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Chapter 1

This document provides an introduction and outline for a course on fiber optic communications. The course will cover topics such as optical fibers, transmitters, receivers, lightwave systems, multichannel systems, loss management, and dispersion management. Students will be evaluated based on assignments, a midterm exam, and a final exam. Inspiring images are also provided showing the evolution of electrical communication and fiber optic technology over time.

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Alene tesfaw
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© © All Rights Reserved
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5 views

Chapter 1

This document provides an introduction and outline for a course on fiber optic communications. The course will cover topics such as optical fibers, transmitters, receivers, lightwave systems, multichannel systems, loss management, and dispersion management. Students will be evaluated based on assignments, a midterm exam, and a final exam. Inspiring images are also provided showing the evolution of electrical communication and fiber optic technology over time.

Uploaded by

Alene tesfaw
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 1

Introduction to Fiber Optic


Communications
Fekadu Mihret (PhD)
Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Bahir Dar University –Institute of Technology
Course Contents
1. Optical Fibers
2. Optical Transmitters
3. Optical Receivers Text Books:
4. Lightwave Systems 1. Govind P. Agarwal , Fiber Optic
Communication Systems, Wiley, 5th edition,
5. Multichannel Systems 2021.
6. Loss Management 2. Gerd Keiser, Fiber Optic Communications,
Springer Verlag, 1 st edition, 2022.
7. Dispersion Management
(Complete course outline will be updated on course website).
*Evaluation: Assignments (25%), Mid-exam (25%), Final exam (50%)
Note: evaluation method may change depending on the current
situations in our region!
Some Real World Inspiring Images
Major milestones in Electrical
Communication
• 1838 – Samuel F.B. Morse invented Telegraphy
• 1866 – first transatlantic telegraph cable
• 1876 – Alexander Graham Bell invented
Telephone
• 1905 – Triode based Electronic amplifier
• 1940 – first coaxial-cable system (3 MHz – 3,000 voice channels
or ONE television channel)
• 1948 – first microwave system (4 GHz)
• 1975 – the most advanced coaxial system with a bit rate of 274
Mb/s

4
Advantages of Optical Fiber Communication
(Fiber Optics)
• Very high bandwidth (10 - 500 GHz, typ.)
• Very low attenuation (lowest 0.16 dB/km)
• Immune to EMI
• Data security (almost impossible to tap information)
• Lower system cost (fewer repeaters due to low attenuation of
fibers)
• Small size and low weight
• Very low Bit Error Rate ( < 10-10 typically)
History of Optical Fiber Communications
• 1966 – suggestion to use optical fiber (Kao &
Hockham)
• 1970 – Corning Glass optical fiber with 20 dB/km
near 1 μm
• 1970 - Semiconductor Laser with CW operation
at room temp.
• 1980 onwards – wide spread use of Optical
Fiber Communication using SMF and MMF
• 1990 – used Optical amplification (for increased repeater
spacing) and Wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM)
for increased data rate.
– Resulted in a data rate of 10 Tb/s by 2001.
6
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Evolution of Lightwave Systems

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International undersea network of fiber-optic communication systems around
2016

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Optical Wavelength Bands
(Electromagnetic Energy Spectrum )

Speed of Propagation:
c = λv

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Designations of spectral bands used for optical fiber communications

11
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Optical Windows and Spectral Bands

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Basic Elements of Optical Fiber Systems

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Basic Concepts

• Common to all communication systems:


▪ Analog and digital signals
▪ Channel multiplexing
▪ Modulation formats

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Analog and digital signals

Fig: Three steps of (a) sampling, (b) quantization,


Fig: Representation of and (c) coding required for converting an analog
(a) an analog signal and (b) a digital signal signal into a binary digital signal 16
Modulation Formats

Fig: (a) An electrical bit stream and the resulting electric field patterns when it is converted to optical 17
domain using (b) ASK, (c) FSK, (d) PSK modulation formats
Channel Multiplexing

Fig: Basic concept of wavelength


Fig: (a) Time-division multiplexing of five digital voice division multiplexing
channels operating at 64 kb/s; (b) frequency division
multiplexing of three analog signals 18
Fig: Digital transmission hierarchies used in the (a) North American and (b) European-
19
based telephone networks

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