9 Force and Laws of Motion - Solutions

GURUKUL HIGH SCHOOL ROLL NO:
CHAPTER 2: FORCE AND LAWS OF MOTION

SOLUTION KEY
1. When the bullet strikes the glass pane, the part of the glass pane which comes in contact with the
bullet immediately shares the large velocity of bullet and makes a hole, while the remaining part of
the glass remains at rest and is therefore not smashed due to inertia of rest. But when a slow moving
stone strikes the same glass pane, the various parts of the glass pane gets enough time to share the
velocity of the stone, and the glass is smashed.
2. When we walk on the ground or road, our foot pushes the ground backward (action) and the ground
pushes our foot forward (reaction). Thus, the forward reaction exerted by the ground on our foot
makes us walk forward.
3. A fast moving cricket ball has a large momentum. In stopping or catching this ball, its momentum
has reduced to be zero. Now, when a cricket player moves back his hands on catching the fast ball,
then the time taken to reduce the momentum of ball to zero is increased. Due to more time taken to
stop the ball, the rate of change of momentum of ball is decreased and hence a small force is exerted
on the hands of player. So, the hands of player do not get hurt.
4. According to conservation of momentum, the rifle recoils with same momentum as that of bullet. As
momentum = mass X velocity; so light rifle will recoil with larger velocity and hence, will hurt the
shoulder more.
5. The various forces acting on the stone are:
 The gravitational force exerted by the earth which pulls the stone downwards.
 The force of reaction exerted by the ground on the stone vertically upwards.
 The force of pushing exerted by the boy.
 The force of friction exerted by the stone.
6.
Page 1 of 4 SCIENCE GRADE 9

7. .
8. The velocity-time graph shows that the velocity of the ball at t = 0 is zero. Initial velocity of ball,
u=0
Velocity of ball at t = 4 s is 20 ms-1
That is, final velocity, v = 20 ms-1
Time, t = 4 s
∴ Acceleration of the ball, a = (v−u)/t
9.

10. In this problem, force, F = 12 N

Mass, m = 3 kg
We know that F = m × a,
Putting the given values, we have
12 = 3 × a
a = 12/3 m/ s2
or, Acceleration, a = 4 m/s2.
11. Mass of a cracker, m = 100 g = 100/1000 kg = 0·1 kg.
Initially, cracker is at rest, i.e. ,u = 0
Therefore, initial momentum of the cracker = mu = 0
After explosion, mass of each piece = 0⋅1/2 kg = 0·05 kg
∴ m1 = 0·05 kg and m2 = 0·05 kg
Let, v1 = velocity of first piece
v2 = velocity of second piece Momentum of cracker after explosion = m1v1 + m2v2
= 0·05 v1 + 0·05 v2
Applying law of conservation of momentum
0·05 v1 + 0·05 v2 = 0 or v1 = -v2
The negative sign shows that v1 and v2 are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction.
Thus, two pieces of the cracker fly in opposite directions with same speed.
12. Here, initial velocity of sphere, u = 0
Distance travelled, s = 10 m
Acceleration of sphere, a = 9.8 ms-2
Final velocity of sphere when it just reaches the ground can be calculated using
v2 – u2 = 2as
or, v2 – 0 = 2 × 9·8 ms-2 × 10 m = 196 m2s-2
or, v = √196 = 14 ms-1
Momentum of the sphere just before it touches the ground = mv
= 1 kg × 14 ms– 1 = 14 kg ms-1
On reaching the ground, the iron sphere comes to rest, so its final momentum is equal to zero
according to the law of conservation of momentum.
Momentum transferred to the ground = Momentum of the sphere just before it comes to rest = 14 kg
ms-1.
13. Here, m = 0.4 kg, u = 10 m/s
Initial momentum of the ball = mu = 0.4 × 10 = 4 kg m/s At the highest point, velocity of ball is zero,
So momentum of the ball = 0 × 4 × 0 = 0
14. Here, m1 = 2 kg , a1 = 5 ms-2, m2 = 4 kg, a2 = 2 ms-2
F1 = m1a1 = 2 × 5 = 10N
F2 = m2a2 = 4 × 2 = 8 N
F1 > F2
Thus, accelerating a 2 kg mass at 5 ms-2 acceleration would require a greater force.
15. For bullet: m1 = 20g = 0.02 kg,
u1 = 0 ms-1, v1 = + 150 ms-1
[By convention, the direction of bullet is taken from left to right (positive)]
For pistol: m2 = 2kg, u2 = 0 ms-1,
Total momenta of the pistol and bullet before the fire
= m1u1 + m2u2
= 0.02 kg × 0 ms-1 + 2kg × 0 ms-1
= 0 kg ms-1
Total momenta of the pistol and bullet after the fire

= m1v1 + m2v2
= 0.02 kg × (+ 150 ms-1) + 2kg + v2 ms-1
= (3+ 2v2) kg ms-1
According to the law of conservation of momentum,
Total momenta after the fire = Total momenta before the fire
3 + 2v2 = 0
⇒ 2v2 = – 3
⇒ v2 = —1.5 ms-1
Negative sign indicates that the direction in which the pistol would recoil is opposite to that of bullet
(right to left).
Total momenta of the pistol and bullet before the fire
= m1u1 + m2u2
= 0.02 kg × 0 ms-1 + 2 kg × 0 ms-1
= 0 kg ms-1
Total momenta of the pistol and bullet after the fire = m1v1 + m2v2
= 0.02kg × (+150ms-1) + 2kg + v2 ms-1
= (3 + 2v2)kg ms-1
According to the law of conservation of momentum, we have
Total momenta after the fire = Total momenta before the fire
3 + 2v2 = 0
⇒ 2v2 = – 3
⇒ v2 = – 1.5 ms-1
Negative sign indicates that the direction in which the pistol would recoil is opposite to that of bullet
(right to left).
16. Suppose the velocity of the boy on the cart, as the cart starts moving is v.
∴ The total momenta of the boy and cart before the interaction
= 40 kg × 5 ms-1 + 3 kg × 0 ms-1
= 200 kg ms-1
Also, the total momenta after the interaction
= (40 + 3) kg × v ms-1
= 43v kg ms-1
As per the law of conservation of momentum, the total momentum is conserved during the
interaction.
In other words,
43 v = 200
or, v = 200/43 = 4.65 ms-1
Thus, the boy on cart would move with a velocity of 4.65 ms-1 in the direction in which the boy
jumped onto the cart.

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GURUKUL HIGH SCHOOL ROLL NO:

CHAPTER 2: FORCE AND LAWS OF MOTION

Page 1 of 4 SCIENCE GRADE 9

Page 2 of 4 SCIENCE GRADE 9

10. In this problem, force, F = 12 N

Total momenta of the pistol and bullet after the fire

Page 4 of 4 SCIENCE GRADE 9

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