Which of the following statements about LED efficiency is true?

a. LEDs are less efficient than incandescent bulbs

b. LEDs convert most of the input energy into heat

c. LEDs are highly efficient in converting electrical energy into light energy

d. LEDs are only efficient at high temperatures

Ans.c. LEDs are highly efficient in converting electrical energy into light energy

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683.What is the function of the phosphor coating in white LEDs?

a. To increase energy consumption

b. To reduce light output

c. To change the color temperature

d. To increase heat emission

Ans. c. To change the color temperature

684.Which of the following colors has the highest energy per photon?

a. Red

b. Green

c. Blue

d. Yellow

Ans. c. Blue

685.Which type of material is used as a substrate for most LEDs?

a. Glass

b. Aluminum oxide

c. Silicon

d. Sapphire

Ans. d. Sapphire

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686.What is the typical lifespan of an LED, measured in hours?

a. 100 to 500 hours

b. 1,000 to 5,000 hours

c. 10,000 to 50,000 hours

d. 100,000 to 500,000 hours

Ans. c. 10,000 to 50,000 hours

687.Which of the following statements about LED dimming is true?

a. LED brightness cannot be adjusted

b. LED dimming can only be achieved with specialized equipment

c. LED dimming reduces energy efficiency

d. LED dimming can be achieved with compatible dimmer switches

Ans. d. LED dimming can be achieved with compatible dimmer switches

688.What is the main disadvantage of using LEDs in high-temperature environments?

a. Decreased efficiency

b. Increased lifespan

c. Increased brightness

d. Improved color rendering

Ans. a. Decreased efficiency

689.Which of the following statements about LED lighting is true?

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a. LED lighting is not suitable for indoor use

b. LED lighting does not emit any heat

c. LED lighting is more expensive upfront but cheaper in the long run

d. LED lighting does not require any

Ans .c. LED lighting is more expensive upfront but cheaper in the long run

690.what is application of LED?

a. opto couplers
b. voltage regulation
c. overload protection

Ans. a. opto couplers

691.BJT stands for __________

a. Bi-Junction Transfer
b. Blue Junction Transistor
c. Bipolar Junction Transistor
d. Base Junction Transistor

Ans.c.Bipolar Junction Transistor

692.The doped region in a transistor are ________

a. Emitter and Collector

b. Emitter and Base
c. Collector and Base
d. Emitter, Collector and Base

Ans.d.Emitter, Collector and Base

693.Which region of the transistor is highly doped?

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 a. Emitter
b. Base
c. Collector
d. Both Emitter and Collector

Ans.a.Emitter

694.Both the junctions in a transistor are forward biased.

a. True
b. False

Ans.b.False

695.Which junction is forward biased when transistor is used as an amplifier?

a. Emitter-Base
b. Emitter-Collector
c. Collector-Base
d. No junction is forward biased

Ans.a. Emitter-Base

696.A low input to the transistor gives __________

a. Low output
b. High Output
c. Normal Output
d. No Output

Ans.b. High Output

697.From the output characteristics of a transistor, one cannot calculate __________

a. IB
b. VBE
c. Ic

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 d. VCE

Ans .b.VBE

698.In the output characteristics, the resistance is the __________

a. Slope of the curve

b. Trace of the curve
c. Asymptote of the curve
d. Reciprocal of the slope of the curve

Ans.d. Reciprocal of the slope of the curve

699.The output in an oscillator is __________

a. Discontinuous
b. Oscillating
c. Self-sustained
d. Spiked

Ans.c. Self-sustained

700. A transistor has________

a. one pn junction
b. two pn junctions
c. three pn junctions
d. four pn junctions

Ans.b. two pn junctions

701.The number of depletion layers in a transistor is_________

a. four
b. three

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 c. one
d. two

Ans.d. two

702.The base of a transistor is_______doped

a. heavily
b. moderately
c. lightly
d. none of the above

Ans.c. lightly

703.The element that has the biggest size in a transistor is_______

a. collector
b. base
c. emitter
d. collector-base-junction

Ans.a. collector

704. In a pnp transistor, the current carriers are_____

a. acceptor ions
b. donor ions
c. free electrons
d. holes

Ans.d. holes

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705. The collector of a transistor is _______doped

a. heavily
b. moderately
c. lightly
d. none of the above

Ans.b. moderately

706.A_____configuration does not need the thermal stabilization.

a. CE
b. CB
c. c.CC

Ans.a. CE

707.For a CB configuration Ic=_____when the emitter is left open.

a. a.0
b. IB
c. ICBO

Ans.c. ICBO

708.Value of adc is ___

a. 1
b. less than 1
c. greater than 1

Ans.c. greater than 1

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709.Larger the thickness of base,______is the value of adc

a. smaller
b. larger
c. constant

Ans.a. smaller

710.The current gain of C.B configuration is____.

a. Bdc
b. ADC
c. Ydc

Ans.b .ADC

711.Current gain of transistor amplifier is lowest in____ configuration.

a. CE
b. CB
c. CC

Ans.b. CB

712.The current gain of_____amplifier is close to 1.

a. CE
b. CB
c. CC

Ans.b. CB

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713.The_____configuration is used as preamplifier.

a. CB
b. CE
c. CC

Ans.b. CE

714.In CE configuration with emitter open, the collector current is equal to____.

a. IB
b. ICEO
c. ICBO

Ans.c. ICBO

715.The B will increase if the thickness of base is____.

a. reduced
b. increased
c. kept constant

Ans.a. reduced

716.Typically the value of Bdc is____.

a. 50 to 100
b. 500 to 1000
c. more than 1000

Ans.a. 50 to 100

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717.The reverse saturation current of CE configuration ICEO is measured with ___ open.

a. emitter
b. collector
c. base

Ans.a. emitter

718.In a transistor circuit IE = 5 mA, IC= 4.95 mA and ICEO= 200 uA. Calculate Bdc

a. a .99
b. 9.9
c. 110

Ans.a. 99

719.In a normally biased n-p-n transistor the main current crossing the collector junction
is____

a. a .injection current
b. recombination current

Ans.a. injection current

720.ICBO flows due to……. carriers.

a. current
b. minority
c. majority

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Ans:b. minority

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