NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.

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Designation: C1036 − 16

Standard Specification for

Flat Glass1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1036; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.

1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for annealed, 3.1 Definitions—For additional definitions of terms, refer to
monolithic flat soda-lime glass supplied as cut sizes or stock Terminology C162.
sheets. 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.2 This specification is applicable for laboratory and field 3.2.1 associated distortion, n—alteration of viewed images
evaluation only to the extent that such evaluation can be carried caused by variations in glass flatness or inhomogeneous
out in accordance with the test method(s) prescribed herein. portions within the glass.
1.3 This specification covers the quality requirements of 3.2.2 bevel, n—angled surface at the edge of a lite of glass.
flat, transparent, clear, and tinted glass. This glass is intended
3.2.3 blemish, n—imperfection in the body or on the surface
to be used primarily for architectural glazing products includ-
of the glass; for the purpose of this specification, blemishes are
ing: coated glass, insulating glass units, laminated glass,
divided into two categories:
mirrors, spandrel glass, or similar uses.
iTeh Standards
NOTE 1—Reflective distortion is not addressed in this specification. 3.2.3.1 linear blemish, n—scratches, rubs, digs, and other
similar imperfections, which may be straight or curved in
1.4 This specification covers the quality requirements of
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patterned or wired glasses intended to be used primarily for
decorative and general glazing applications.
nature.
measured
If curved, the length of such a blemish is to be
from end to end along the curve.

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1.5 The values given in SI units are to be regarded as the
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
3.2.3.2 point blemish, n—crush, knots, dirt, stones, gaseous
inclusions, and other similar imperfections.
only. 3.2.4 bow, n—a condition in which a lite of flat glass departs
1.6 This standard does not purport to addressASTM from
C1036-16
all of the a true plane.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 3.2.5 chip depth, n—measured distance of a chip from the
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responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- face of the glass into the thickness.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- 3.2.6 chip length , n—maximum distance parallel to the
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. edge of the glass from one edge of a chip to the other.
2. Referenced Documents 3.2.7 chip width, n—maximum perpendicular distance from
2.1 ASTM Standards: 2 the edge of the glass to the inner edge of the chip.
C162 Terminology of Glass and Glass Products 3.2.8 clear glass, n—glass formulated to have transmittance
2.2 NFRC Standard:3 in the visible spectrum greater than 82 % (reference to NFRC
NFRC 300 Test Method for Determining the Solar Optical 300 measurement method) at a standard thickness of 6 mm
Properties of Glazing Materials and Systems (1⁄4 in.) with lack of color as compared to tinted glass of the
same thickness.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C14 on Glass
and Glass Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C14.08 on Flat
3.2.9 crush, n—pitted condition with a dull appearance.
Glass. 3.2.10 cut size, n—glass ordered cut to its final intended
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2016. Published November 2016. Originally
ε1 size.
approved in 1985. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as C1036 – 11 . DOI:
10.1520/C1036-16. 3.2.11 dig, n—a deep scratch in the glass surface.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [email protected]. For Annual Book of ASTM 3.2.12 dirt, n—small particle of foreign matter embedded in
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the surface of flat glass.
the ASTM website.
3
National Fenestration Rating Council, 84884 Georgia Ave., Suite 320, Silver 3.2.13 fire crack, n—small, sometimes microscopic fissure
Spring, MD 20910. in the edge of wired or patterned glass.

Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States

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 C1036 − 16
3.2.14 flare, n—protrusion on the glass edge or corner of an TABLE 1 Type I, Class 1 and 2 Quality and Use
otherwise rectangular surface. Quality Typical Use
Quality-Q1 Production of high-quality mirrors.
3.2.15 gaseous inclusion, n—round or elongated bubble in (cut-size or
the glass. stock sheets)A

3.2.16 knot, n—inhomogeneity in the form of a vitreous Quality-Q2 Production of general use mirrors and
lump. (cut-size or other applications.
stock sheets)
3.2.17 line, n—fine cords or string, usually on the surface of
Quality-Q3 Production of architectural glass
flat glass. (cut-size or products including coated, heat treated,
3.2.18 low iron glass, n—glass formulated to have transmit- stock sheets) laminated, and other select glass
products.
tance in the visible spectrum higher than that of clear glass of
the same thickness. Quality-Q4 General glazing applications.
(cut-size or
3.2.19 patterned glass, n—rolled flat glass having a pattern stock sheets)
on one or both surfaces. A
For Class 2 Tinted, there is no Quality Q1 available
3.2.20 ream, n—linear distortion as a result of non- 4.1.2 Type II—Patterned and Wired Flat Glass Class
homogeneous layers of flat glass. 1—Clear, or Class 2—Tinted:
3.2.21 rub, n—abrasion of a glass surface producing a TABLE 2 Type II, Class 1 and 2 Quality and Use
frosted appearance. Quality Typical Use
Quality-Q5 Applications in which design and
3.2.22 scratch, n—an abrasion of a glass surface in the form aesthetic characteristics are major
of a curved line, a straight line, or both. considerations.

3.2.23 shell chip, n—circular indentation in the glass edge Quality-Q6 Applications in which functional
as a result of breakage of a small fragment. characteristics are a consideration and
blemishes are not a major concern.

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3.2.24 stock sheets, n—glass ordered in sizes intended to be
cut to create final or cut size (that is, uncuts, intermediates, Form
Form 1
Description
Wired glass, polished both sides

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jumbos, and lehr ends).
Form 2 Wired glass, patterned surfaces
3.2.25 stone, n—crystalline inclusion in glass.

from slow solution of a large grain ofDocument

sand or foreign material. Preview
Form 3 Patterned glass
3.2.26 string, n—straight or curled line, usually resulting
Finish Description
Finish 1 (F1) Patterned one side
3.2.27 tinted glass, n—glass formulated to have a uniform
ASTM
color throughout the glass, with the purpose of reducing C1036-16
glare Finish 2 (F2) Patterned both sides
(visible transmittance), solar heat gain, or visible/ultraviolet
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(UV) transmittance.
Mesh
Mesh 1 (M1)
Description
Diamond

3.2.28 v-chip, n—v-shaped imperfection in the edge of the Mesh 2 (M2) Square
glass lite.
Mesh 3 (M3) Parallel strand
3.2.29 vision interference angle, n—viewing angle at which
distortion in transmission first appears (see Fig. 2). Mesh 4 (M4) Special

3.2.30 wired glass, n—flat glass with a layer of wire mesh Pattern Description
Pattern 1 (P1) Linear
embedded in the glass.
Pattern 2 (P2) Geometric
4. Classification and Intended Use
Pattern 3 (P3) Random
NOTE 2—When referencing this specification, the user shall indicate the
title and date of the specification, and the type, class, quality (including Pattern 4 (P4) Special
cut-size or stock sheets), size, and thickness of the glass.
5. Requirements
4.1 Types, Classes, Forms, Qualities, and Finishes—Glass
shall be of the following types, classes, forms, qualities, and 5.1 Requirements for Type I (Transparent Flat Glass):
finishes, as specified: 5.1.1 Edge Requirements—Edges of glass shall be supplied
4.1.1 Type I—Transparent Flat Glass: Class 1—Clear, or as specified:
Class 2—Tinted: NOTE 3—Glass edges are typically supplied as factory cut. Optional

2
 C1036 − 16
edge work can be specified as seamed, ground, polished, beveled, mitered, Table 10. Check with the manufacturer for thickness and
or other, as arranged with the manufacturer. See manufacturer’s literature dimensional tolerances on random Pattern P3 and special
for more information.
Pattern P4.
5.1.1.1 Shell Chips—Shell chips are permitted within the 5.2.2.2 Blemishes—Allowable blemishes are addressed in
requirements shown in Table 3, as long as there are no Section 6 and in Table 11.
associated cracks, detectable without magnification, as viewed 5.2.2.3 Patterned glass shall not contain visible fire cracks.
from the edge.
5.2.2.4 Surface Pattern:
5.1.1.2 V-Chips—Visible V-chips are not permitted. (See (1) Quality Q5—Surface pattern shall be clear, sharp,
6.1.1 for viewing criteria.) defined, and free of obvious disfiguration that affects the
5.1.2 Dimensional Tolerances—Tolerances for length, appearance of the pattern.
width, squareness, and thickness for rectangular shapes shall be (2) Quality Q6—Surface pattern shall be free of large areas
in accordance with Table 4. Nonrectangular shapes shall use of blemishes. Scattered areas of non-uniform surface and
the same thickness tolerances in Table 4. For linear straight line scattered surface blemishes are permissible.
dimensions of nonrectangular shapes, the length and width
requirements in Table 4 shall be used. For curvilinear dimen- NOTE 5—Patterned glass can vary slightly in both configuration and
color from run to run. Glass edge requirements stated in this standard do
sions of nonrectangular shapes, tolerances shall be as agreed not apply to Type II glass.
upon by the involved parties.
5.1.3 Blemishes—Allowable blemishes are addressed in 6. Test Methods
Section 6 and in Tables 5-7.
6.1 Test Methods for Type I Glass (Transparent Flat Glass):
NOTE 4—In addition to the point blemishes allowed in accordance with
6.1.1 Viewing Conditions for Blemish Detection—All visual
Table 5, rejectable point blemishes are allowed in Stock Sheets up to the
limits shown in Table 6. inspections shall be made with 20/20 vision (naked eye or
corrected). View samples in the vertical position at the distance
5.1.4 Uniformity—For glass with a thickness of 6 mm (1⁄4 as specified in the sections following. The viewer shall be
in.) or less, the glass shall not vary in thickness more than 0.1 positioned perpendicular to the glass surface (Fig. 1) using the
iTeh Standards
mm (0.004 in.) over a 100 mm (4 in.) length.
5.1.5 Distortion—Reams, strings, lines, and other allowable
following lighting unless otherwise specified: daylight (with-
out direct sunlight) or other uniform diffused background

Table 8. (https://standards.iteh.ai)
distortion (in transmission) are addressed in Section 6 and lighting that simulates daylight, with a minimum luminance of
1700 lux (160 foot-candles) measured at the center of the glass

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5.1.6 Squareness—The squareness requirements for cut surface.
glass are shown in 6.1.4 and Table 4. 6.1.1.1 Blemish Detection for Point Blemish (Knots, Dirt,
5.2 Requirements for Type II (Patterned and Wired Flat Stones, Crush, Gaseous Inclusions, and Other Similar
Glass): Blemishes)—Samples shall be viewed from a distance of
ASTM C1036-16approximately 1 m (39 in.). If blemishes are detected, refer to
5.2.1 Wired (Forms 1 and 2):
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5.2.1.1 Form 1 (Polished Both Sides)—Glass may contain
Tables 5 and 6 for evaluation criteria.
6.1.1.2 Point Blemish Measurement—Point blemish size
waviness that does not interfere with vision normal to the
shall be determined by measuring the maximum length and
surface.
maximum perpendicular width of the blemish and calculating
5.2.1.2 Form 1 & 2 (Patterned One or Both Sides)—Glass the average of the two dimensions. The allowable blemish
shall not contain visible fire cracks. sizes listed in Table 5 include associated distortion for Q1 and
5.2.1.3 Dimensional Tolerances—Tolerance for length, Q2, but do not include associated distortion for Q3 and Q4.
width, and thickness shall be in accordance with Table 9. 6.1.1.3 Detection for Linear Blemishes (Scratches, Rubs,
5.2.1.4 Wire and Mesh—Diameter of wires shall be from Digs, and Other Similar Blemishes)—Samples shall be viewed
0.43 to 0.64 mm (0.017 to 0.025 in.). Discoloration and slight at the detection distance of 3.3 m (130 in.). The inspection shall
distortion of wire are permissible. Wired glass may contain then progress sequentially to each of the shorter distances for
numerous gaseous inclusions along the wire. other applicable blemish intensities listed in Table 12. Any
(1) Mesh M1, diamond shall be welded. Opening in the blemishes detected from these distances shall be compared
mesh shall not exceed 32 mm (11⁄4 in.) between wire intersec- with the length and separation criteria for allowable blemishes
tions measured across diagonal corners of the diamond. given in Table 7.
(2) Mesh M2, square shall be welded. Opening in the mesh 6.1.1.4 Blemish Distribution—Separation between blem-
shall not exceed 16 mm (5⁄8 in.) between wire intersections ishes shall be determined by measuring the distance between
measured along a side of the square. the two closest points of the blemishes. For blemish size ranges
(3) Mesh M3, parallel strand, spacing shall be as specified. with different separation distance criteria, the minimum sepa-
(4) Mesh M4, as specified. ration distance is determined by the minimum separation
5.2.2 Patterned (Form 3): distance required for the larger of the two blemishes. Blem-
5.2.2.1 Dimensional Tolerances—Finishes F1 and F2, Pat- ishes in size ranges that are allowed without separation
terns P1, P2, P3, and P4—Tolerances for Patterns P1 and P2 distance criteria shall not be compared with those that have
for length, width, and thickness shall be in accordance with separation criteria.

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 C1036 − 16
6.1.2 Ream, Strings, Lines, and Distortion—(See Fig. 2.) 6.2.2 Dimensional Measurements—To measure the length
Place sample, with the direction of the draw oriented vertically, and width of cut size and stock sheets of flat glass, measure the
at a distance of approximately 4.5 m (15 ft) from a zebra board perpendicular distance from edge to edge, including flares and
with a measured illumination of 215 lux (20 foot-candles) bevels. Measurements, including length, width, and thickness
minimum with 25-mm (1-in.) black-and-white diagonal shall meet the tolerance requirements of Table 9 or Table 10, or
stripes. Start with the glass sample parallel with the zebra both.
board (identified as 0°) and perpendicular with the viewer’s 6.2.3 Point Blemish Measurement—Point blemish size shall
line of sight. Rotate the specimen clockwise from zero until it be determined by measuring the maximum length and maxi-
reaches the angle at which the distortion appears and report that mum perpendicular width of the blemish and calculating the
angle as the vision interference angle. Refer to Table 8 for average of the two dimensions. The allowable blemish sizes
evaluation criteria. If the direction of draw cannot be listed in Table 11 do not include associated distortion. Glass
determined, then the sample shall also be viewed turning the shall be viewed at distance of 1.5 m (59 in.) normal to the glass
sample 90° and evaluated as stated above. The lower of the two surface with the light source approximating diffused daylight at
interference angles measured shall be used to compare to the 3 m (118 in.) behind the glass (see Fig. 1).
evaluation criteria in Table 8. 6.2.4 Solar/Optical Properties—For patterned and wired
6.1.3 Dimensional Measurements—To measure the length glass, consult with the manufacturer when the solar and optical
and width of cut size and stock sheets of flat glass, measure the properties are required.
perpendicular distance from edge to edge, including flares and 6.2.5 Measuring the Thickness of Patterned Glass—The
bevels. Measurements, including length, width, and thickness, thickness of patterned glass shall be determined by measuring
shall meet the tolerance requirements of Table 4. high point to high point to the precision and accuracy in Table
6.1.4 Squareness Measurement—After measuring the length 10, using a measuring device with 19-mm (3⁄4-in.) diameter or
and width for compliance with dimensional tolerance, measure greater contact surfaces. As an alternate method, the thickness
the length of both diagonals (corner to corner). The difference may be measured using two bars with flat and parallel surfaces
in length between the two diagonals (D1–D2) shall not exceed 75 mm (3 in.) long or greater × 6 mm (0.25 in.) wide or greater
the limits set forth in Table 4. × 6 mm (0.25 in.) thick or greater.
iTeh Standards
6.1.5 Solar/Optical Properties—If specified, the reflectance
7. Package Marking
and transmittance of glass are to be determined in accordance

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with NFRC 300. 7.1 Each package of glass shall be identified by the manu-
facturer and include the manufacturer’s name or trademark,
6.2 Test Methods for Type II Glass (Wired or Patterned nominal thickness, glass description, date of manufacture or

6.2.1 Associated Distortion andDocument

Blemish Appraisal— Preview
Glass): date of final packaging, and place of manufacture.
8. Keywords
Because of the variety of uses of patterned and wired glass,
specific inspection guidelines are beyond the scope of this 8.1 architectural glass; clear glass; flat glass; glazing; low
ASTM
specification. Check with the manufacturer for more C1036-16
informa- iron glass; patterned glass; tinted glass; transparent glass; wired
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tion. glass

FIG. 1 Viewing Conditions for Blemish Detection

4
 C1036 − 16

FIG. 2 Vision Interference Angle Procedure

TABLE 3 Allowable Shell Chip Size and Distribution for Cut Size and Stock Sheet Qualities of Type 1—Transparent Flat Glass
Description
Chip depth iTeh Standards
Q1
Chip depth # 25 %
of glass thickness
Q2
Chip depth # 50 %
of glass thickness
Q3
Chip depth # 50 %
of glass thickness
Q4
Chip depth # 50 %
of glass thickness

Chip widthA (https://standards.iteh.ai)

Chip width # 25 %
of glass thickness
Chip width # 50 %
of glass thickness
Chip width #
glass thickness
Not limited

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or 1.6 mm (1⁄16 in.) or 1.6 mm (1⁄16 in.) or 6 mm (1⁄4 in.)
whichever is greater whichever is greater whichever is greater

Chip lengthA Chip length # 2 Chip length # 2 Chip length # 2 Not limited
times the chip width times the chip width times the chip width
A ASTM C1036-16
For stock sheets, there is no limit for chip width and length.
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 C1036 − 16
TABLE 4 Dimensional Tolerances for Rectangular Shapes of Type 1—Transparent Flat Glass
Nominal Designation Thickness Range Length and Width ToleranceA Squareness (D1–D2)
SI Traditional mm in. Cut Size Stock Sheet Cut Size Stock Sheet
DesignationB Designation
mm min max min max ± mm (± in.) ± mm (± in.) mm (in.) mm (in.)
1.0 micro- 0.79 1.24 0.031 0.049 1.6 (⁄ )1 16 6.4 (⁄)
14 2.0 (⁄ )5 64 3.0 (1⁄8)
slide

1.5 photo 1.27 1.78 0.05 0.07 1.6 (1⁄16) 6.4 (1⁄4) 2.0 (5⁄64) 3.0 (1⁄8)

2 picture 1.80 2.13 0.071 0.084 1.6 (1⁄16) 6.4 (1⁄4) 2.0 (5⁄64) 3.0 (1⁄8)

2.5 single 2.16 2.57 0.085 0.101 1.6 (1⁄16) 6.4 (1⁄4) 2.0 (5⁄64) 3.0 (1⁄8)

2.7 lami 2.59 2.90 0.102 0.114 1.6 (1⁄16) 6.4 (1⁄4) 2.0 (5⁄64) 3.0 (1⁄8)

3C double, 2.92 3.40 0.115 0.134 1.6 (1⁄16) 6.4 (1⁄4) 2.0 (5⁄64) 3.0 (1⁄8)
1⁄8 in.

4 ⁄
5 32 in. 3.78 4.19 0.149 0.165 1.6 (1⁄16) 6.4 (1⁄4) 2.0 (5⁄64) 3.0 (1⁄8)

5 ⁄
3 16 in. 4.57 5.05 0.18 0.199 1.6 (1⁄16) 6.4 (1⁄4) 2.0 (5⁄64) 3.0 (1⁄8)

6 ⁄ in.
14 5.56 6.20 0.219 0.244 1.6 (1⁄16) 6.4 (1⁄4) 2.0 (5⁄64) 3.0 (1⁄8)

8 ⁄
5 16 in. 7.42 8.43 0.292 0.332 2.0 (5⁄64) 6.4 (1⁄4) 2.8 (7⁄64) 6.0 (1⁄4)

10 ⁄ in.
38 9.02 10.31 0.355 0.406 2.4 (3⁄32) 6.4 (1⁄4) 3.4 ( 1⁄ 8) 6.0 (1⁄4)

12 ⁄ in.
12 11.91 13.49 0.469 0.531 3.2 (1⁄8) 6.4 ( 1⁄ 4) 4.5 (11⁄64) 10.0 (3⁄8)

16 ⁄ in.
58 15.09 16.66 0.595 0.656 4.0 (5⁄32) 6.4 (1⁄4) 5.7 (7⁄32) 12.0 (1⁄2)

19 ⁄ in.
34 18.26 iTeh Standards
19.84 0.719 0.781 4.8 (3⁄16) 6.4 (1⁄4) 6.8 ( 1⁄ 4) 14.0 (9⁄16)

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22 ⁄ in.
78 21.44 23.01 0.844 0.906 5.6 (7⁄32) 6.4 (1⁄4) 7.9 (19⁄64) 16.0 (5⁄8)

25 1 in. 24.61 26.19 0.969 1.031 6.4 (1⁄4) 6.4 ( 1⁄ 4) 9.0 (11⁄32) 18.0 (3⁄4)

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A
Length and width of cut size and stock sheets of flat glass include flares and bevels.
B
These designations apply only to ASTM International and may not reflect other international standards.
C
Within the 3.0 designation there are some applications that may require different thickness ranges such as DST. (Typical minimum thickness for DST is 0.120 in.)

ASTM C1036-16
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