Faculty of Engineering and Technology

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering

Basic Electrical Engineering Lab (ENEE2101)

Report of Experiment 10

“Three Phase Circuits”

Prepared by:
Name: Yahya Hamed Number:1210983

Instructor: Dr. Jaser Sa’ed TA: Eng. Shadi Bannoura

Section: 1
Date: 31 /12 / 2023
Table of contents

1. Abstract.............................................................................................................................................

2. Theory...............................................................................................................................................

3. Procedure, Data, calculations, and analysis of results......................................................................

4. Conclusion........................................................................................................................................

5. References.........................................................................................................................................

Table of contents

1. Three phase voltage

2. Star and Delta connections
3. 3ph system
4. Y-Y system
5. Y-∆ system

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1. Abstract
The goal of this experiment to study the relationship between voltage and current in three phase
circuits, to learn how to make delta and wye connections and to calculate the power in three phase
circuits , Whrer three phase systems are usually connected by either a delta (Δ) or a wye (Y)
configuration. Each of these connections has defined electrical characteristics and the designations
delta and wye are derived from the method of connection.

2. Theory
The three-phase (3ph) system is generated by a special coil arrangement within the alternating
current generator (3ph synchronous generator) at the power plant. The generated waveforms, given
in figure 1, are shifted by 120 from each other’s.

Figure 1: three phase voltages

Two connection types are common for the coils of AC generators, the star connection, and the delta
connection, see figure 2. The phase (ph) and the line-to-line (L) relations in Star and Delta
connections (considering ABC sequence) are given in Table 1.

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Figure 2: Star and Delta connections
Tabel 1:
Star (Y) connection Delta connection
𝑽𝐿 = √3𝑽𝑝ℎ ∠30 𝑽𝐿 = 𝑽𝑝ℎ
𝑰𝐿 = 𝑰𝑝ℎ 𝑰𝐿 = √3𝑰𝑝ℎ ∠ − 30

THREE-PHASE POWER:
-The power in a three-phase system is given by:
𝑃3𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒 = 𝑃𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒1 + 𝑃𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒2 + 𝑃𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒3
- There are two ways to compute the real power in a balanced three phase system:
1) If line values of voltage and current are known, the consumed real (active) power in a purely
resistive load can be computed using the formula:
𝑃3𝑝ℎ = √3 𝑉𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑒𝐼𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑒

2) If the phase values of voltage and current are known, the consumed real (active) power in a purely
resistive load can be computed using the formula:
𝑃3𝑝ℎ = 3 𝑉𝑃ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒𝐼𝑃ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒

The first formula is used more often because it is generally more convenient to obtain line values of
voltage and current, which can be measured with a voltmeter and ammeter.

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3. Procedure, Data, calculations, and analysis of results
Part A): Source

Figure 3:3ph system

The circuit was connected on pespice as shown in the schematic below:

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Transient analysis were done on the schematic shown the output voltage (V).The result shown in
figure below, the cursor was used to make the voltage and time.

The results values of | T |, |∆t | , |L |and |f | were recorded in Table 2:

Tabel 2:

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 Time-period T 20ms
Time shift between the two waveforms ∆t 6.6ms
Phase shifting angle 119
Source frequency 50

The sequence (abc or acb) was recorded in Table 3:

Table 3:
Sequence abc or acb? L3 leads L2
L1 leads L2

The circuit was connected on pespice as shown in the schematic below:

Transient analysis were done on the schematic shown the output voltage (V).The result shown in
figure below, the cursor was used to make the voltage and time.

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The results values were recorded in Table 4:

Tabel 4:

𝑽𝐿1,𝑁 = 7 𝑽𝐿1,𝐿2 =12.124

𝑽𝐿2,𝑁 =7 𝑽𝐿2,𝐿3 =12.124
𝑽𝐿3,𝑁 =7 𝑽𝐿3,𝐿1 =12.124
Calculate the linkage factor defined as 𝑽𝐿,𝐿/𝑽𝐿,𝑁 = 12.124/7=1.73
Calculate the peak value of 𝑽𝐿,𝑁 = √2 *7= 9.9
Calculate the peak value of 𝑽𝐿,𝐿 =√2 *12.124= 17.14

The circuit was connected on pespice as shown in the schematic below:

Transient analysis were done on the schematic shown the output voltage (V). The result shown in
figure below, the cursor was used to make the voltage and time.

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The relation between line-to-line voltage 𝑽𝐿1,𝐿2 with phase value 𝑽𝐿1,N Calculation:-
∆t= 5ms-3.3ms=1.7ms
L=∆t*f*360=30.6
Part B): Star-Star system (balanced and unbalanced load):
The circuits were connected on pespice as shown in the schematic figure in the table below:
Balance Unbalance

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Transient analysis were done on the schematic shown the output voltage and current (V,I) for the
balance, respectively . The result shown in figures below, the cursors were used to make the voltage
and current.

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Transient analysis were done on the schematic shown the output voltage and current (V,I) for the
unbalance, respectively . The result shown in figures below, the cursors were used to make the
voltage and current.

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 Figure 4:Y-Y system

The results values were recorded in Table 5:

Tabel 5:

Y-Y connection Balanced Load Unbalanced Load

Resistor R1 1 kΩ 1 kΩ
R2 1 kΩ 680Ω
R3 1 kΩ 330Ω
Phase Currents IL1 7mA 7mA
IL2 7mA 10.3mA
IL3 7mA 21.2mA
IN 0 12.9mA
Line Voltages VL1,L2 12.124V 12.124V
VL2,L3 12.124V 12.124V
VL3,L1 12.124V 12.124V
Phase Voltages VL1,N 7V 7V
VL2,N 7V 7V
VL3,N 7V 7V
Phase Power PR1=Vp*I 49mW 49mW
p
PR2=Vp*I 49mW 72mW
p
PR3=Vp*I 49mW 0.14W

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 p
Total Power P3ph 147mW 0.261W

Part C): Star-Delta system (balanced and unbalanced load)

The circuits were connected on pespice as shown in the schematic figure in the table below:
balance unbalance

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Transient analysis were done on the schematic shown the output voltage and current (V,I) for the
balance, respectively . The result shown in figures below, the cursors were used to make the voltage
and current.

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Transient analysis were done on the schematic shown the output voltage and current (V,I) for the
unbalance, respectively . The result shown in figures below, the cursors were used to make the
voltage and current.

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Figure 5:Y-∆ system

The results values were recorded in Table 6:

Tabel 6:

Y-∆ Connection Balanced Load Unbalanced Load

Resistor R1 1 kΩ 1 kΩ
R2 1 kΩ 680Ω
R3 1 kΩ 330Ω
Line Currents IL1 21mA 44mA
IL2 21mA 26.1mA
IL3 21mA 48.2 mA
Phase Currents IR1 12.124mA 12.124mA
IR2 12.124mA 17.8mA
IR3 12.124mA 36.7mA
Line Voltages VL1,L2 12.124V 12.124V
=phase voltages VL2,L3 12.124V 12.124V
VL3,L1 12.124V 12.124V
Phase Power PR1=Vp*Ip 0.14W 0.14W
PR2=Vp*Ip 0.14W 0.215W
PR3=Vp*Ip 0.14W 0.44W
Total Power P3ph 0.42W 0.8W

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4. Conclusion
In the conclusion, this experiment showed that numerous elements, including current and
resistance, had an impact on electrical power, power grows as current and resistance
increases. And the relation between line voltage and phase voltage are proportionate.
In Y-∆ Connection the voltage line is equal voltage phase but the current is different opposite
of the Y-Y Connection.

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5. References
[1] Electrical and computer engineering department, circuit lab manual, 2023, pp. 93-97.
[2] https://www.coursehero.com/file/35313602/LAB4pdf/

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