Chapter 1 Being IT safe – taking care of IT things (2)

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Questions and answers 1

Matching questions
Match each name to its correct image.
1 Display       2 Power cord       3 VGA       4 USB

d b c a

True or false questions

1 There can be as many as six audio ports on a computer. True
2 The ethernet port is also known as a telephone port. False
3 The Thunderbolt port is a USB port. False
4 You should not spray water directly onto a computer screen while cleaning it. True
5 You should not use compressed air to clean your computer ports. False
6 You should shut down your computer using the shutdown button in your computer’s
operating system. True

Short-answer questions
1 List three common types of computer cable.

Three common types are video, USB and Ethernet.

2 Explain why it is necessary to use cable ties to keep your cables and cords organised.

Use cable ties to organise cords and cables, as jumbled cords can be easily
damaged if they are twisted or tugged.

3 Explain how to shut down a computer correctly.

Shut down your computer correctly by using the shutdown button of your
operating system. (Do not hold down the power button unless there’s an
emergency such as when your computer is frozen.)

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Chapter 1 Being IT safe – taking care of IT things (2)

4 Explain why it is important to safely disconnect a USB flash drive from a computer.

It is important to safely disconnect a USB flash drive from a computer, to ensure

that the action being performed by the computer is stopped before the USB device
is removed. If the flash drive is not stopped before it is disconnected, the data on it
can become corrupted.

5 You are told that your computer has two USB 2.0 ports and a USB 3.0 port. Explain the difference
between the two ports.

The USB 2.0 port, which is usually black, and the USB 3.0 port, which is usually
blue, are both USB type A ports. The main difference between the two is the speed
at which the transfer of data takes place. The USB 3.0 transfers data at a faster
speed than the USB 2.0.

6 What do the following acronyms stand for?

a HDMI
b DVI
c VGA
d USB

a HDMI – high-definition multimedia interface

b DVI – digital video interface
c VGA – video graphics array
d USB – universal serial bus

Project
1 Create a poster to illustrate how to care for and maintain a peripheral device of your choice.
2 Create a picture chart to show at least six (6) examples of cables and matching ports.
1 Students' posters will vary in style and choice of peripheral device. Check that
no copying has been done. Also check that the illustration and notes explain
clearly how to care for and maintain the peripheral device.
2 Students' picture charts will vary. Check that the chart shows six clear
examples of cables and matching ports.

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Chapter 1 Being IT safe – taking care of IT things (2)

Crossword
1 2
C T
4 3
P O W E R C O R D D H

L I U
6
H D M I S N

B P D
5
O U L E
7
C O M P R E S S E D A I R

T B Y B

I O

N L
9 8
V G A E T H E R N E T

Across
4 This supplies electrical power to your computer
6 This video port comes in three sizes: standard, mini and micro
7 This is used to clean debris out of a keyboard
8 The name given to the port that connects a computer to the network or internet
9 A video port found on older computer systems that attaches the monitor or screen to the
computer’s video card
Down
1 The name given to shutting down the computer while holding down the power button
2 A type of USB port that has a lightning bolt symbol
3 This video port is the latest development in video ports
5 A type of port that most peripherals use to connect to your computer

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Chapter 1 Being IT safe – taking care of IT things (2)

STEM project
Jody is a civil engineer and takes her company-issued laptop computer to worksites on a daily basis.
Her laptop sometimes falls, gets wet or is exposed to dust and different chemicals. After only six
months, she notices that some ports on the laptop and keys on the keyboard no longer work. Her
company’s IT Department is issuing her a new laptop, but it also plans to send along ‘worksite-
friendly’ guidelines to Jody and other field employees with precautions that they must follow in the
future to care for their laptops. You and your classmates have been asked to help the IT Department
write these guidelines and advise on the most suitable and user-friendly presentation format for this
particular type of work situation.
1 Which possible aspects of caring for her laptop computer could Jody have been careless about?
List all aspects that you and your classmates can think of.
2 Decide on the content and format of the guidelines. What process did you and your classmates
follow to decide on the content and format? Write a brief outline of this process.
3 Put the guidelines together and present to a form or grade doing CSEC IT.
4 What feedback did you get? From the feedback, are there any improvements you can make?

Hints
1 Revise all that you have learnt about the proper care of a computer.
2 What durable, portable material can be used to put the guidelines on?
3 A checklist at the end of your guidelines can be useful.

Students' advice on presentation formats for this STEM project will vary.
Remind them to read the hints provided before starting the project.

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Chapter 2 Input devices

Questions and answers 2

Copy and fill in the blanks questions

1 
All the input, output and storage devices connected to and dependent on a computer for
operation are called peripherals .
2 Input devices are pieces of equipment that are used to put data into the computer.
3 The first stage of getting data into a computer is known as data capture .
4 Entering data directly into the computer one transaction at a time by hand is known as
manual data input.
5 The process of entering data directly into the computer from source documents is known as
automatic data capture .
6 Documents on which data is first recorded before it is entered into the computer are known as
source documents.
7 The concept keyboard contains a flatbed of contact switches covered by a flexible membrane.
8 An ergonomic keyboard is designed for comfort and usability.
9 A barcode is a set of vertical lines of differing thickness with a string of numbers printed at
the bottom.
10  Pointing devices are used by graphical operating systems to enable the control and
selection of objects on the display.

True or false questions

1 Input devices are pieces of equipment that are used to put data into the computer. True
2 Data can only be entered manually into a computer. False
3 Source documents are documents that are output by the computer. False
4 A joystick can be used mainly for computer games such as flight simulators. True
5 Drawings and sketches can be easily entered onto the computer using the digitising tablet.
True
6 An OCR reader can only read typed documents. False
7 A stylus is a pen-like pointing device for a graphics or digitising tablet. True
8 OMR readers are used mainly in assessing multiple-choice examinations or questionnaires
given out by market researchers. True
9 A sound card is used to digitise sound information into a form that the computer can
understand. True
10 Passwords and personal identification numbers are more reliable than biometric systems for
maintaining security. False

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Chapter 2 Input devices

Multiple-choice questions
1 
Which of the following is NOT an alphanumeric keyboard?
a QWERTY b Gaming
c Concept
d Ergonomic
2 Which of the following is NOT an example of a pointing device?
a Touchscreen b Trackball
c Touchpad
d Pointing stick
3 Which of the following is used in banks to read cheques?
a OMR b OCR
c MICR d Barcodes
4 Which of the following can be used in a library to hold information about books?
a OMR b OCR
c MICR d Barcodes
5 Natural gestures and facial movements are used in:
a voice input. b touch input.
c motion input. d OCR.
6 One device that reads data directly from the source is a:
a keyboard. b barcode reader.
c touch screen. d light pen.
7 A document on which data is first recorded before it is entered into the computer is known as a:
a primary document. b secondary document.
c source document. d main document.
8 All of the following are special-function keyboards except for the:
a QWERTY keyboard. b Braille keyboard.
c eye-controlled keyboard. d concept keyboard.
9 Which of the following is an input device that is used mainly for computer games such as
flight simulators?
a Joystick b Keyboard
c Mouse
d Stylus

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Chapter 2 Input devices

10 Which of the following input devices is used to translate drawings, photos and even text into
digital form?
a MICR
b OCR
c Scanner d OMR

Short-answer questions
1 a Why do computers need input devices?
b Give three examples of manual input devices.

a A computer needs various input, output and storage devices so that it can
accept data, process that data and produce useful output.
b Examples of manual input devices: keyboards, touchscreens, voice input,
pointing devices, scanning devices. (Any three)

2 Explain the following terms:

a Peripherals
b Data capture
c Source document

a All the input, output and storage devices that are connected to and dependent
on a computer for operation are called peripherals.
b Data capture is the first stage of entering data into a computer.
c Source documents are documents on which data is first recorded before it is
entered into the computer.

3 a Give two examples of applications in which data is captured directly from the source.
b Explain what happens to the data after it is captured at the source.

a Two examples of applications in which data is captured directly from the

source:
• MICR – to read bank cheques
• OMR – to mark multiple-choice exams.
b Data entered from source documents is transferred directly from the document
into the computer’s memory.

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Chapter 2 Input devices

4 State which type of keyboard may be used by the following individuals:

a A person who is blind
b A person who is not be able to use their hands or feet
c A cashier at a restaurant
d A person playing computer games

a Braille keyboard
b Eye-controlled keyboard
c Concept keyboard
d Gaming keyboard

5 For each of the following devices, give an application for where it can be used.

Device Application

Plotter Used to draw high-quality and high-resolution graphics,

charts, graphs, maps and vectors or coordinate graphics onto
large sheets of paper

Biometric system Used to identify a person based on their individual body

characteristics; the features that can be measured include
face, fingerprints, hand geometry (the pattern of lines on
your hand), iris, retina, vein and voice

Audio input device • Voice recognition system (with the use of a microphone)
accepts the spoken word as input data or commands
• Sound capture devices; all modern computers have
a built-in microphone to capture sound by recording
your voice, for example, to make comments that
are embedded in a word-processing document; the
computer must have a sound card to record voice or
music; the sound card digitises the sound information
into a form that the computer can understand
• MIDI port (musical instrument digital interface) for
inputting sound into a computer, which can be stored
and manipulated

Smart card Used as the main way for making payments these days

Game controller A motion-sensing device; used to translate a player’s natural

gestures, facial movements and full-body motion into input

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6 a Use the information in the table to match the number of the device with the letter for the
task that the device performs.
b For each device give an example of where it can be used.

Input device Function

1 Scanner a A board that can detect the position of a pointing
device, such as a stylus, on its surface
2 Digitising tablet b A device that can read codes with name and price
information
3 OMR reader c A device used mainly in the banking industry to read
data on cheques
4 MICR reader d A device that can translate drawings, photos and even
text into digital form
5 OCR technology e A device that detects the position of dark patches on a
sheet of paper
6 Barcode reader f Software that scans documents containing texts and
converts them into documents that can be easily edited,
stored or searched

a 1d   2a   3e   4c   5f   6b
b 1 – Scanner: used for drawings, photos and text. (Any one)
2 – Digitising table: used to enter drawings and sketches into a computer.
3–O
 MR reader: used for assessing the answers given to questions in multiple-
choice examinations or questionnaires and electronic lotteries to select
numbers. (Any one)
4 – MICR reader: used mainly in the banking industry to read data on cheques.
5 – OCR reader: used, for example, in post offices to sort letters.
6 – Barcode reader: used to read prices in supermarkets.

7 a Explain what a pointing device is in terms of computers.

b Give an example of a pointing device.
c Which type of operating system allows for the use of pointing devices?
d Name three input devices that can be used to point on the computer screen, and explain
why different pointing devices are needed.

a A pointing device is used to show the motion of a pointer or cursor, and to

enable the user to control and select objects on the display.
b Example of a pointing device: mouse (optical, trackball, pointing, touchpad,
eye-controlled), joystick, digitising (or graphic) tablet, stylus, puck, touch-
sensitive screen, light pen. (Any one)
c Operating system that allows for the use of pointing devices: Windows.

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d Three input devices used for pointing on the computer screen and why:
• Light pen – allows you to point and make selections more accurately on
a screen.
• Touch-sensitive screens (pressure sensitive, capacitive surface, light beam)
– let you interact with the computer by touching the screen (your finger is
the pointing device).
• Joystick – lets you control the movement of an object on the screen by
operating a small lever; used mainly for computer games such as flight
simulators.
• Digitising tablet – is used for entering drawings and sketches onto a
computer.
• Mouse – is a pointing device that a user operates by moving over a flat
surface. This movement is mirrored by a pointer on the monitor screen.
On the top of the mouse are two buttons that allow you to make selections
on your screen, move objects around the screen, and paint or draw.
(Any three)

8 a Give three examples of different types of mouse and the purpose of each one.
b Explain the differences in the way that each mouse operates.

a Mouse examples:
• optical mouse – often preferred for speed and accuracy
• trackball mouse – for use on a flat surface or mousepad
• pointing mouse – found on laptop computers; pushing on it moves the
pointing stick on the screen
• touchpad mouse – built-in on a laptop; it is touch-sensitive
• eye-controlled mouse – for users with disabilities.
(Any three)
b The way that each mouse operates:
• The optical mouse can slide over most surfaces as it does not have a ball.
It emits a small beam of red light that bounces off the surface into a sensor.
The sensor sends coordinates to the computer, which in turn moves the
cursor or pointer on the monitor screen, according to these coordinates.
A mouse can be wired (attached to the computer by a USB cable) or
wireless (connected by radio-frequency (RF) technology).
• The trackball mouse has a large ball on top rather than underneath, which
you roll with the palm of your hand or fingers. This type of mouse is not as
precise as a regular mouse for some actions, but people who suffer from
repetitive strain injuries may find them more comfortable to use.
• The pointing stick mouse is found on laptop computers and looks like a
pencil eraser. It protrudes from the keyboard between the B, G and H keys.
Pushing on the pointing stick with your finger moves the pointer around
the screen. Once again, buttons placed close by allow you to select features
on the screen.

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Chapter 2 Input devices

• The touchpad mouse contains a touch-sensitive pad and is usually found

on laptops. The pad is a pressure- and motion-sensitive flat surface of
about 5 cm × 5 cm, over which you move your fingers to control the cursor
or pointer on the screen. Buttons placed close to this surface allow you to
select features on the screen.
• The eye-controlled mouse allows users with disabilities to use computers
through eye movements. The user wears glasses or special equipment to
carry out a command. The user looks at an icon and blinks once to select
the command.

9 Use an example to explain how each of the following devices is used:

a Joystick
b Digitising tablet
c Touch-sensitive screen
d Light pen

a Joystick – is a device that lets you control the movement of an object on the
screen by operating a small lever. This device is used mainly for computer
games such as flight simulators.
b Digitising tablet – is a board that can detect the position of a pointing device,
such as a stylus or a puck, on its surface. A stylus is a pen-like pointing device
for a graphics or digitising tablet. A puck is a mouse-like device that is moved
over the surface of the tablet. It has cross-hairs to position it accurately and
a number of buttons for different actions. You can easily enter drawings and
sketches onto the computer using a digitising tablet.
c Touch-sensitive screen – lets you interact with the computer by touching the
screen. The pointing device in this instance is your finger.
d Light pen – is shaped like a pen and is connected to a VDU or monitor. It
allows you to point and make selections more accurately on a screen. The tip of
the light pen contains a light-sensitive element that, when placed against the
screen, detects the light from the screen and enables the computer to identify
the location of the pen. Making selections with a light pen on a touch-sensitive
screen is far more accurate than using your finger. Light pens also allow the
user to draw directly onto the screen. However, they are not as accurate as a
digitising tablet and drawing can become uncomfortable.

10 Explain the differences between the following:

a A plotter and a printer
b OMR and OCR
c A flatbed scanner and a drum scanner

a Plotter: A peripheral printing device used to draw high-quality and high-

resolution graphics, charts, graphs, maps and vectors or coordinate graphics
onto large sheets of paper. Plotters are slow but they can draw continuous lines
and often in a variety of colours. They are useful for producing architectural

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Chapter 2 Input devices

drawings, building plans (blueprints), maps and CAD (computer-aided design)

drawings, where accuracy is required.
Printer: Used to present and store all kinds of information on paper, such as
letters, legal documents, scientific data, graphs, photographs and advertising
material. There are no limits to the amount and type of information that can be
printed onto paper, as you can see from the paper-based material around you,
in your classroom or in your home. There are many different kinds of printers,
which vary in speed and print quality, depending on the print output required.
b OMR: An optical mark recognition reader detects the position of dark patches
on a sheet of paper. The documents to be read have empty boxes pre-printed
on them. The user makes pencil or ink marks in the appropriate boxes. The
intensity of the reflected light from these marks on the form is detected by the
OMR reader. This is sometimes called mark sensing. The computer records
the positions of the marks and analyses them to determine the meaning of the
data. OMR readers are used mainly in assessing multiple-choice examinations
or questionnaires given out by market researchers. Another huge application of
OMR is in electronic lotteries, where participants can quickly and easily mark
their selection of numbers on a machine readable ticket.
OCR: Optical character recognition technology is software that scans
documents containing texts and converts them into documents that can be
easily edited, stored or searched. This text can be typed or handwritten or
taken from a scanned document, image, graphic or even a photo. An OCR
reader has an optical scanner for reading text. A photoelectric device shines
a light on the characters, which allows the reader to detect their shapes by
sensing the patterns of reflected light. The reader looks at each pattern, for
example, a letter such as ‘R’, individually. Sophisticated software allows the
reader to compare each pattern with a set of stored patterns until the closest
match is found. This match is translated into electronic text in the computer, so
it can be manipulated by the user. Post offices use OCR readers to sort letters.
c Flatbed scanner: The picture is placed on a flat scanning surface and the
image is captured, to how a photocopying machine works. Household versions
of flatbed scanners are inexpensive, costing less than 100 United States (US)
dollars.
Drum scanner: These are normally used in the publishing industry (books
and magazines) to capture images with high detail. These scanners tend to be
expensive, costing perhaps thousands of US dollars.

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Chapter 2 Input devices

Research questions
1 Do research on the internet and then answer these questions.
a  Define ‘motion input’.
b Name three disciplines in which motion input can be used.
c  Explain the purpose for which motion sensing is used in one of the disciplines that you
named in (b).
2 You are the manager for a new supermarket in your neighbourhood that services several people
with disabilities. You have decided to hire a disabled person who is differently abled to assist
with clerical work. Using your choice of disability that the person may have, give an example
of the office job that you can hire this individual to perform, and the device or devices that you
may need to obtain to allow the individual to perform the job correctly.
Students' internet research will vary. Here are some example answers:
1 a  Motion input is when a motion-sensing input device is used to play
computer games. For example, a joystick enables the user to control and
select objects on the display/it lets the user control the movement of an
object on the screen by operating a small lever. Joysticks are used mainly
for computer games such as flight simulators.
Or: Motion input is when motion-sensing devices such as game
controllers communicate with a game console or personal computer.
The console or computer translates a player’s natural gestures, facial
movements and full-body motion into input.
b Three disciplines in which motion input can be used: gaming, flight
simulation and the medical field.
c Motion-sensing devices are used:
• in the US military for flight simulation and weapon usage exercises
• in the medical field, which also uses motion input for training.
For example, doctors can practise new technologies in a simulated
environment.
(Any one)
2 Students should be able to find all the information that they need for their
choice of employee and the device or devices that might need to be obtained
to allow the individual to perform the job correctly. Here are some examples.
• Special-function keyboards may be used, such as:
– The Braille keyboard has its keys marked with raised dots to help
users who are blind. Users can type and enter text or instructions for
the computer by feeling the Braille symbols on the keys.
– The eye-controlled keyboard has been designed mainly for people
with physical disabilities and lets a user enter information by focusing
their eyes on individual keys on the keyboard displayed on the screen,
so that letters, numbers, symbols and function keys are all accessible.
• The eye-controlled mouse allows users with disabilities to use computers
through eye movements. The user wears glasses or special equipment to
carry out a command. The user looks at an icon and blinks once to select
the command.
• Voice response systems (VRSs) and speech-generating devices (SGDs) are
used by people with speech disabilities to produce verbal speech in order
to communicate. They can be used to dictate documents by speaking;
perform tasks in response to voice commands.

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Chapter 2 Input devices

Crossword
1
M I C R
2 3
D O O
4
B I O M E T R I C S

G R I
5
I S O U R C E

T N
6
I B
7
S C A N N E R S

I R

N C

G O

Down
1 A type of sensing device that can translate a player’s natural gestures and facial movement
into input
2 A tablet that enables you to enter drawings and sketches into a computer
3 A device used mainly for assessing the answers given to questions in multiple-choice
examinations
6 A set of thick and thin lines in columns, with a string of numbers printed along the bottom
Across
1 A device used mainly in the banking industry to read data on cheques
4 The automatic identification of a person based on their individual body characteristics
5 The documents on which data is first recorded
7 Devices that use laser beams and reflected light to translate drawings, photos and text into
digital form

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Chapter 2 Input devices

STEM project
Virtual Mags, a small tyre sales and services company, is moving from a paper-based accounting
system to a computer-based system. The company has been in operation for the past ten years and
has accumulated a large amount of paper and many receipts. The data entry clerk employed to help
with the computerising is worried, as she is only knowledgeable about two types of devices that
can be used to enter data: a keyboard and a mouse. Her concern is that if she only uses these two
methods, completing this task will be nearly impossible. What help can be given to the data entry
clerk? Your teacher will divide you into two groups. Each group will present the options for data
entry to the other group for review.
1 Clearly state the problem in this situation.
2 Produce a complete list of all methods of data entry and the available devices that can be used.
How did you approach getting the information for this list?
3 Prepare your advice for the data entry clerk on the best option that will allow her to finish the
task on time. Give reasons for your advice. How will you present your advice to the clerk?
4 How did the other group respond to the advice you gave the data entry clerk? Based on their
response, describe how you can improve your advice.

Hints
1 Where do you plan to get your information on available input devices, for example, from
computer shops, businesses, online research, and so on?
2 What may be limiting factors in these scenarios?

Students' options for data entry for this STEM project will vary.
Remind them to read the hints provided before starting the project.

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Chapter 3 Output devices

Questions and answers 3

Copy and fill in the blanks questions

1 Output devices are used to get information or any other response out of a computer.
2 Output that cannot be read by humans it is said to be machine readable.
3 Softcopy output or temporary output refers to information displayed on a screen.
4 Hardcopy output or permanent output refers to output printed onto paper.
5 A pixel is the smallest unit on the screen that can be turned on and off or coloured in
different shades.
6 Resolution is the clarity or sharpness of an image when displayed on the screen.
7 A plotter is a peripheral used to draw high-quality, high resolution graphics, charts, graphs,
maps and vectors or coordinate graphics on large sheets of paper.
8 A 3D printer is a device that creates a physical object from a digital model by layering
materials such as metal alloys, polymers, plastics, or even food ingredients.
9 A touch-sensitive screen is a visual display screen that lets the user interact with the
computer by touching the screen.
10 A device that combines a pair of earphones and a microphone is known as a headset .

True or false questions

1 Output stored on a storage device is an example of machine-readable output. True
2 A barcode is an example of human-readable output. False
3 Information displayed on a screen or in audio or voice form through speakers is referred to as
hardcopy output. False
4 The more pixels there are on a screen, the higher the resolution. True
5 VRS systems can operate standard household activities, such as turning lights and fans on and
off, or closing and opening a garage door. True
6 One of the most common types of impact printer is the dot matrix printer. True
7 A laser printer is an example of a line printer. False
8 Laser printers can be used by businesses to print multi-part forms. False
9 Non-impact printers are faster, quieter and produce better quality print than impact printers.
True
10 Laser printers use similar principles to photocopying for printing. True

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Chapter 3 Output devices

Multiple-choice questions
1 Which of the following is an example of human readable output?
a Barcodes b Output on a computer screen
c Output stored on a storage device d Magnetic ink characters
2 Which of the following software applications may require a screen with high resolution?
a Word processor b Gaming software
c Spreadsheet
d Database
3 Which of the following printers would allow a user to print a multi-part form?
a A laser printer b A thermal printer
c A dot matrix printer d An inkjet printer
4 Which of the following printers is an impact printer?
a A laser printer b A thermal printer
c A dot matrix printer d An inkjet printer
5 Which of these printers has the fastest printing speed?
a A laser printer b A thermal printer
c A dot matrix printer d An inkjet printer
6 Plotters are useful for producing:
a charts. b maps.
c building plans. d all of the above.
7 Which of the following performs both input and output functions?
a A headset b A multimedia projector
c A speech-generating device d A 3D printer
8 All of the following are examples of impact printers, except for the:
a dot matrix printer. b inkjet printer.
c chain printer. d band printer.
9 Which of the following might an architectural firm purchase to print architectural drawings of
building plans?
a A laser printer b An inkjet printer
c A line printer d A plotter

10 All of the following are characteristics of a laser printer, except:

a fast printing speed. b operates quietly.

c high-quality printing. d printing multi-part forms.

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Chapter 3 Output devices

Short-answer questions
1 Use examples to explain the difference between the following:
a Machine readable and human readable
b Softcopy and hardcopy

a Machine readable example is a barcode; human readable example is a printed

document.
b Softcopy example is the display on a screen; hardcopy example is a printed
document.

2 Three terms associated with the quality of an image are ‘pixel’, ‘resolution’ and ‘graphics card’.
a Define the term ‘pixel’.
b Explain the term ‘resolution’.
c Give two examples of applications that might require high resolution.
d Explain the function of a graphics card.

a A pixel (short for picture element) is the smallest unit on the screen that can be
turned on and off or coloured in different shades.
b The resolution is the clarity or sharpness of an image when displayed on the
screen.
c Two examples of applications that might require high resolution are a video
graphics card and CAD.
d A graphics card displays graphical data with high clarity, colour, definition and
overall appearance.

3 A voice-response system (VRS) is an interface that responds to voice commands.

a Explain how a VRS works.
b Give one example of an application of a VRS in the home.
c Give an example of how a disabled person may use a VRS system.
d Explain the difference between a VRS and a speech-generating device (SGD).

a Explanation of how a VRS works: The system selects from a set of digitised
pre-recorded words, phrases, music, alarms or other sounds stored on hard
disk. The system combines these pre-recorded words into responses based on
selections made by the user. For example, many phone banking systems use
voice response systems. As a caller selects options on their telephone keypad,
this information is sent to the bank computer, which then outputs voice
information to the caller.
b Example of an application of a VRS in the home: for turning lights and fans on
and off.

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Chapter 3 Output devices

c Example of how a disabled person may use a voice response system (VRS):
People with visual or other physical impairments, who may be unable to use a
mouse or keyboard, can use a VRS to give the computer instructions to carry
out various tasks.
d VRS: performs tasks in response to voice commands.
Speech-generating device (SGD): is used by people with speech disabilities to
produce verbal speech in order to communicate.

4 Column A in the table below lists various devices, while Column B lists different tasks. Match
each device with the task that best suits it. Write only the number and the letter each time in
your notebook, (for example, 6f).

Column A: Device Column B: Task

1 3D printer a Used for playing computer games
2 Touch-sensitive screens b Operate standard household activities, such as
turning lights and fans on and off
3 Joystick c Creates a physical object from a digital model by
layering materials such as metal alloys, polymers,
plastics, or even food ingredients
4 Speech-generating device d Used as an interface to carry out transactions
in an automatic teller machine (ATM)
5 Voice response system e Used to help individuals with severe speech
impairments or other issues that result in a
difficulty in communicating

1c   2d   3a   4e   5b

5 Column A in the table below lists various devices, while Column B lists individuals who may
use the device. Match each device with the most appropriate individual who may use the
device. Write only the number and the letter each time in your notebook, (for example, 6f).

Column A: Device Column B: Individual who may use the

device
1 Touchscreen a Teacher
2 Joystick b Architect
3 MICR c Cashier at a restaurant
4 Plotter d Banker
5 Multimedia projector e Gamer

1c   2e   3d   4b   5a

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Chapter 3 Output devices

6 a Explain the differences between impact and non-impact printers.

b Give an example of an impact printer and a non-impact printer.

a Impact printer: produces its output when the print head, which contains a
number of metal hammers, strike an inked ribbon placed between the print
head and the paper. These hammers may contain complete characters or they
may contain ‘dots’ that are used to build up a character.
Non-impact printer: is faster, quieter and produce better quality print than
impact printers. Characters and images are formed without the printing
mechanism making any direct physical contact with the paper.
b Impact printer example: dot matrix printer.
Non-impact printer example: inkjet, laser or thermal.

7 Copy and complete the table below. For each printer, state its approximate printing speed and
give an example of an application where it can be used.

Name of printer Speed Application

Dot matrix 144 dots per inch Invoices
Line printer 3 000 lines per minute Multi-part forms
Laser printer 70 pages per minute Documents produced by large
companies and institutions
Inkjet printer 22 and 50 pages per minute Text and graphics
8 a Explain how a thermal printer works.
b Give two examples of where a thermal printer may be used.

a Thermal printers, like dot matrix printers, have a print head that is made up
of pins arranged in a matrix. These pins are heated electrically and burn the
characters onto heat-sensitive paper.
b A thermal printer may be used in cash registers and barcode systems.

9 A plotter is an output device.

a Define the term ‘plotter’.
b List three types of plotters.
c Give two examples of applications that use plotters.

a A plotter is a peripheral printing device used to draw high-quality and high-

resolution graphics, charts, graphs, maps and vectors or coordinate graphics
onto large sheets of paper.
b Three types of plotters: pen plotter, inkjet plotter, electrostatic plotter.
c Two examples of applications that use plotters: CAD applications and
blueprint applications.

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Chapter 3 Output devices

10 a What is a multimedia projector?

b Explain how a multimedia projector may be used for a business presentation.

a A multimedia projector is a visual output device used to create and deliver

dynamic multimedia presentations (presentations in which sound, photos,
video, text and other moving graphics may be combined to create interesting
effects).
b How a multimedia projector may be used for a business presentation:
In a marketing meeting, a presenter could alternate seamlessly between
spreadsheets, animated advertisement content and live feeds from social
media sites.

Research questions
1 You are about to open a large hardware store. You visited a hardware store to observe the
operations and discuss the day-to-day operations of the business with the manager. You
observed that when a customer makes a purchase, a three-layered receipt is generated: one
sheet for the customer, one sheet for the cashier and one sheet for the stores department.
Discussions with the manager of the store showed that he has to prepare high-quality
documents to send to different companies and government offices. The manager said that they
use different types of printers for the different tasks, but was unable to give further details.
a Conduct research to determine which two types of printers would satisfy the requirements
of the business.
b Explain your choice of printers in question (a).
c Create a table to show the type of printers required for each activity outlined above, and list
three brand names for each of the two types of printer required.
d For each printer, state the approximate cost, printing speed, manufacturer and model.
2 A home for people with disabilities has approached you to recommend the type of output
devices that differently-abled people can use to help them to lead more productive lives. You
are required to conduct research, and then to copy and complete this table for at least two
disabilities.
Name of device Supplier/Brand Type of How is it used Approximate
disability cost

Students' research will vary. Check that their information is sensible and would be
helpful.

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Chapter 3 Output devices

Crossword
1
S G D
2 3
I N K J E T O

M H F

P E T
4 5
A H A R D C O P Y

C M O L

T A P O
6
P I X E L Y T

T
7
L A S E R

Down
1 Output that is temporary and disappears when the computer is switched off
2 A printer that produces output when the print head, which contains a number of metal
hammers, strikes an inked ribbon placed between the print head and the paper
3 A type of printer used in cash registers, barcode systems, label makers and calculators
5 A specialised output device designed to produce high-quality graphics in a variety of colours
Across
1 An electronic output device that is used to help individuals with severe speech impairments
2 A type of printer that produces output by spraying small, electrically charged droplets of ink
from four nozzles through holes in a matrix, at high speed onto paper
4 Output that is permanent and usually printed
6 The smallest unit on the screen that can be turned on or off or coloured in different shades
7 A type of printer that uses similar principles to photocopying for printing

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Chapter 3 Output devices

STEM project
The Ministry of Social and Citizens Care (MSCC) in your country is offering to purchase IT support
equipment to the value of US$2 500 for community centres, to help them with the delivery of
services to their respective local communities. However, the equipment must be purchased from
local suppliers. All community centres have computers and speakers, but no other IT equipment.
Your community centre manager is preparing a proposal to access the funding and has asked your
class to prepare the section on the IT equipment needed. Your teacher can play the role of the
community centre manager.
1 What format do you plan to use for preparing the section on IT equipment? Give two reasons for
selecting this format.
2 Which key steps will you take to access the information needed to prepare your section of the
proposal on the IT equipment needed?
3 Prepare your presentation and present it to the community centre manager.
4 After delivering your presentation and receiving feedback, describe the improvements that you
can make to your section of the proposal.

Hints
1 What information should a proposal for funding contain?
2 What are the main activities at your community centre? Which IT equipment would be
most useful to support these activities?
3 List all the relevant IT devices and write short descriptions of each one. Visit nearby
computer shops to get information on prices and availability.

Students' role plays for this STEM project will vary.

Remind them to read the hints provided before starting the project.

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Chapter 4 Primary and secondary storage

Questions and answers 4

Copy and fill in the blanks questions

1 Random access memory is another name for primary storage, which is also called main
memory or immediate access store (IMAS).
2 The central processing unit can only act on data and instructions that are held in primary
storage.
3 A memory chip is an integrated circuit (IC) made up of millions of transistors
and capacitors.
4 RAM is immediately available to the processor and holds data and instructions (programs)
temporarily, while processing takes place.
5 ROM chips hold the data and instructions necessary for starting up the computer when it is
switched on.
6 Instructions that are fixed at the time of manufacture on a ROM chip are sometimes described
as being hard-wired .
7 Secondary storage, which is also called auxiliary or backup storage, is used to store data and
instructions when they are not being processed.
8 Magnetic disks are one of the most widely used forms of secondary storage for computers.
9 Direct access means that you can go directly to a specific piece of data without having to
access any other data either before or after the data you want.
10 Solid-state devices read and write data electronically, instead of magnetically.
11 Cloud storage is a service for maintaining, managing and backing up data remotely on
the internet.
12 Sequential access refers to the accessing of data in the order in which it was stored.

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Chapter 4 Primary and secondary storage

True or false questions

1 All computers need to store and retrieve data for processing. True
2 A magnetic disk is an example of primary storage. False
3 Main memory is made of RAM and ROM chips. True
4 RAM memory is volatile. True
5 RAM memory is only filled after a computer has been turned on and is given something to do.
True
6 RAM chips are cheap and have unlimited storage capacity. False
7 ROM chips hold the data and instructions necessary to start up the computer. True
8 ROM chips are non-volatile. True
9 A CD-ROM holds more information than a DVD. False
10 Cloud storage allows users to store data online, so that they can access them from any location
via the internet. True

Multiple-choice questions
1 Primary storage is also referred to as:
a backup storage.
b secondary storage.
c auxiliary storage.
d immediate access store.
2 Primary storage holds:
a the programs needed to start up the computer.
b the software applications not being processed.
c data and instructions temporarily, while processing takes place.
d none of the above.
3 RAM is volatile, which means:
a that the data and instructions held in RAM are permanent.
b that if the computer is rebooted, all the data and instructions held in RAM are lost.
c that RAM holds data that can be quickly accessed by the control unit.
d all of the above.

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Chapter 4 Primary and secondary storage

Short-answer questions
1 Use examples to explain the differences between primary storage and secondary storage.

Examples: primary storage – ROM and RAM; secondary storage – flash drive,
hard drive.

2 Explain why a computer needs both RAM and ROM memory.

A computer needs RAM to hold files and programs for the CPU temporarily.
A computer needs ROM to hold instructions to start up the computer.

3 Use examples to explain the difference between direct access and sequential access.

Direct access means that you can go directly to a specific piece of data without
having to access any other data either before or after the data you want.
Sequential access means that data is accessed in the order in which it was stored.

4 Magnetic tapes are still being used by many companies to store data and information.
a Explain how data and information are stored on a magnetic tape.
b Give two reasons why a company may choose to use magnetic tapes instead of magnetic disks.

a A magnetic tape is a ribbon of plastic material coated with a metal oxide film
on which data is recorded as magnetised or unmagnetised spots. The magnetic
orientations (locations) of the magnetised and unmagnetised spots are
represented by the binary digits 0 and 1.
b Two reasons why a company may choose to use magnetic tapes instead of
magnetic disks: Magnetic tapes are erasable, reusable and durable, and are
made to store large quantities of data cheaply. Magnetic disks cost more and
do not last as long.

5 Cloud storage has become a popular method of storage.

a Explain the term ‘cloud storage’.
b List two advantages of cloud storage.
c List two disadvantages of cloud storage.
d Name two companies that provide cloud storage services.

a Cloud storage is a service for maintaining, managing and backing up data

remotely on the internet.
b Two advantages of cloud storage: Users can access and share stored files from
anywhere using an internet connection. Cloud data storage can be used as an
offsite backup, as it is not affected by events and disasters such as theft, floods
and fires.
c Two disadvantages of cloud storage: Cloud storage is much slower than local
backups. You need an internet connection to access the cloud storage. If you
have no internet connection, you have no access to your data.
d Two companies that provide cloud storage services: Google Drive™ and Sky Drive.

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Chapter 4 Primary and secondary storage

Research questions
1 a List three companies located anywhere in the world that use magnetic tapes to store their
backup data.
b Give examples of the type of data and information that these companies store.
c Give reasons why these companies continue to use magnetic tapes instead of other storage
methods.
2 Different devices can be used for secondary storage. Copy the table below into your notebook.
Name three products in each category that are currently being sold and fill in the other data.
Storage media Name of the device Storage Average cost Application (where
(brand name) capacity per MB it can be used)
Magnetic tape

Magnetic disk

Flash memory

3 List five major companies that are currently providing cloud storage services. For each company,
give the approximate cost of providing the service.

Students' research and answers will vary. Offer guidance to students who may have
difficulties in finding information.

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Chapter 4 Primary and secondary storage

Crossword
1
S
2
E P
3
R C R
4 5 6
C L O U D O P T I C A L

M I N M
7
R S D A
8
S E Q U E N T I A L R

C O R Y
9
B I T R Y
10
R A M

E
Down
1 A type of storage device that stores data and instructions permanently to be used when
required
2 Memory that consists of RAM and ROM
3 A chip that is non-volatile
5 A type of access where you can go directly to a specific piece of data without having to access
any other data
7 Refers to the media and devices used to keep data and instructions for immediate or later use
Across
4 A type of online storage
6 A type of disk that is read by laser lights
8 A type of access where data is accessed in the order in which it was stored
9 The smallest unit of storage
10 This holds processed data waiting to be output or stored in a secondary storage device

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Chapter 4 Primary and secondary storage

STEM project
A large multinational company has sold a franchise to a small Caribbean entrepreneur as part of
a market trial of café outlets selling cold and hot non-milk beverages. The parent company stores
its training modules, accounting templates and weekly market updates in cloud storage. You have
been hired by the entrepreneur to advise on the best information storage methods for his start-up
franchise, taking into account the area’s irregular internet service, as well as his desire to eventually
expand his number of outlets.
1 Write a precise statement of what you have to do for the Caribbean entrepreneur.
2 Write brief notes on each step you plan to take in order to prepare your advisory document.
You should have at least three steps.
3 Prepare an advisory document for the entrepreneur. Ask a classmate to review your document.
4 Based on your classmate’s evaluation, briefly describe how you can improve your document.

Hints
1 What is a franchise? How does it work?
2 Revise the types of storage devices.
3 Compare the advantages and disadvantages of the entrepreneur using cloud storage.

Students' advisory documents for this STEM project will vary. Before the evaluation
of classmate's documents takes place, remind all students to be fair and give
constructive feedback, rather than simply criticise.
Remind students to read the hints provided before starting the project.

Interact with Information Technology 2 29

Chapter 5 Data storage and representation

Questions and answers 5

Copy and fill in the blanks questions

1 A bit is the smallest unit of storage in a computer.
2 
The amount of data and instructions that can be stored in the memory of a computer or
secondary storage medium is measured in gigabytes .
3 A character can be a letter, a number, a symbol, a punctuation mark or a blank space.

True or false questions

1 A single bit can represent one of two values, 0 and 1. True
2 A byte is made up of a combination of four bits. False
3 The base 10 number system is used to represent data and instructions in digital computers.
False
4 012 + 112 = 1002 True
5 910 converted to binary is equal to 10012. True

Multiple-choice questions
1 A byte consists of:
a 4 bits. b 6 bits.
c 8 bits. d 10 bits.
2 A group of 2 bits can represent:
a 2 values. b 3 values.
c 4 values. d 8 values.
3 One megabyte is equivalent to:
a 1 000 bytes. b 1 000 kilobytes.
c 1 000 gigabytes. d 1 000 terabytes.
4 The binary number 10112 converted to base 10 equals:
a 9.
b 10.
c 11. d 12.

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Chapter 5 Data storage and representation

5 When the decimal number 15 is converted to binary, the answer is:

a 1101.
b 0111.
c 1110. d 1111.
6 0112 + 0102 is equal to:
a 1012. b 1102.
c 0112.
d 1112.
7 Subtract 102 from 112. The result is:
a 002. b 012.
c 102.
d 112.

Short-answer questions
1 a How many bit patterns can be represented by 3 bits?
b Write out the bit patterns that can be represented by 3 bits.

a The number of bit patterns that 3 bits can represent is 8.

b The 8 bit patterns are:
000 001 010 011
100 101 110 111

2 Convert the following binary numbers to decimal (base 10) numbers:

a 1100
b 1001
c 1111

a 12
b 9
c 15

3 Convert the following decimal numbers to binary:

a 25
b 205
c 255

a 110012
b 1100 11012
c 1111 11112

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Chapter 5 Data storage and representation

4 Add the following binary numbers together:

a 10112 + 00112
b 11012 + 01112
c 10112 + 010112

a 11102
b 101002
c 101102

5 Perform the following binary subtractions:

a 1002 – 0112
b 1012 – 0112
c 1102 – 1012

a 012
b 102
c 012

Research questions
Do research on the internet and then answer these questions. Write the answers in your notebook.
1 What type of code is used to represent all the characters on a typical keyboard?
2 How are the characters represented?
3 How does a computer add two binary numbers?

Students research and answers will vary.

1 Through their research, students should find information about the standard
code ASCII (American Standard for Computer Information Interchange).
2 Students' research should lead them to binary sequences/binary code.
3 Students should be able to find links and videos about how a computer adds
binary numbers; many are available on the internet.

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Chapter 5 Data storage and representation

Crossword
1
B Y T E
2
W I

O S
3
C H A R A C T E R

D A
4
B I T
5
D E C I M A L

E
Down
1 A device that can be set to one of two states at any one point in time
2 The amount of bits a computer can process in one operation
Across
1 A combination of eight bits that has the storage power to represent one character
3 The general term for a letter, a number, a symbol, a punctuation mark or a blank space
4 The smallest unit of storage
5 A type of number that can be converted to binary by dividing the number by 2 and recording
the remainder until the quotient is zero, and then writing out the remainders starting from the
last remainder to the first

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Chapter 5 Data storage and representation

STEM project
You have applied for the post of programmer’s calculator for a high-tech computer firm. In the
interview, you are asked to complete the table below to assess your readiness. You must deliver a
presentation to the interview panel showing the completed table and explaining your workings.
You have 15 minutes to complete the table, and prepare and deliver your presentation. You have
a choice of the following equipment and materials for your presentation: a whiteboard, whiteboard
markers, a computer, a printer, a slide projector, transparencies and permanent markers.

Binary Decimal Hex Octal BCD Sign and Two’s

magnitude complement
(–)001001 BAC
1010 1000
1110 1011

1 Copy and complete the table. Make a note of all your workings to use in your presentation.
2 What is the most logical process to explain your workings? Write a brief outline of this process.
3 Prepare your presentation. Which equipment and material did you select and why did you select
them?
4 Once you and a classmate have completed the table and prepared your presentation, swap and
review each other’s work.
5 Did you both complete the table correctly? What feedback did you get on your presentation?
From this feedback, describe the improvements that you can make to your presentation.

Hints
1 Review the conversion methods in the chapter before attempting this project.
2 Select the best equipment and materials to do an effective presentation.

Students' presentations for this STEM project will vary. Point out that all students,
when reviewing each other's work, should remember to give constructive feedback
rather than simply criticise.
Remind students to read the hints provided before starting the project.

Interact with Information Technology 2 34

Chapter 6 Operating system (1)

Questions and answers 6

Copy and fill in the blanks questions

1 
The general name given to all the programs that computers use to perform different tasks is
software .
2 Application software are programs developed to carry out specific tasks or solve
particular problems.
3 An integrated software package is a set of related programs combined in a unified package
that allows data to be transferred easily between the programs.
4 Software written for a specific task instead of a broad application area is called
specialised software .
5 General purpose software that is modified to meet the needs of an individual or organisation is
called customised software.
6 Macros are short programs written to automate several steps in software such as databases,
spreadsheets and word processors.
7 An operating system is a set of programs that governs the operation of a computer.
8 The term booting refers to the process of loading operating system software into a
computer’s main memory from disk.
9 A system that lets several users with online terminals interact with the same computer at the
same time is called a multi-access system.

True or false questions

1 An electronic encyclopaedia is an example of integrated software. True
2 A payroll program that deals with all aspects of a company’s payroll is an example of specialised
software. True
3 Custom-written software is written to meet the specific needs of a company. True
4 System software enables the running of application software and the management of the
system resources. True
5 Firmware consists of RAM chips. False
6 The operating system remains in main memory until you turn the computer off. True
7 The operating system maintains security of a computer system. True
8 A command-driven interface allows you to use either a mouse or cursor-movement (arrow keys)
to make a selection from a menu. True

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Chapter 6 Operating system (1)

Multiple-choice questions
1 Which is an example of application software?
a Language translator b Operating system
c Spreadsheet software d Utility program
2 Which is an example of system software?
a Word-processing software b Device drivers
c Entertainment software d Simulation software
3 Premier Programming is a software development company that writes programs that perform
specific tasks. Which of the following software is most likely to be written by this company?
a General-purpose software b Integrated software
c Customised software d Custom-written software
4 Johnny wrote some macros to automate certain tasks in the accounting package to better meet
the needs of his company. The software package can be referred to as:
a general-purpose software. b integrated software.
c customised software. d custom-written software.

Short-answer questions
1 Use examples to explain the difference between application software and system software.

An application software example is a spreadsheet program. Application software

consists of programs developed to carry out specific tasks or solve particular
problems.
A system software example is an operating system. System software is software
that manages and supports the resources and operations of a computer system.

2 State the name of an operating system that can be used with each of the devices in the table.

Device Operating system

a Desktop PC i Windows 10
b Smartphone ii IOS
c Laptop iii Apple/Mac OSX

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Chapter 6 Operating system (1)

3 a Define the term ‘operating system’.

b Give two functions of the operating system.

a An operating system (OS) is a set of programs that governs the operation of a
computer.
b Two functions of the operating system:
• It manages all software and peripheral hardware.
• It accesses the central processing unit (CPU).

4 Name one example of operating system software used by personal computers.

Example of OS software used by personal computers: Windows 10

5 A command user interface requires you to enter a command by typing in codes or words.
a Name two other types of user interface.
b Explain how each of the named user interfaces in (a) functions.

a Two other types of user interface: Menu Driven and GUI (Graphical User
Interface).
b How each user interface in (a) functions:
Menu-Driven interface: lists menu choices that a user can select to move from

one place to another within a website or software program.
 raphical User Interface: This user interface allows you to use graphics
G
(images), menus and keystrokes to choose commands, start programs, see lists
of files and other options.

6 The ABC Bauxite company has bought a software package containing several applications to
be used for different tasks within the company.
a State the name of the type of package bought by the company.
b Name an example of this type of package.
c Give two advantages and one disadvantage of using this type of software.

a Type of package bought by the company: integrated software.

b Example of integrated software: Microsoft Office.
c Two advantages of using integrated software:
• It takes up less disk space than individual applications.
• It allows you to move much faster from one application to the next.
A disadvantage is that not all the features of single applications are included.

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Chapter 6 Operating system (1)

7 The following is a list of software used in computers:

i Microsoft Office
ii Windows 10
iii Utilities software
Use the list above to identify each of the following:
a An example of system software
b An operating system.
c General purpose software
d An example of integrated software

a ii or iii
b ii
c i
d i

8 a Explain the difference between custom-written software and customised software.

b Explain why it may be necessary for a company to customise certain types of software.
c Give an example of a software that can be customised.

a Custom-written software is created to meet the specific needs of a company.

Customised software can be customised to better meet the needs of an
individual or organisation.
b Macros can be written to automate several steps in software, such as
databases, spreadsheets and word processors, that often need to be performed
in a company.
c Example of a software that can be customised: CANVAS learning management.

9 State the name of the type of software that can perform each of the tasks listed below:
a Back-up data files and software
b Translate programs written in a particular programming language into another
programming language
c Contains a number of applications that is packaged as a single software package
d Control work-related machinery in a factory
e Book flights (used by airline companies)

a Utilities
b Translators
c Integrated software
d Operating system (OS)
e Specialised software

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Chapter 6 Operating system (1)

10 The operating system performs many functions in a computer. Use examples to explain how the
operating system carries out the following functions:
a Manages computer resources
b Manages files and memory
c Maintains security

a To manage computer resources, Excel directs the operating system to select a
printer (if there is more than one) to print the document. The operating system
then notifies the computer to begin sending data and instructions to the
appropriate program to print the document.
b To manage files and memory; when you open a file saved to your hard drive,
you are first instructing the computer to find that file, and then open it.
c To maintain security, the operating system also keeps a log of which users
logged in, how long each user stayed on the system, and what they did.

11 Explain the difference between multitasking and multiprocessing.

Multitasking is the computer’s apparent ability to run two or more programs using
one processor.
Multiprocessing is the computer’s ability to use more than one processor to run on
two or more programs at the same time.

Research questions
1 Copy the table below into your notebook. Then do research on the internet and complete the
table by adding the names of two types of operating systems for each category.

Category Example of operating system by category

Desktop
Server
Mobile
2 Copy the table below into your notebook. Then do research on the internet and complete the
table by filling in the most suitable current operating system.

Device Operating system

Apple® iMac® desktop computer
iPhone® Smartphone
A named mainframe computer
A named supercomputer

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Chapter 6 Operating system (1)

3 Do research on the internet and then answer these questions in your notebook.
a Name the operating system running on your cell phone or computer.
b What are some reasons you may need to know the version of operating system that your
computer is running?
c What might happen if you attempt to install a program or app that is not designed for your
operating system?

Students' research and answers will vary. Check that all students are developing
good research skills in order to be able to answer the questions. Guide students
who may be having difficulties.

Interact with Information Technology 2 40

Chapter 6 Operating system (1)

Crossword
1
M

L
2
S T

P I
3
S Y S T E M P

C R
4
P L U G I N S O

A C

L E
5 6
I C O N S
7
M A C R O S L S

E E I

D N

G
Down
1 Refers to a computer system’s ability to support more than one process (program) at the same
time using multiple processors
2 Software that is written for a specific task rather than for a broad application area
6 Allows the transfer and sharing of information between applications
Across
3 Software that manages and supports the resources and operations of a computer system
4 Blocks of code that add features to the overall package
5 Small pictorial figures that represent programs, folders, files, tasks, procedures, and so on
7 Short programs written to automate several steps in software such as databases, spreadsheets
and word processors.

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Chapter 6 Operating system (1)

STEM project
You are the substitute teacher for a group of Grade 9 (Form 3) information Technology students.
They have started the topic ‘Software’, but some students are finding it difficult to understand how
to differentiate between the two main types of software, and to explain the types of application
software. You decide to create a computer walk-through presentation for your class. Your
presentation will explain the two main types of software and help the students to differentiate
between the types of application software. In the previous class, a student mentioned having viruses
on her computer. Explain which functions of the operating system help to prevent computer viruses.
1 Write a clear and comprehensive name for your presentation.
2 Write brief notes on each step you plan to take in order to prepare your presentation. You should
have at least three steps.
3 Write down the steps in your presentation. Do a practice run-through of your presentation for a
group of classmates and obtain their feedback
4 From the feedback you received, describe how you can make your presentation more useful.

Hints
1 Revise the chapter and list the types of systems you must have in your presentation.
2 Think of strategies, such as acronyms or rhymes, to help you remember what the
presentation has explained.

Students' research, answers and presentations will vary for this STEM project.
Remind them to read the hints provided before they start.

Interact with Information Technology 2 42

Chapter 7 Data communications, networks and the internet (2)

Questions and answers 7

Copy and fill in the blanks questions

1 Data communication can be broadly described as the process by which information is
transmitted or exchanged.
2 Bandwidth determines the volume of data that can be transmitted in a given time.
3 A broadband channel can transmit large volumes of data at a rate of over 45 Mbps.
4 You can send data or receive data, but not both when you use a half duplex line.
5 A network domain runs the networking software that allows resources to be shared with
the other computers on the network.
6 The networking hardware device that allows a WiFi device to connect to a wired network is
a wireless access point .
7 An internet protocol is a set of rules that defines how computers interact or communicate
with each other.
8 When using a search engine to conduct a search on the WWW, search terms placed within
double quotes or parentheses are treated as a single unit.

True or false questions

1 A narrow band channel can transmit data at the rate of up to 64 Kbps. False
2 Wireless communication uses radio frequency transmissions to transmit data. True
3 A switch increases the overall performance of the devices on the network. True
4 A router is an interface that enables communication between two networks. True
5 A WLAN can only be wireless. False
6 Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) is the standard protocol for sending emails across the
internet. True
7 A mail client receives incoming messages and delivers outgoing messages. True

Interact with Information Technology 2 43

Chapter 7 Data communications, networks and the internet (2)

Multiple-choice questions
1 
Which of the following allows data to flow in both directions simultaneously?
a Full duplex b Half duplex
c Simplex d None of the above
2 Which of the following is a benefit of a LAN?
a Hardware such as printers can be shared.
b Storage facilities can be shared.
c Software and data files can be shared by many users
d All of the above.
3 In a cabled LAN, which of these cables provides the fastest transmission speed?
a Unshielded twisted pair cable b Shielded twisted pair cable
c Coaxial cable d Fibre optic cable
4 A network that involves a computer, smartphone, printer and other device set up for personal
use is called a:
a MAN. b PAN.
c LAN. d WAN.

Short-answer questions
1 a Define the term ‘data communication’.
b Explain the term ‘bandwidth’.
c Give the speed and an application for each of the three bandwidth channels available.

a 
Data communication refers to the transmission of data from one location to
another for direct use or for further processing.
b Bandwidth is a measure of the amount of data a communication channel can
transmit at a point in time.
c Narrow-band channel: 10 and 30 bits per second – a telegraph system.
Voice-band channel: up to 64 Kbps – a telephone line.
Broadband channel: over 45.48 Mbps – internet.

Interact with Information Technology 2 44

Chapter 7 Data communications, networks and the internet (2)

2 a Explain the term ‘wireless LAN (WLAN)’.

b State two advantages and two disadvantages of using a WLAN.
c What devices are necessary to create a WLAN?

a LAN = Local Area Network; W(LAN) = Wireless(Local Area Network)

b Two advantages:
• It has the same features that are available in a wired LAN.
• It provides more flexibility for obtaining information.
Two disadvantages:
• It transmits data more slowly than a wired LAN.
• Interference from other users or devices using the same 2.4 GHz band can
cause data corruption.
c Devices necessary to create a WLAN: access points and NICs with radio
transmitters and receivers.

3 Explain the purpose of the following devices in a WLAN:

a Access point
b Switch
c Router

a An access point is the networking hardware device that allows a WiFi device
to connect to a wired network.
b A switch is a device that connects multiple devices on the same network to
facilitate communication among the devices.
c A router acts as an interface between two networks.

Interact with Information Technology 2 45

Chapter 7 Data communications, networks and the internet (2)

Research questions
You are an intern at a local manufacturing company that has patents for several products.
The company wants to set up a WLAN, but some people have raised concerns about the use of a
WLAN. The manager has asked you to answer some of the concerns raised.
1 Which hardware is required for a WLAN?
2 Would thick walls in the building affect the network? If yes, how can it be resolved?
3 What security concerns exist for a WLAN? What steps can be taken to protect the network?
4 Is a wireless network a health hazard?
5 What advantages does a wireless network have over a wired network for a company?

Students' research should lead them to varying but similar answers. Check that all
students are able to find information using their research skills. Plenty is available
regarding these questions. Guide any students who may be having difficulties.

Interact with Information Technology 2 46

Chapter 7 Data communications, networks and the internet (2)

Crossword
1
B

A
2
S N
3
W I F I D

M W
4
S M T P I
5
L R D
6
B L U E T O O T H

X U H

R
Down
1 Determines the volume of data that can be transmitted in a given time
2 A transmission line that permits data to flow in only one direction
5 Acts as an interface between networks
Across
3 The most popular means of communicating data wirelessly
4 A protocol for sending email messages over the internet
6 Allows any sort of electronic equipment to automatically make their own connections without
cables or any direct action from a user

Interact with Information Technology 2 47

Chapter 7 Data communications, networks and the internet (2)

STEM project
Revon is a new employee at VideoCel Inc. – a start-up communications company in a small
Caribbean country. His daily duties include monitoring the company’s network and data
communication channels to ensure that they are working smoothly. Revon left university many
years ago and that was the last time he interacted with these topics. He is currently doing a
refresher course via the internet. What advice can you give to Revon, to help him do his job
correctly?
Your teacher will divide the class into an even number of groups. Each group must do the activity
separately, and then your teacher will place the groups in pairs to present to each other.
1 What are the three most important problems Revon is likely to experience? What are your
reasons for selecting these problems?
2 Write short revision notes on the relevant topics to guide Revon and prevent him from
experiencing the problems that you identified.
3 Present your notes to your partner group and record the feedback you receive.
4 What improvements can you make to your analysis of the problems and corresponding notes?

Hints
1 Do research at a local communications company to find out the main skills of the current
staff.
2 List all the possible problems that a new staff member at a communications company
could face. Then arrange these problems in order of the job.

Students' analyses of the problems for this STEM project will vary.
Remind them to read the hints provided before starting.

Interact with Information Technology 2 48

 Chapter 8 Multimedia (PowerPoint)
transitions and animations
transitions and animations tr

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119 119

Interact with Information Technology 2 49

1510473973_Interact_with IT_2_BP_SIP.indb
9781510473973_Interact_with 119
IT_2_BP_SIP.indb 119 9781510473973_Interact_with IT_2_BP_SIP.indb 119 2019/09/11
9781510473973_Interact_with IT_2_BP_SIP.indb 14:21
119 2019/09/11 1
Chapter 8 Multimedia (PowerPoint)

Multiple-choice questions
Choose the best option for each question.
1 
Which one of the following is not a means of delivering a presentation using PowerPoint?
a Slide show on a PC b Printed handout
c Digital projection d Handwritten notes
2 Which of the following are start-up options?
a Open an existing presentation b Open a blank presentation
c Design Template d All of the above.
3 Which one is not a pane in the Normal view?
a Outline pane b Slide Development pane
c Slide Show pane d Notes pane
4 Moving slides can take place in:
a Normal view. b Slide Sorter view.
c Outline view. d all of the above.
5 To animate an object, you must choose:
a Slide Show from the File tab.
b Animation Effects from the Insert tab.
c Custom Animation from the Slide Show tab.
d Animation from the Animations tab.
6 Which of the following is a special effect?
a Fly in b Notes
c Frame d Outline

Interact with Information Technology 2 50

Chapter 8 Multimedia (PowerPoint)

Short-answer questions
1 What is a placeholder? Explain its use in PowerPoint.

PowerPoint uses the information within placeholders to help you to know where
you are within your presentation document. The titles, as well as text in these
placeholders, appear in the Outline pane of the Normal view.

2 List three situations in which PowerPoint presentation software can be used.

Three situations in which PowerPoint presentation software can be used:

• to show presentations at a business convention
• in a classroom
• to view an emailed presentation.

3 What is a thumbnail?
A thumbnail is a miniature image of a graphic, document or slide.

4 Explain how sound can enhance your presentation.

Sound can hold the viewer’s attention, set a mood, create a dramatic effect, draw
attention to detail and link or smooth out changes between slides or scenes.
You can add sound from a file, CD or your own recording to objects, transitions or
animations within your presentation.

Interact with Information Technology 2 51

Chapter 8 Multimedia (PowerPoint)

Crossword
1
T
R
A
2
S N
3
S L I D E S O R T E R
I I
4
D T P
E I L
5
S O P A N E S
H N C
6 7
O D E S I G N T E M P L A T E
W H N
O I
L M
8
D R E A D I N G
E T
R I
S O
N
Across
3 A view that shows small graphics of all slides and allows you to rearrange them (2 words)
5 Normal view has three of these
6 This lets you choose from several backgrounds and colour schemes (2 words)
8 This view expands to fill most of the screen
Down
1 Animations that add movement to the slides themselves
2 A view that lets you look at an on-screen production of your presentation (2 words)
4 Pre-selected boxes with dotted line borders that can hold text and other objects
7 Simulated movement of objects, graphics and text on screen

Interact with Information Technology 2 52

Chapter 8 Multimedia (PowerPoint)

Project
Create a ten-slide presentation on one of these topics:
1 Personal safety during carnival time
2 Dangers of texting and driving
3 Schools should ban unhealthy snacks.
4 Reduce, reuse, recycle: Going green at my school
5 Movies affect our perception of how things are.
6 Peer pressure, both good and bad
7 Piracy affecting our local artists
8 Certain types of music influence our behaviour.
9 Safety on the internet
10 Childhood obesity on the rise: Children do not play outside anymore
11 How this new or emerging technology (choose one) will affect our lives in the future.
12 Computers have changed how we do things
13 The pros and cons of wearing a school uniform
14 A day in the life of a tomato plant
15 The benefits of visual and performing arts
16 Earthquake preparedness
17 Interact Club helps families in need
18 Teenage driving is the cause of most major road accidents. Agree or disagree?
19 How to stop bullying or cyberbullying
20 Advertise an event at your school.

Students' ten-slide presentations will vary. Check that students have used their
developing research skills to find correct information. The slide shows should show
the information clearly and in sequence. Guide any students who may be having
difficulties.

Interact with Information Technology 2 53

Chapter 8 Multimedia (PowerPoint)

Scenarios
1 This year, you went to the beach to see the leatherback turtles nesting. You noticed that a
man lifted his child and placed him on the back of the turtle. You were very shocked, so you
approached the man and explained to him that what he was doing was wrong. He apologised
and said that he was unaware that what he was doing was wrong. When you returned to school
the next day, you decided to create a presentation to educate your classmates about the do’s
and don’ts of interacting with nesting leatherback turtles.
2 You noticed that your neighbour, Mr Smith, lit a pile of garbage in his backyard. After a few
minutes the fire started to get larger and larger and started to spread. Mr Smith became panicky
and ran for a bucket of water. Realising that the fire was out of control, Mr Smith rang the fire
station. They arrived quickly and put out the fire. Mr Smith received a stern lecture about setting
fires, particularly during the dry season. Create a presentation to show the dangers of setting
fires during the dry season.
3 In an effort to earn some money, you have co-opted your siblings, cousins and close friends
into your ‘We cut lawns’ business. You have a few customers to who you provide lawn-cutting
services, but you want to expand your business. You have been given 15 minutes at the weekly
church meeting to present your start-up business to the people in your neighbourhood. Create a
presentation to showcase your ‘We cut lawns’ business.
4 Your mother complains weekly about the rising price of vegetables in the market. You have
learnt in school how easy it is to start a garden. You want to encourage your mother to start her
own kitchen garden to reduce the cost of buying vegetables every week. Select a few herbs
and vegetables, and create a presentation to explain to your mother how easily she can start a
kitchen garden.

Students' presentations for each scenario will be different, according to their

research skills and methods of presentation. Guide any students who may have
difficulties with finding the information they need.

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Chapter 8 Multimedia (PowerPoint)

STEM project
A parent, Steffion, and a few other parents have children’s kindergarten class. This presentation
is to highlight the importance of good behaviour. Steffion was elected as the leader of the team of
parents. The team wants to make the presentation as interesting and interactive as possible using
visual, aural and print media. The presentation must not be longer than ten minutes because of
the short attention span of the kindergarten students. You can play the role of Steffion and your
classmates can play the roles of the other parents on the team.
1 What do you want to achieve with your presentation?
2 List and explain three major components of your presentation.
3 Write the steps you plan to take for preparing your presentation. Give each classmate at least
one task to do.
4 Produce your presentation and ask a parent of a kindergarten-aged child to evaluate it.
What feedback did you receive?
5 From the feedback you received, explain how you can make your presentation more impactful.

Hints
1 Revise all that you have learned about input and output devices before starting this
project.
2 Is your PowerPoint presentation presented simply and with vocabulary that is appropriate
for kindergarten students?
3 Did you obtain input from your classmates? If not, what can you do to improve this for
future project work?

Students' presentations for this STEM project will vary.

Remind them to read the hints provided before starting the project.

Interact with Information Technology 2 55

Chapter 9 Advanced word processing

Questions and answers 9

Copy and fill in the blanks questions

1 Formatting allows you to change the appearance of the text in a document.
2 When the Cut command is used, the piece of document that is removed is placed in a temporary
storage area called the clipboard .
3 The Find feature allows you to search a document for a particular word or string of
characters that you may want to change or edit.
4 The Replace feature allows a user to search for a word or string of characters and replace it
with another word or string of characters.
5 A superscript effect is one in which characters are raised above the normal line.
6 Page margins are the blank spaces around the work area of a sheet of paper or the distance
between the text and the edge of paper.
7 The gutter margin is the space allotted for binding.
8 The mail merge feature, allows you to produce large volumes of personalised letters, mailing
labels, memos and emails without having to type each one individually for each recipient.
9 In the mail merge process, the data source file contains the personalised information that
would vary in each document, such as names and addresses of individuals.
10 A merge field is the name of a data item that will be stored in the data source and later be
merged into the main document.

True or false questions

1 Editing determines the final appearance of a document. Formatting can be carried out at three
levels – character, paragraph and page. True
2 The Find and Replace functions allow a user to search for a word or string of characters and
replace it with another word or string of characters. True
3 The Undo and Redo functions allow users to undo mistakes or redo changes made during
editing, formatting or drawing. True
4 A subscript effect is one in which characters are raised above the normal line. False
5 Bullets and numbers can be added to an already typed list or to text that is being typed.
True
6 Borders can only be placed around a page of a Word document. False
7 The mail merge feature allows you to produce large volumes of personalised letters, mailing
labels, memos and emails without having to type each one individually for each recipient.
True

Interact with Information Technology 2 56

Chapter 9 Advanced word processing

Multiple-choice questions
1 
From which group would you find the functions to apply effects to characters?
a Clipboard b Font
c Paragraph d Styles
2 Which of the following happens when a document is left aligned?
a Text at the right margin is uneven
b Text at the left margin is uneven
c Text at both margins are even
d Text at both margins are uneven
3 What happens to a piece of text that is cut from a document?
a It is deleted forever.
b It is placed on the clipboard.
c It is moved to a section of the document.
d It is placed in a blank document.
4 All of the following are text effects that can be applied to text except:
a italics. b superscript.
c subscript. d strikethrough.
5 The space allotted for binding is known as the:
a left margin. b right margin.
c gutter margin. d top margin.
6 Borders can be placed around:
a a page. b a paragraph.
c a graphic. d all of the above.
7 Two files are needed to perform a mail merge. The file that contains the letter or other document
that is meant for each recipient process is known as the:
a primary file. b secondary file.
c merged file. d original file.

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Chapter 9 Advanced word processing

Application questions (Selected answers)

1 Type out the following and save as ‘Effects’ in the folder named ‘Practice’ on your flash drive.
a 40 x3 + 20 x2 – 5 x + 25
b C6H12O6

Students should find this straightforward. Guide any who have difficulties.

2 Enter the following text and save it as ‘Notes:fd’

Direct variation between non-linear quantities
Expressions stating the relation between quantities which vary directly are not always in linear
form. For example, the mass, m, of a cardboard square is directly proportional to its area, A.
mαA
However, A = x2
Here, x is the length of a side of a square, so it follows that m α x2. Therefore, m α x2 is an
example of direct proportion in which one variable is a quadratic form.
Carry out the following operations on the document ‘Notes’.
a Bold and underline the heading.
b Fully justify the text.
c Add the following piece of text as a new paragraph.
Similarly, the volume of a sphere is directly proportional to the cube of its radius:
V = 4⁄3 πr3
So that V α r3, since π is a constant.
d Delete the sentence starting with the words, ‘Here, x ...’
e Re-save the document as ‘Variation’.

Direct variation between non-linear quantities

Expressions stating the relation between quantities which vary directly are not
always in linear form. For example, the mass, m, of a cardboard square is directly
proportional to its area, A.
mαA
However, A = x2
Therefore m α x2 is an example of direct proportion, in which one variable is a
quadratic form.
Similarly, the volume of a sphere is directly proportional to the cube of its radius:
v = 4/3 ^ r3
So that v α r3, since 4/3 π is a constant.

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Chapter 9 Advanced word processing

3 Here is a recipe for the Jamaican dish of ackee and saltfish.

Ackee and saltfish
Ackee and saltfish is the most famous dish in Jamaica and is recognised as the national dish.
This dish is very popular with locals and with tourists who visit the island. It is usually served
at breakfast, but can be eaten at any time.
What is Ackee?
Ackee is a pear-shaped fruit that is found in tropical climates. When the fruit ripens, it turns
from green to bright red to yellow-orange. The fruit has a buttery, creamy texture and a mild
taste. The Ackee and saltfish dish is usually served with ground provisions such as yams, green
bananas or breadfruit. It is also eaten with boiled or fried dumplings, green or ripe plantains,
hard-dough bread or even crackers.
Ingredients required for preparing the ackee and salt fish dish
Salt fish
Fresh ackee soaked, or tinned ackee
A chopped onion
Sweet pepper (yellow, red or green)
Chopped tomato
Minced garlic
Scotch bonnet pepper, chopped finely
A chopped scallion
Extra virgin olive oil
Salt and pepper to taste
You are required to:
a Type out the text and save it as ‘National Dish’.
b Change the left and right margins to 5.08 cm.
c Change the font size of the heading to a size larger than that of the rest of the document.
d Make bold, underline and centre justify the heading.
e Indent the first line of each paragraph.
f Change the line spacing of the entire document to 1.5 spacing.
g Add bullets to the ingredients required.
h Cut the last two lines of the first paragraph and place it at the end of the document.
i Place a border around the entire document.
j Re-save the document.

When checking students’ work (as a class or individually), make sure that they
have followed each instruction. Offer assistance to students who may not be clear.

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Chapter 9 Advanced word processing

4 Customers who do not pay their monthly instalment by the fifteenth day of the following month
are sent the following reminder letter by Top Brand Furniture Store:

Top Brand Furniture Store

Hope Road Kingston
Jamaica
18-01-2019
<<Title>> << First name>> << Surname>>
<< First line of address>>
<<Second line of address>>
Dear <<Title>> <<Surname>>
Please be informed that our accounts are showing that you have not paid your monthly
instalment of <<amount>> towards your purchase on <<date>>. Kindly pay the aforementioned
amount to your account number <<account number>>, to avoid any inconvenience.
Yours truly,
_______________________________
Lenore Brown
Credit Manager

a Type out the letter to be used as a mail merge document. Save it as ‘Overdue’ on your flash
drive.
b Create a secondary document (data file) called ‘Defaulters’, with the following data:
Title: Mr Title: Mr
First name: Conrad First name: Kelvin
Surname: Lewis Surname: Harry
First line of address: 10 Wilson Avenue First line of address: 3 Hibiscus Lane
Second line of address: Kingston Second line of address: Kingston
Amount: $75 000 Amount: $125 000
Date: 15-10-2019 Date: 18-10-2019
Account number: OCT256 Account number: OCT275

Title: Ms
First name: Sherry
Surname: Roach
First line of address: 18 Railroad Street
Second line of address: Kingston
Amount: $185 000
Date: 20-10-2019
Account number: OCT274

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Chapter 9 Advanced word processing

Example merge letters

Top Brand Furniture Store Top Brand Furniture Store

Hope road Kingston Hope road Kingston
Jamaica Jamaica
18-01-2019 18-01-2019
Mr Conrad Lewis Mr Kelvin Harry
10 Wilson Avenue 3 Hibiscus Lane
Kingston Kingston
Dear Mr Lewis, Dear Mr Harry,
Please be informed that our accounts Please be informed that our accounts
are showing that you have not paid are showing that you have not paid
your monthly instalment of $75 000 your monthly instalment of $125 000
towards your purchase on 15-10-2018. towards your purchase on 18-10-2018.
Kindly pay the aforementioned amount Kindly pay the aforementioned amount
to your account number OCT256, to to your account number OCT275, to
avoid any inconvenience. avoid any inconvenience.

Yours truly, Yours truly,

__________________________________________________ __________________________________________________

Lenore Brown Lenore Brown

Credit Manager Credit Manager

Top Brand Furniture Store Top Brand Furniture Store

Hope road Kingston Hope road Kingston
Jamaica Jamaica
18-01-2019 18-01-2019
Mr Sherry Roach Mr Kelvin Harry
18 Railroad Street 3 Hibiscus Lane
Kingston Kingston
Dear Ms Roach, Dear Mr Harry,
Please be informed that our accounts Please be informed that our accounts
are showing that you have not paid are showing that you have not paid your
your monthly instalment of $185 000 monthly instalment of $125 000 towards
towards your purchase on 20-10-2018. your purchase on 18-10-2018. Kindly
Kindly pay the aforementioned amount pay the aforementioned amount to your
to your account number OCT274, to account number OCT275, to avoid any
avoid any inconvenience. inconvenience.

Yours truly, Yours truly,

__________________________________________________ __________________________________________________

Lenore Brown Lenore Brown

Credit Manager Credit Manager

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Chapter 9 Advanced word processing

c Add two records of your own.

d Merge the two documents to produce letters to be sent to defaulting customers.
Save the letters as ‘Owing’.
e Add a new field called ‘Item’.
f Fill in possible names of items for each customer.
g Change the amount owing for Ms Roach from $185 000 to $158 000.
h Save all changes.

Students should find this fairly straightforward. Guide any who have difficulties.
Here is an example:
Title First Surname Address Address Amount Date Account Item
name line 1 line 2 number
Mr Conrad Lewis 10 Kingston $75 000 15-10- OCT256 Car
Wilson 2018
Avenue
Mr Kelvin Harry 3 Kingston $125 000 18-10- OCT275 Truck
Hibiscus 2018
Lane
Ms Sherry Roach 18 Kingston $158 000 20-10- OCT274 House
Railroad 2018
Street
Mrs Luvette Singh 45 Kingston $200 000 13-10- OCT300 House
Gardens 2018
Drive
Ms Joan Walter 7 Kingston $90 000 24-09- SEP128 Van
Baxter's 2018
Road

Research questions
Do research on the internet and then answer these questions in your notebook:
1 What are the differences between a word processor and desktop publishing software?
2 For a named task, explain why desktop publishing software would be more appropriate to use
than a word processor.

Students' research may differ, but they should come up with something along the
lines of, for example:
1 Word processing: used for working with text.
Desktop publishing software: for creating documents that use both text and
graphics.
2 Desktop publishing software (such as Microsoft Publisher) would be a more
appropriate choice because it allows one to work with more involved page
layouts (such as booklets, brochures and flyers) than can be done on a word
processor (using, for example, Microsoft Word).

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Chapter 9 Advanced word processing

Crossword
1
S
2 3
U M T A B L E S

P A E

E R M
4 5
J R G P R I M A R Y

U S I L
6 7
S E C O N D A R Y B

T R S T O
8
I I H E A D E R

F P S D

Y T E

R
Down

1 A character that is raised above the normal line

2 Blank spaces around the work area of a sheet of paper or the distance between the text and the
edge of paper
3 Preset designs in Microsoft Word that you can use to create a letter for a mail merge
4 Means that the text is flush with both left and right margins
7 Can give a document a more professional look, or create a visual separation between different
areas of a document, making it easier to read
Across

3 The form in which the information stored in the data source is organised
5 A file that contains the letter or other document that is meant for each recipient in a mail merge
6 A file that contains the personalised information that would vary in each document, such as
names and addresses of individuals in a mail merge
8 The first row that contains the merge fields in the data source

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Chapter 9 Advanced word processing

STEM project
Better Care Barber Shop (BCBS) has been experiencing a rapid drop in its clientele since Best Care
Barbers (Best C) opened up close by. This competition has affected BCBS financially in a bad way.
So, to try and improve business, the BCBS manager has developed an advertising campaign and
a series of activities, which include special monthly discounts to all clients in the database, group
discounts and mass media advertisements. As most of the students in your class are clients, the
BCBS manager has asked your class to create a range of suitable advertisements. Your teacher will
divide the class into groups and each group will work on a different type of advertisement.
1 What do you and your group have to do? Write a detailed statement.
2 Write a complete list of all the necessary content that should be in your advertisement.
3 Write a paragraph to explain why you and your group decided on this list of content.
4 List at least five steps that you and your group will take to produce your advertisement.
5 Work together as a group and produce an electronic version of your advertisement. Then ask
another group of classmates to review it. Record their comments and feedback.
6 Do you need to re-examine any parts of the advertisement before you show the final version to
the BCBS manager? What improvements do you intend to make?

Hints
1 What are the key features of an advertisement?
2 What makes an advertisement appealing? Are these elements evident in your
advertisement?

Students' advertisements for this STEM project will vary.

Remind them to read the hints provided before starting the project.

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Chapter 10 Spreadsheets (Excel)

Questions and answers 10

Copy and fill in the blanks questions

1 A spreadsheet uses formulae to carry out operations on the numerical data.
2 The Formula bar displays the contents of the active cell.
3 The Name box identifies the active cell.
4 The intersection of a row and a column is called a cell .
5 A value is a piece of data that can be used in a calculation.
6 A label can be used as a title or heading to describe an aspect of the worksheet.
7 The Home key moves to the first cell in a row in Excel.
8 A formula in Excel includes arguments (such as cell references, text or numbers) and
operators .
9 A function is a predefined formula in Excel that can automatically calculate results.
10 The AVERAGE function is used to find the mean of a set of values.
11 The MAX function is used to find the largest value in a set of values in a row or column.
12 The COUNT function returns the number of entries in its argument list that represent
numbers.
13 A CIRCULAR reference error occurs when the cell reference containing the formula is also
part of the formula.
14 An argument is the information passed to a function, on which it operates.
15 The first step in creating a chart is to select the data values to place in it.

True or false questions

1 A spreadsheet package is an application package. True
2 When you save an Excel file, it is given the file extension ‘.doc’. False
3 A workbook initially contains four worksheets. False
4 The Title bar displays the name of the program, as well as the name of the current workbook if it
has been saved. True
5 The rows in a spreadsheet run up and down and are numbered, while the columns run left to
right and are lettered. False
6 Each cell in the spreadsheet can be identified by its cell reference. True
7 All formulae in Excel start with a plus sign (+). True
8 An Excel formula is an instruction to perform operations on values. True

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Chapter 10 Spreadsheets (Excel)
9 Clicking the Tab key in Excel will move from the current active cell to the first cell in a row.
False
10 Numbers are automatically left aligned in Excel. False
11 To autofit a column, double-click the right boundary of the column heading. True
12 Formatting relates to the way in which numbers are represented in Excel. True
13 An expression in a formula in a spreadsheet package follows the same order of precedence as
for normal arithmetic. True
14 A worksheet may be sorted using multiple criteria. True
15 Incremental lines that may appear along each axis of a graph to help you to read values from
the graph more easily are known as gridlines. True

Multiple-choice questions
1 
Which one of the following applications may require the use of a spreadsheet?
a Creating a flyer
b Editing a picture
c Preparing end-of-term school reports
d Editing a video
2 Which one of the following is a formatting feature in Excel?
a Editing and deleting contents of cells
b Inserting and deleting rows and columns
c Copying and moving data within a worksheet
d Changing the alignment of cells
3 Which of the following default justifications is applied when textual data is entered in a
spreadsheet?
a Right b Left
c Centre
d Justified
4 Which of the following represents a cell that is used in absolute cell referencing?
a A5
b !A5
c $A$5 d A!5
5 Which of the following number formats would you use for lining up currency symbols and
decimal points?
a General
b Currency
c Number d Accounting

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Chapter 10 Spreadsheets (Excel)
6 Which of the following is true about an Excel formula?
a Begins with an @ sign
d Includes arguments
c Cannot contain brackets
d Does not follow the same order of precedence as for normal arithmetic
7 Four numbers are stored in cells A1, B1, C1 and D1 of an Excel spreadsheet. Which of the
following formulae would not calculate the average of the numbers?
a =(A1+B1+C1+D1)/4
b =AVERAGE(A1:D1)
c =A1+B1+C1+D1/4 d SUM(A1:D1)/4
8 Which of the following means that the column is not wide enough to display the value?
a ##### b #NAME?
c #NUM!
d #VALUE!
9 Which of the following is not true about sorting data in Excel?
a Data can be sorted in ascending and descending order.
b Rows with blank cells are placed at the bottom of the sorted list.
c Hidden rows are not moved.
d Numbers used as text are sorted after text alone.
10 The actual value, percentage or name of a bar or segment of a chart created in Excel is
referred to as a:
a gridline. b data label.
c data table. d legend.

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Chapter 10 Spreadsheets (Excel)
Short-answer questions
1 Explain how a spreadsheet can be used in the following places:
a The home
b At school
c The club

a The home, for example: Use a spreadsheet for drawing up the household
budget; keeping track of pocket money; a loan made to a family member;
to keep track of savings.
b At school, for example, to prepare the end-of-term school reports.
c The club, for example, to keep track of scores of different teams or individuals
in the different sports or activities at that club.

2 Describe what is meant by the following and give examples to illustrate your answer.
a Cell
b Cell reference
c Label
d Value
e Formula
f Worksheet
g Workbook

a The intersection of a row and a column is called a cell.

b Each cell in the spreadsheet can be identified by its cell reference (cell
address).
c A label can be used as a title or heading to describe an aspect of the
worksheet.
d A value is a piece of data that can be used in a calculation.
e A formula is an instruction to perform operations on values.
f The student created a new worksheet for each chapter in the book.
g A workbook is a collection of worksheets.

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Chapter 10 Spreadsheets (Excel)
3 Write down the formula you would put in a cell to do the following:
a Add cells A3, D3 and E3 together.
b Subtract B5 from D6.
c Multiply cell F1 by C5.
d Divide cell G4 by H8.
e Find 8% of cell E10.
f Add the cells B2 to B10 inclusive.
g Find the average of the cells from C3 to C10.
h Find the maximum value from the cells D3 to D40.
i Find the minimum value from the cells D3 to D40.
j Add the cells B3, C4 and D4, and then divide the total by A1.

a =SUM(A3,D3,E3) OR =A3+D3+E3
b =D6–B5
c =F1*C5
d =G4/H8
e =0.08*E10
f =SUM(B2:E10)
g =AVERAGE(C3:C10)
h =MAX(D3:D40)
i =MIN(D3:D40)
j =SUM(B3,C4,D4)/A1 OR =(B3+C4+D4)/A1

4 You need to find the total of the cells A1 to A8 inclusive and store the value in A10.
Explain three ways in which to do this.

Students' answers will vary. Make sure they understand the different ways.
Two examples are to:
• insert a '0' in A9 and click AutoSum
• insert a '0' in A9, go to A10 and type =SUM(A1:A9)

5 Explain the difference between relative cell referencing and absolute cell referencing.

Use relative cell referencing where you want to copy a formula to other cell(s) in
a row or column and let Excel change the formula, relative to the position of the
cell(s).
Use absolute referencing in situations where you do not want Excel to adjust the
cell references when a formula is copied from one location to another.

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Chapter 10 Spreadsheets (Excel)
6 List the guidelines that Excel uses when sorting text in terms of blank cells, numbers used
with text and hidden rows.

When sorting a list of data, most spreadsheet packages use the following
guidelines:
• Rows with blank cells are placed at the bottom of the sorted list.
• Hidden rows are not moved.
• Numbers used as text are sorted before text alone.

7 Explain the meaning of these error messages:

a #####
b #NAME?
c #REF!
d CIRCULAR

a ##### means that the column is not wide enough to display the value. Use any
of the methods described earlier to widen the column to allow the value to
display.
b #NAME? appears when Excel does not recognise text in a formula. Check the
spelling of your function or check that a name exists.
c #REF! appears when Excel encounters an invalid cell reference, such as when
you delete a cell referred to in a formula or paste cells over the cells referred to
in a formula.
d CIRCULAR is the formula is referencing itself. The cell reference containing the
formula is also part of the formula.

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 answer.
c #REF!

10
Chapter d CIRCULAR
Spreadsheets (Excel)
Worksheet questions
1 Create the spreadsheet shown in Figure 10.51.
a Insert a formula in cell D4 to calculate the
Worksheetarea
questions
of the square.

1 b Insert
Create a formula in
the spreadsheet cell D7
shown in to calculate
Figure 10.51.the
area of the rectangle.
a Insert a formula in cell D4 to calculate the area of the square.
uld put in a c Insert a formula in cell D10 to calculate the
b Insert
areaa of
formula in cell D7 to calculate the area of the rectangle.
the circle.
ether. c d Insert a formula
Insert a formulain cell D10D9totocalculate
in cell calculatethe
thearea of the circle.
d areaa of
Insert the triangle.
formula in cell D9 to calculate the area of the triangle.

usive.
rom C3 to C10.
m the cells D3

m the cells D3

and then
Figure 10.51
cells A1 to A8 Check that students have followed the instructions and worked out the answers
A10. Explain correctly. Help students who may be having difficulties.

2 10 worksheet
The SprEadShEEtSshown in (ExcEl)
Figure 10.52 shows the names and starting balance of some customers
of the People’s Bank.
2 The worksheet shown in Each customer is paid 3% interest onctheir
Figure 10.52 starting
Format balance.
the cells withCreate theand two
currency
worksheet
shows shown
the namesin Figure 10.52 and
and starting complete
balance of the following:decimal places.
a some customers
Calculate of thethat
the interest People’s Bank. Each
each customer earns. d Change the starting balance for Larry
customer is paid 3% interest on their starting Adams to 54600.
b balance.
CalculateCreate
the ‘Year
theEnd Balance’
worksheet of each
shown in customer.
c Figure
Format10.52 andwith
the cells complete the following:
currency and two decimal places. e Insert the details for the new customer
Jerry Ben who deposited $15 674
d a Calculate
Change the the interest
starting that each
balance for customer
Larry Adamsearns.to 54600. between customers Birbal and Balfour.
e b Calculate
Insert the ‘Year
the details End
for the newBalance’
customerof each
Jerry Ben
193 who deposited $15 674 between
customer.
customers Birbal and Balfour.

2019/09/11 14:21

Figure 10.52
Check that students have followed the instructions and worked out the answers
3correctly.
The spreadsheet in Figure
Help students who10.53
mayshows b Display the highest, lowest and average
be having difficulties.
the prices of various items at different price of each item.
supermarkets located in different parts of c Create a bar chart to compare the prices of
Trinidad. You are required to do the following: baked beans from each supermarket.
Interact with Information Technology 2 71 Label
a Create the spreadsheet shown in Figure 10.53. the chart appropriately.
 Chapter 10 Spreadsheets (Excel)
3Figure
The spreadsheet in Figure 10.53 shows the prices of various items at different supermarkets
10.52
located in different parts of Trinidad. You are required to do the following:
3 The spreadsheet in Figure 10.53 shows b Display the highest, lowest and average
a Create the spreadsheet shown in Figure 10.53.
the prices of various items at different price of each item.
supermarkets
b located
Display the in different
highest, partsaverage
lowest and of price ofc each item.
Create a bar chart to compare the prices of
Trinidad. You are required to do the following: baked beans from each supermarket. Label
c Create a bar chart to compare the prices of baked beans from each supermarket.
a Create the spreadsheet shown in Figure 10.53. the chart appropriately.
Label the chart appropriately.

Figure 10.53
10.53

Check that students have been able to follow the instructions correctly.
Help students who may be having difficulties.

4 The spreadsheet in Figure 10.54 shows the income and expenses for the first six months of the
year in 2018 for Ms Jennifer Grant.
194 a Create the spreadsheet shown in Figure 10.54.
b Insert a row between rows 1 and 2.
9781510473973_Interact_with IT_2_BP_SIP.indb 194 2019/09/11 14:21
c Bold all the headings.
d Insert a column between columns A and B.
e Change the font size of the entire worksheet to 12.
f Centre justify all the headings.
g Enter the label ‘Total Income’ in cell A7.
h Insert a formula in cell C7 to calculate the total income for the month of January.
i Copy the formula to calculate the total income for the other months.
j Enter the label ‘Monthly Expenditure’ in cell A17.
k Enter a formula in cell C17 to find the total expenses for the month of January.
l Copy the formula to cell H17 to find the total expenses for the other months.
m Enter the label ‘Item Total’ in cell I10.

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 Chapter 10 Spreadsheets (Excel)
n Enter a formula in cell I10 to find the total amount spent on Phone for the first six months
of 2018.
o Copy the formula down to cell I17.
p Enter the label ‘Balance after expenses’ in cell A20.
q Enter formulae to calculate the balance after expenses for each month.

ting and exportingr data between

Format and among
the numbers software applications
as currency.
s Create a bar chart to show the total amount of money spent on clothes over the six
4 shows the t Create a pie chart to show the total amount
rst six months months period.
of money spent on each item for the entire
ifer Grant. t period.
Create a pie chart to show the total amount of money spent on each item for the entire
n in Figure 10.54. period.
u Save the worksheet as ‘Half-year expenses
u 2018’.
Save the worksheet as ‘Half-year expenses 2018’.
1 and 2.

lumns A and B.
entire

gs.
e’ in cell A7.
calculate the
of January.
te the total
s. Figure 10.54

penditure’ in Research
Check thatquestions
students have been able to follow the instructions correctly.
1Help
Dostudents who
research to findmay be having
out how difficulties.
a spreadsheet can
o find the total be used to help with teaching these subjects:
anuary. a Mathematics
7 to find the b Agricultural Science
months.
c Business Studies
n cell I10.
You are required to give examples to show
find the total how the spreadsheet package will be used.
the first six
2 Do research on the internet to explore low-fat
menus and various exercise programmes.
ell I17.
a Compare calories from a healthy home-
r expenses’ in cooked meal to a fast-food meal.
b Create a spreadsheet to calculate the total
the balance calories consumed and the total exercise
nth. with calories burned.
ency.
he total amount
ver the six
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Chapter 10 Spreadsheets (Excel)

Research questions
1 Do research to find out how a spreadsheet can be used to help with teaching these subjects:
a Mathematics
b Agricultural Science
c Business Studies
You are required to give examples to show how the spreadsheet package will be used.
2 Do research on the internet to explore low-fat menus and various exercise programmes.
a Compare calories from a healthy home-cooked meal to a fast-food meal.
b Create a spreadsheet to calculate the total calories consumed and the total exercise with
calories burned.

Students' research and responses will vary for each question. Make sure that all
students are able to find what they need during their research. Guide them with
suggestions of key words if needed. Help students who may be having difficulties.

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Chapter 10 Spreadsheets (Excel)

Crossword
1 2
W G
3 4
R A V E R A G E

A I E
5
C L I P B O A R D N

R
6
M A X

L
Down

1 An option that allows labels consisting of more than one word and that exceed the width of a
cell to move to another line in the same cell
2 A type of line that makes it easier to read the values from a chart
4 When formatting numbers, you can use this if you do not want a specific number format

Across

3 A function that allows you to find the mean of a row or column of cells
5 The location data is held when you Copy, and then use the Paste command in Excel
6 A function that can be used to find the largest value in a row or column

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Chapter 10 Spreadsheets (Excel)
STEM project
You conducted an agricultural science experiment in which you have measured the height in
centimetres of six seedlings on a weekly basis over an eight-week period. The measurements you
made are as follows:

Seedling A: 2, 3, 4, 4.5, 5, 6, 7, 8
Seedling B: 1, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.7, 4.2, 4.5, 5, 7
Seedling C: 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5, 5, 5.5, 6.5, 7.5
Seedling D: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10
Seedling E: 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4
Seedling F: 2, 3.5, 4.5, 5.5, 6.5, 7.7, 8.9, 11.

Use an Excel spreadsheet to record your data. You have been asked to calculate the growth rates
of each of the six seedlings and compare them. You need to present your findings to the class and
discuss the possible reasons for the differences in the growth rates. You may use a bar chart as part
of your presentation.
1 What is the most appropriate title for your spreadsheet?
2 In a step-by-step approach, explain how you plan to create your spreadsheet (and bar chart).
3 Produce your spreadsheet and bar chart. Write a list of possible reasons for the different growth
rates.
4 Compare your spreadsheet (and bar chart) with that of a classmate. Discuss your reasons for the
different growth rates of the seedlings. What do you both discover?

Hints
1 What are the factors affecting the growth of seedlings?
2 Revise the steps in producing an Excel spreadsheet before doing this question.
3 How can your spreadsheet be useful to students doing a similar project in the future?

Students' spreadsheets, bar charts and presentations for this STEM project will vary.
Remind them to read the hints provided before starting.

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Chapter 11 Computer ethics and research (2)

Questions and answers 11

Copy and fill in the blanks questions

1 Digital citizenship means learning how to use technology in ways that are appropriate,
responsible and intelligent.
2 Netiquette means respecting other users’ views and being polite when posting your views
online.
3 Flaming is writing content online that intentionally invokes responses such as rage, sadness,
humiliation and self-doubt.
4 An illegal act committed online or via the internet is referred to as a cybercrime .
5 A computer crime is any illegal act that involves the use of a computer or related devices.

True or false questions

1 The internet has created a global platform in which billions of people all over the world interact
using various technologies. True
2 Digital citizens must act in a certain way according to accepted norms, rules and laws.
True
3 Digital citizenship encompasses digital literacy. True
4 Every digital citizen should be aware of good netiquette in the cyber world. True
5 ‘Netiquette’ means respecting other users’ views and being polite when posting your views
online. True
6 It is okay to post about cricket in a football forum. False
7 You must not disagree with what someone says online. False
8 Many countries throughout the world have passed laws to protect citizens and organisations
from computer crimes and cybercrimes. True
9 There is an increase in cybercrimes in the Caribbean. True
10 Jamaica has a Cybercrime Act that makes it illegal to commit computer crimes and
cybercrimes. True
11 People found guilty of some computer crimes and cybercrimes in Jamaica can be imprisoned.
True

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Chapter 11 Computer ethics and research (2)

Multiple-choice questions
1 
Digital citizenship means learning how to use technology in ways that are:
a appropriate, responsible and intelligent.
b appropriate, efficient and entrepreneurial.
c investigative, entrepreneurial and friendly.
d none of the above.
2 Which option is an example of good netiquette?
a Typing your comments in ALL CAPS
b Posting any videos you receive to all your friends without their permission
c Forwarding chain letters to your friends
d Staying on-topic in a forum
3 Which option shows the correct format to reference a CD-ROM using the APA format?
a Author, Initial. (year). Title [CD-ROM]. Place of publication: Publisher.
b Author, Initial. (year). “Title of Part of Work.” Title [CD-ROM]. Publisher: Place of publication.
c Author, Initial. (year). Title [CD-ROM]. Place of publication: Publisher.
d Author, Initial. (year). “Title of Part of Work.” Title [CD-ROM]. Publisher: Place of publication.
4 Which option shows the correct format to reference a CD-ROM using the MLA format?
a Author, Initial. (year). Title [CD-ROM]. Place of publication: Publisher.
b Author, Initial. (year). Title [CD-ROM]. Publisher: Place of publication.
c Name of Author (if given). “Title of Part of Work.” Title of Product. Edition
or release, if relevant. Publication medium CD-ROM. City of Publication:
Publisher, Year of publication.

d Name of Author (if given). Title of Product. “Title of Part of Work.” Edition or release, if
relevant. Publication medium CD-ROM. Place of Publication: Publisher, Year of publication.

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Chapter 11 Computer ethics and research (2)

Short-answer questions
1 a Explain the term ‘digital citizenship’.
b List three aspects of ‘digital citizenship’.

a 
The internet has created a global platform in which billions of people all over
the world interact using various technologies. This platform has created a
digital society that provides its citizens with opportunities for education,
employment, entertainment and social interaction, which is known as digital
citizenship.
b Three aspects of digital citizenship are: netiquette, laws relating to computer
crimes and cybercrimes, and copyright organisations.

2 a What does the term ‘netiquette’ mean?

b Describe five tips for good netiquette.

a Network etiquette or netiquette is a set of rules for how to behave correctly

online. Netiquette means respecting other users’ views and being polite when
posting your views online.
b Five tips for good netiquette:
• Do not send or post a flame.
• Do not post rude and insulting messages. You may disagree strongly with
someone, but do not call them names or threaten them.
• Stay on topic. Do not post about cricket in a football forum.
• Do not post copyrighted material if you do not own the rights.
• Only forward jokes and chain letters if the recipient wants them.

3 a What is the function of a copyright organisation?

b Name three copyright organisations in Jamaica.

a Copyright organisations in the Caribbean are responsible for protecting the

rights of content creators.
b Three copyright organisations in Jamaica are, for example:
• Jamaican Copyright Licensing Agency (JAMCOPY)
• Jamaica Music Society Ltd (JAMMS)
• The Jamaica Association of Authors Composers & Publishers (JACAP).

4 For each of the following, state the law that may have been broken according to the Jamaican
Cybercrimes Act (2015).
a James copied the file containing the end-of-term examination from his teacher’s laptop and
shared it with his friends.
b Mary was upset with her friend Kim, so she uploaded a lot of false statements on Facebook
to damage her reputation.
c Billy used his computer to hack into the school database to change his examination grades.
d Shelly used her computer programming skills to download copyright software to distribute
to her friends.

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Chapter 11 Computer ethics and research (2)

e Mr Data installed a virus in his company’s network because the company did not give
him a pay raise.

a Computer-related fraud or forgery

b Use of computer for malicious communication
c Unauthorised changes to computer programs or data
d Computer-related fraud or forgery
e Unauthorised obstruction of computer operations

Research questions
1 Copy the table into your notebook. Do research on the internet to find information about three
major cybercrimes committed in the last five years, and then complete the table.
Type of cybercrime Year committed Description of Loss incurred
crime

2 Copy the table below into your notebook. Do research on the internet to find out which
Caribbean islands listed in the table have laws to protect citizens from computer crimes and
cybercrimes. Then complete the table by filling in the names of the relevant Acts or Laws
alongside each island (where applicable).
Name of island Name of Law or Act
Jamaica
Trinidad and Tobago
Barbados
St Lucia

Students' research and responses will vary. Make a note of who is still struggling
with their research skills. Guide those students so that they are also able to find
information easily.

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Chapter 11 Computer ethics and research (2)

Crossword
1 2
J N

A E
3 4
F L A M I N G T J
5
C D I G I T A L

O Q M

P U M
6
C Y B E R C R I M E S

Down
1 Acronym for Jamaican Copyright Licensing Agency
2 Respecting other users’ views and being polite when posting your views online
4 Acronym for Jamaica Music Society Limited
Across
3 Writing content online that intentionally invokes responses such as rage, sadness, humiliation
and self-doubt
5 A type of citizenship that means learning how to use technology in ways that are appropriate,
responsible and intelligent
6 An illegal act committed online or via the internet

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Chapter 11 Computer ethics and research (2)

STEM project
Students at your school are planning to do a netiquette video campaign to help prevent
cyberbullying and other inappropriate use of the internet. Your class has been asked to produce a
video presentation highlighting the most important issues and showing the proper netiquette for
each issue. This presentation will be shown in your school cafeteria on a television screen during
lunchtime every day.
1 What is an interesting and attention-catching, but accurate title for this presentation?
2 Outline five major steps that your class will take to produce this presentation. Which step(s) are
related to the content of this chapter? Explain these steps in detail.
3 Due to the positive results that this presentation has had in your school, the school has decided
to produce a DVD with the PowerPoint presentation to share with other schools. What must
you do to ensure that this DVD is copyright-protected and properly referenced in the Jamaica
National Library DVD Collection?

Hints
1 Which types of research did you carry out to help you decide on the content of the video
presentation, for example, look at other presentations that students enjoy watching, trial
ideas with other students, and so on?
2 Speak to your school or community librarian about copyright protection and referencing.

Students' presentations for this STEM project will vary.

Remind students to read the hints provided before starting.

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Chapter 12 Problem solving and algorithm development (1)

Questions and answers 12

Copy and fill in the blanks questions

An algorithm is a formula or set of unambiguous steps that, if followed exactly, will solve a
1 
particular problem.
2 Flowcharts are diagrams used to help us visualise the sequences of algorithms.
3 Refining an algorithm makes it easier to convert it to programming code.
4 Each item of data is stored in a memory location .
5 Dry run means inputting values and working through the algorithm by hand to see if it
works.
6 We can use variables to represent values that change during the execution of a program or
algorithm.
7 A constant is a data item that does not change during the execution of a program or
algorithm.

True or false questions

1 Algorithms can only be written using the English language. True
2 For every problem we can develop an algorithm that will solve it. False
3 An algorithm must be expressed very precisely. True
4 Computer programs involve three types of instructions: input, processing and output. True
5 Flowcharts are diagrams used to help us visualise the sequences of algorithms. True
6 Flowcharts are especially useful for professional programmers. False
7 Refining an algorithm makes it easier to convert it to programming code. True
8 Constants are data that change during the execution of a program or algorithm. False
9 All programming languages use the same variables to represent the different types of data.
False
10 Dry running means inputting values and working through the steps in an algorithm logically
and carefully, one by one, while keeping track of the results. True

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Chapter 12 Problem solving and algorithm development (1)
Multiple-choice questions
1 
Which three types of instructions do computer programs need?
a Input, processing, preciseness b Input, output, finiteness
c Input, processing, output d Input, preciseness, finiteness
2 The formula given is: Area of a circle = Pi multiplied by the square of the radius (A = πr2).
Which of the following is the constant in the equation?
a A b r
c π d None of the above.
3 Which of the following is a numeric variable?
a 2A b X1$
c $AB d XYZ
4 Which of the following is a literal variable?
a $XY b XY$
c 2A$ d N
5 Prompt and INPUT A,B,C
LET Z = A × B
LET X = Z/C
PRINT X
END
What value will be printed if A = 6, B = 8 and C = 2?
a 16 b 7
c 24 d 48
6 Prompt and INPUT P1, P2, P3, P4, P5
LET TOTAL = P1+ P2 + P3+ P4 + P5
LET D = TOTAL * .15
PRINT TOTAL, D
END
What will be printed if P1 = 20, P2 = 15, P3 = 35, P4 = 16, P5 = 14?
a 70, 14 b 100, 15
c 100, 115 d None of the above.

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Chapter 12 Problem solving and algorithm development (1)
7 Prompt and INPUT LENGTH, WIDTH
AREA = LENGTH * WIDTH
P = (LENGTH + WIDTH) * 2
PRINT AREA, P
END
What will be printed if LENGTH = 15 and WIDTH = 10?
a 15, 10 b 150, 50
c 50, 150 d 300, 150
8 What are the values of K, B and Z after you dry run the following algorithm?
K=3
LET K = K + 3
LET B = K + 2
LET Z = B + K
PRINT K, B, Z
END
a 6, 8, 14 b 9, 11, 20
c 5, 8, 13 d None of the above.
9 What are the values of Z and P after you dry run the following algorithm?
LET X = 16
LET Y = 2
LET Z = X/Y
LET P = Z * Y
PRINT Z, P
END
a 2, 16 b 4, 6
c 6, 8 d 8, 16

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Chapter 12 Problem solving and algorithm development (1)
Short-answer questions
1 Write an algorithm to bake a batch of chocolate brownies.
2 Write an algorithm to find a word in the dictionary.
3 Jug A has orange juice and Jug B has apple juice. Write an algorithm to place the contents of
Jug A into Jug B and the contents of Jug B into Jug A.
4 Write an algorithm to find and print the area of a circle.
5 Write an algorithm to convert a mass in kilograms (kg) to pounds (lb). Display the amount in
kilograms and pounds. 1 kg = 2.2 lb. Draw a flowchart of the algorithm. Dry run the algorithm
using two different values.
6 Flour is sold at $40.00 a bag. Write an algorithm to input an order number and the quantity
ordered. Calculate the cost of the order. Print the order number, quantity and cost.
7 Write an algorithm to calculate simple interest on savings in a bank. The algorithm should allow
the user to input the principal, rate and time, and output the principal and the interest earned.
Simple interest = (Principal × Rate × Time)/100
8 Draw a flowchart of the following algorithm.
INPUT A, B
IF B = 0 THEN
PRINT “Cannot go further”
ELSE
LET C = A/B
PRINT C
ENDIF
What will be printed if:
a A= 48 and B = 2?
b A= 48 and B = 0?
9 Draw a flowchart of the following algorithm.
INPUT C
IF C <= 100 THEN
PRINT C
ELSE
LET C = (C + .20 * C)
PRINT C
ENDIF
What will be printed if:
a C = 120?
b C = 100?

Go through students' answers with them to see that they understand what is
required. Give guidance to any students who may be having difficulties.

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Chapter 12 Problem solving and algorithm development (1)
STEM project
The daily operations of Roads R Us, a road toll company in a large Caribbean country, include
the collecting of toll fees for vehicles of four possible classes, providing customers with change,
updating the tag on customers’ accounts and keeping track of the number of times government
vehicles cross the toll point. Employees at the toll booths process thousands of dollars daily.
There are three lanes going into the capital city and three lanes leaving the capital city, with
moderate traffic all day and peak traffic in the early morning and late afternoon. There are six
employees and two supervisors on each shift at the toll booths.
1 Identify three possible problems that may occur in the above scenario. Explain how you will
identify these problems.
2 Use an algorithm to work out a solution for each problem you identify.
3 Choose the most probable problem and refine it as much as possible to present to Roads R Us.
Use a flow chart to support your presentation.

Hints
1 How does a road toll system work?
2 Explain what an algorithm is in your own words. What are its components?
3 List any assumptions that you have made.

Students' presentations for this STEM project will vary.

Remind them to read the hints provided before starting the project.

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Chapter 13 Applications of IT (2)

Questions and answers 13

True or false questions
1 Supercomputers, together with sensors and instruments, can predict the weather. True
2 An expert medical system can learn from its mistakes. False
3 Monitoring when and where credit cards are used is also part of electronic surveillance.
True
4 Hand geometry is not a part of biometric identification. False

Multiple-choice questions
Choose the best answer to each question.
1 
Which system allows you to record video footage of a crime in progress?
a CCTV b CAT scans
c MRI d Profiling
2 Electronic surveillance involves all of the following except:
a MRIs. b wiretaps.
c email interception. d location tracking.
3 This machine uses magnets to create a two- and three-dimensional image of tissues.
a CBA b CAI
c MIR d MRI
4 Many films now use this in their production process.
a CIG b CAT
c CBA d CGI
5 This device gives the location of storms.
a Weather balloons b Doppler radar
c Radiosondes
d Electrical signals

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Chapter 13 Applications of IT (2)

Short-answer questions
1 Explain what an expert medical system is.

An expert medical system analyses data and provides answers to questions in the
field of medicine.

2 Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of practising medicine on the internet.

Advantages of practising medicine on the internet: Doctors can use the internet to
send information to patients, send X-rays to other medical institutions, and even
work together with other doctors or surgeons on ‘live’ surgery in different parts
of the world. Some doctors are now diagnosing patients’ illnesses and prescribing
medication online.
Disadvantages of practising medicine on the internet: The explosion of
information on the internet has led to an increase in people self-diagnosing.
Self-diagnosis is the process of identifying a medical condition oneself by doing
research in books and on the internet. However, this can potentially be very
dangerous, as an untrained person can misinterpret the medical information or not
realise if the information on the internet is factually incorrect

3 Your friends insist you go with them to watch a new CGI film. In your own words, explain what
CGI means and give examples.

Computers play an important role in the making of many films, such as ‘Black
Panther’ and ‘Avengers’. Computer-generated images (CGI) and animations are
becoming part of many popular films today. Computer animations are also used in
many television programmes, especially those for children.

4 Differentiate between a CAT scan and an MRI scan.

A CAT (computer axial tomography) scan: This machine is an X-ray tube that
takes as many as 30 pictures per second as it rotates around the patient. The
computer system reconstructs a three-dimensional view of the image from the
pictures taken. This helps in the diagnosis of diseases.
An MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) scan: This machine uses magnets to
create two- and three-dimensional images of tissues, such as the brain, to detect
strokes, tumours, infections and even haemorrhages.

5 List at least three biometric forms of identification used in law enforcement.

In law enforcement, computers are used in communication, security cameras,

biometric identification systems, profiling, traffic control, electronic surveillance
and traditional law enforcement office tasks. (Any three)

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Chapter 13 Applications of IT (2)

Crossword
1 2
S D
3 4
E B I O M E T R I C

L P C
5
F I N G E R P R I N T T

D L V

I E
6
A P R O F I L I N G

G R
7
N C A T S C A N

O D

S A
8
I P R I N T

S
Down

1 The process of identifying a medical condition oneself by researching on the internet

(2 words)
2 Gives the locations of storms (2 words)
4 Can capture footage of a crime in progress

Across

3 A way to identify an individual through their body characteristics

5 This can be matched against a database of known criminals to identify a suspect
6 The process by which police use specialised software to compose a picture of a suspect
7 An X-ray tube that takes pictures of a patient as it rotates around the patient
8 A type of media that can be created with word-processing software

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Chapter 13 Applications of IT (2)

STEM project
Fifty years ago, typewriters were used for typing and preparing documents in offices. However, as
computers are now widely available and continue to evolve, what do you think computers will be
more used for fifty years from now?
1 List two areas that use ICT in their daily operations that did not use it initially in the preparation
of document.
2 Explain how ICT is used in the areas highlighted in question 1.
3 List the steps for using a typewriter to produce a named office document and compare this to
the steps for producing this document using a computer.
4 How has natural language processing improved the ways in which information is processed,
recorded and researched in the twenty-first century?

Hints
1 Do research on how typewriters were used since they were invented and until today.
2 Use a typewriter and compare its use to the use of a computer.
3 Do research on new and evolving uses of ICT in the twenty-first century.

Students' research and information for this STEM project will vary.
Remind them to read the hints provided before starting the project.

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Chapter 14 Computing careers (2)

Questions and answers 14

Copy and fill in the blanks questions

The computer operator monitors and controls a computer system from the central console.
1 

2 A web page designer updates, repairs, modifies and expands existing programs.

3 A network administrator administers and manages a company’s database.

4 A data control clerk enters data into a system in a form that is suitable for processing.

5 A mobile app developer creates application software for cell phones.

6 A computer sales representative explains the specifications of the different hardware and
software products sold by their company to customers.

True or false questions

1 A systems analyst selects and maintains database management software. False
2 A data security analyst analyses and assesses the potential threats to a computer system.
True
3 Electronic data processing auditors make recommendations for changes to ensure system
integrity and accuracy. True
4 Multimedia artists do not need formal art training and qualifications. False
5 Computer engineers are not responsible for maintaining and repairing computer hardware sold
to clients. False

Short-answer questions
1 Describe two functions for each job:
a Operations manager
b Network administrator
c Database administrator

a 
An operations manager:
• supervises the use and maintenance of equipment
• supervises data reception and preparation.
b A network administrator:
• 
plans and designs the network, and manages the installation of hardware
and software
• tests the network to ensure that it is functioning properly.

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Chapter 14 Computing careers (2)

c A database administrator:
• ensures that the database performs at its optimum
• develops policies and procedures to ensure the system.

2 List three duties of a computer technician.

Three duties of a computer technician:

• troubleshoot and diagnose computer problems
• repair, replace and test computer parts
• receive and set up hardware.

3 Explain the difference between a computer engineer and a software engineer.

Computer engineers are found in all levels of the computer industry. They
design, develop, test and supervise the manufacture of components (such as new
computer chips or circuit boards) and peripheral devices. If their employer is a
large company, then different engineers take care of the assembly and testing of
new designs for overall effectiveness, cost, reliability and safety.
Software engineers are specialists who design or create software. They may
or may not write actual programming code, but they must be competent in
programming. They work together with both the business functions and the
programmers, explaining the business functions to the programmers and the
technology to the non-technical personnel.

4 State three duties of a mobile app developer.

Three duties of a mobile app developer:

• discusses specifications with systems analyst or client
• writes programs
• tests programs for correct operation and results.

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Chapter 14 Computing careers (2)
Project
1 You are asked to advertise a post that has become available in your company. Create a flyer,
leaflet or brochure to advertise one of the computing careers. Include descriptions of the job
functions of the post and the qualifications required to fill that post.
2 You own a small business and want to hire a computer technician and a software trainer as part
of your staff. Create an advertisement to hire these new employees.
3 You applied for a job as a data security analyst and you are asked to present a résumé at
the interview. Design a résumé using the security analyst qualifications and any additional
information you think you will need to create a winning résumé. (Hint: Ask your English teacher
for assistance.)

Students' flyers, advertisements and résumés will vary. Make sure that all students
know how to create each of them. Provide guidance to students who may be having
difficulties.

STEM project
Your friend Kayli is a Grade 9 or Form 3 student at your school. She is unsure about her choice
of subjects for Grade 10 or Form 4. She likes Mathematics and Science, and is very good at IT.
However, she also likes to do practical things and does not see herself sitting at a computer all
day, although she is very interested in finding hackers, stopping the theft of data and reducing the
occurrence of viruses on computers. She has come to you to discuss her possible career options, so
that she can make the best subject choices as she plans to start working after Grade 11 or Form 5.
You can ask one of your classmates to play the role of Kayli.
1 How can you best help Kayli with the IT knowledge you now have? Write down your thoughts.
2 Collect and collate useful information to help Kayli. What information do you think will be most
useful? How do you plan to access this information?
3 Inform her of three ICT jobs that you think would best suit her, using her interests to guide
your suggestions. For each job you have suggested, explain its key tasks and day-to-day
responsibilities.
4 What feedback did you get from Kayli? How can you further help her with her job choice?

Hints
1 Revise this chapter and Chapter 13 in Interact with IT Book 1 of this series.
2 Research jobs in your country by internet searches, interviewing IT persons in businesses,
and so on.

Students' role plays for this STEM project will vary.

Remind them to read the hints provided before starting the project.

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