2020

2020-ME-115
Abdul Haseeb Khan
FEA Lab Report 03
Abdul Haseeb Khan FEA LR 3 2020-ME-115

1 Table of Contents
2 Objective:.....................................................................................................................................................2
3 Abstract:.......................................................................................................................................................2
4 Introduction:.................................................................................................................................................2
5 Methodology:...............................................................................................................................................3
6 Results:.........................................................................................................................................................3
6.1 Analytical Results:................................................................................................................................3
6.2 Numerical results:.................................................................................................................................5
6.2.1 Abaqus Results:............................................................................................................................5
6.2.2 ANSYS Results:............................................................................................................................6
7 Discussion:...................................................................................................................................................8
8 Conclusion:..................................................................................................................................................8
9 References:...................................................................................................................................................8

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Abdul Haseeb Khan FEA LR 3 2020-ME-115

Frame Analysis using analytical and numerical approach.

2 Objective:
 To compute displacements, rotations and reaction on frame.
 To compare analytical and numerical results.

3 Abstract:
Frames are very important structures and found mainly applications in constructions. So these must be
modelled and analysis must be performed on them so they can be used continently. Frame analysis was
performed from analytical and numerical approach to get rotations, displacements and reactions and then the
results are compared with each other. Analytical results are calculated using fea global matrix approach and
numerical results are calculated using abaqus and Ansys software. It was found out that the results match each
other and there is almost no error. So it depends upon the engineer to use which approach to perform analysis
for frame.

4 Introduction:
When different components are combined they form a structure and there are many structures like frame,
composite, trusses, cables and many more. So framed structure is a structure made from combination of
different components like beam, columns and slab which resist gravity and also lateral loads. These structures
play important role when dealing with very large forces. There are may types of frames and they are portal
frames, gabled frames, pin jointed rigid frames and fix ended rigid frame structures.[1]

Fig 1. Frame structure

Frame structures found use in almost everything like construction, towers, stadiums and arenas, and the
majorly used in bridges. So it’s very important to do its fea analysis to predict what are the most critical points
in the frame which can resist load. This helps to model frame according the requirement of its use.
Finite element analysis is a numerical method to predict what will happen to the model when certain condition
are applied on it. This method is used for solving problems related to thermal, structural, dynamic, fluid flow
and vibration analysis. The finite element analysis method basically uses only a finite element and predicts
what will happen to it under different BCs. This helps us to save time and also presents with accurate results.
This method is based on using partial differential equations. This method is performed by dividing a model in
to many smaller elements using nodes, elements and planes. The analysis is performed on this smaller element
to predict what will happen to it. The main steps in FEA include dividing subject in to smaller particles,

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Abdul Haseeb Khan FEA LR 3 2020-ME-115

selection function or model, developing stiffness matrix, solving and analysing global equation according to
the domain.[2]
In this lab report frame analysis is performed using different approaches. Frame’s analytical solution is
obtained using fea method using global matrix method. Then the frame is modelled in abaqus and Ansys and
then the results are compared with analytical solution also. The reaction, displacements and rotations were
calculated in the report from frame using softwares at particular nodes.

5 Methodology:
First we will calculate displacements, rotations and reactions at odes from frame using analytical approach.
The equations are given and results are calculated as shown below. Now for calculating numerical results we
will use first Ansys and then abaqus. Open Ansys and save project as static structural. In engineering data add
material and save it. In geometry select lie bodies and 3D. Open design modeler and model the frame and
generate it and ow create section and assign it to the frame. Go in the model and assign material to the frame.
Now create mesh and assign mesh size to it. Apply connections and from path using construction geometry.
Go in static structural and apply boundary conditions and loads as mentioned in the problem. Go in solution
and select the required parameter for your results which are rotations, displacements and reactions. Then solve
the problem and visualize all your results. Now we will calculate results using abaqus. So open it and save
work directory where all of your data will be saved. Abaqus is also unit sensitive so convert all the dimensions
in the single system of units. Now create part and model it. Now create material by adding E and v. now from
property module create profile and then create section and the assign section to the frame. Assign orientation
to frame if required and the create mesh and apply to the frame for analysis. In assembly module create
instance. Create step as static load. Now apply particular boundary conditions and loads as required in the
problem. Now create job and perform data check and then submit it. Now go in visualization module and view
all the results. Also compare these results with analytical results obtained already before.

6 Results:
The results calculated are shown below
6.1 Analytical Results:
We will obtain Stiffness Matrix for each element:
Element 1:

[ ]
k c 2+ 12b s2 ( k −12b ) cs 6 b l e s
1
[k ] = ( k −12b ) cs k s 2 +12b c 2 −6 b l e s
6 b le s −6 b l e c 4 b le
Element 2:

[ ]
k c 2+ 12b s2
( k −12b ) cs 6 b l e s
2
[k ] = ( k −12b ) cs k s 2 +12b c 2 6 b l e c
−6 b l e s 6 b le c 4 b l 2e
ELEMENT θ C S C
2
S
2 CS le EI AE
b= k=
NO L
3
L
1 56.3 0.555 0.832 0.308 0.692 0.4618 3√ 13 13274.88 1.165x108
2 0 1 0 1 0 0 9 23045.27 1.4x108

Putting values,

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Abdul Haseeb Khan FEA LR 3 2020-ME-115

[ ]
35.995 53.72 0.717
1 6
[k ] =10 53.72 80.7 −0.478
0.717 −0.478 6.213

[ ]
140 0 0
2 6
[k ] =10 0 0.277 1.244
0 1.244 7.467
Obtaining the reduced global stiffness matrix for the whole structure,

[ ]
175.995 53.72 0.717
G 6
[k ] =10 53.72 80.977 0.766
0.717 0.766 13.68
Now we have the equivalent value of relevant applied nodal loads

[ ]{ }
0 F2x
280 F2 y
{ f 2 }=103 960 M2
0 F3x
80 F3 y
2160 M3
Reducing the above relation, we have

{ } [ ]{ }
0 175.995 53.72 0.717 u 2
{ f 2 }=103 280 =106 53.72 80.977 0.766 v 2
960 0.717 0.766 13.68 θ 2

Solving above equations from the matrix we get the following values for the unknown nodal displacements
and moment;

θ2=−0.00860 rad ; v 2=−0.00426 ; u 2=0 .0134 m

Now we can solve for the member force for the global coordinate system using the equation;
[ q ] =[ k ] [ d ] + [ qF ]
Here;
[ q ] =Member force ∈Global Coordinate
[ k ]=Member Stiffness∈Global Coordinate
[ d ] =Member End Displacement ∈Global Coordinate
[ qF ] =Member End force∈Global Coordinate

Solving the above equation, we will get the following values;

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Abdul Haseeb Khan FEA LR 3 2020-ME-115

[ ][ ]
186.99 kN
308.11 kN
[ q ]= 36.27 kNm
−186.99 kN
−228.11 kN
−110.46 kNm

Now for the local forces we will just transform the above matrix using the transformation matrix and we get;

[ ][ ]
186.99 kN
308.11 kN
Member local Forces= 36.27 kNm
−186.99 kN
−228.11 kN
−110.46 kNm

6.2 Numerical results:

These results are calculated using abaqus and Ansys softwares.
6.2.1 Abaqus Results:
The numerical results obtained from abaqus are shown below

Figure 2 Displacement contour of U1

Figure 3 Displacement contour of U2

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Abdul Haseeb Khan FEA LR 3 2020-ME-115

Figure 4 Rotation Contour

Figure 5 Stress Contour

6.2.2 ANSYS Results:

The results of rotations, displacements and reaction calculated from Ansys are shown below

Figure 6 Left Fixed

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Abdul Haseeb Khan FEA LR 3 2020-ME-115

Figure 7 Right Fixed

Figure 8 X displacement

Figure 9 Y displacement

Figure 10 Total deformation

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Abdul Haseeb Khan FEA LR 3 2020-ME-115

The results of Displacement and rotation, along with stress is given above. In analytical result first we find
the values of cosine and sine and value of b and k using different formulae. The result of analytical and using
MATLAB, Ansys and Abaqus are attached above.

7 Discussion:
After studying and analysing all the results obtained from both analytical and numerical approach we can
clearly see that both of the values match each other. There is no error between them because there is little or
no difference between them. Some values in abaqus and Ansys deviate from the analytical approach it’s
because different softwares have different capability to solve. But this little error can be neglected as it does
not affect much practically. The analytical solution served as a standard against which the outcomes of
various software programmes that carried out frame analysis were evaluated. This made it possible to identify
any potential sources of frame analysis inaccuracy and evaluate the precision and dependability of each
software package's output. It can be said that either Ansys or abaqus are efficient to calculate results and work
comprehensively for solving frame structural analysis. As there is no error between the values so it depends
upon the skill of the design engineer to find out what is best for its use to perform structural frame analysis.
Both Ansys and abaqus use fea method to perform analysis so it depends upon the design engineer to find out
where to model frame for analysis between these two softwares. it depends upon the engineer that which skill
he has the best to perform analysis to get quicker results. This will save money and time for the company.

8 Conclusion:
In this lab report analysis of frame is performed to calculate displacements, rotations and reaction at nodes.
Both analytical and numerical approach was used for this purpose and there results were compared. It was
found out that both results are similar and have very less error. So it depends upon the engineer to use which
type of approach to solve frame analysis according to his skill.

9 References:
1. Costructor. What are the Types of frame structures? 2023; Available from:
https://theconstructor.org/structural-engg/types-frame-structures/35850/#:~:text=A%20Frame
%20structure%20is%20a,due%20to%20the%20applied%20loading.
2. simscale. What Is FEA | Finite Element Analysis? 2023; Available from:
https://www.simscale.com/docs/simwiki/fea-finite-element-analysis/what-is-fea-finite-element-
analysis/.