The Copperbelt University School of Engineering Department of Mechanical Engineering TEST 1 Course Name : TRIBOLOGY ‘Course Code + EM 560/531 - MPIKA CAMPUS. Date + 24/03/2023 Instruetions : There are Three (3) Questions{Answer ALL Questions All questions carry equal marks (20 Marks Each) Duration 145 Min juestton O) Answer the following questions; Explain what the Specific Film thickness parameter is and its significance in Tribology (2 Marks] ~ Explain how you can measure the surface roughness of a tribo-pair. What equipment do you use to measure surface roughness? 13 Marks] Explain three reasons that have distinguish Tribology from Lubrication Engineering and made it more suecessfil in solving tribological problems (3 Marks] Tribology deals with at least three broad areas to solve tribological problems. List and explain these. pulpvitenavt, prichinn ancl eater B Explain the phenomenon called Junction Growth? State ways 2 this phenomenon, State the three classical laws of Dry Friction and who po! situations in which any of these laws fail to hold.Ghost bought brand new carom Toyo-Zam. Sho was todo ensure hat she must tum he Vehicle for frst service at 1000km instead of the normal rmileage of 10,000km otherwise she'd lose the 5 year warrenty. a. Explain wt the new vil had to have an eary service at 1000km intend of the normal 10,000km service. (2 Mark] bbe What would heppen ifshe did not have the veice serviced at 1000km but instead returned itfor (2 Mark] — service at 10,000km or more? Question TWO “The diagram below show the performance of lubricating ols used ina boundary lubrication regime. Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow. @ r Fig,1: Change in coefficient of friction on tribo-pairs with temperature using some oils. [ay Explain three things (contons and atbuts of oi) to happen ‘ay Explain thee thing (conitons and atibutes of of tat would enable chemi-soption to occur {3 mats] Inthe diagram above Explain why the tribo-pairs using paraffin oi exhibit the hi friction as compared to the other lubricants, (2 marks “dy Explain why tribo-pairs using fay aid start with low fetion which a sudden inerease in friction occurs. ‘ oa that would enable physi-sorption [3 marks} +5) Duncanovich decided to investigate the pe markets of Mpika. One particular Oil oils called “Mafuta D” is popular amfaxi vehicles. It only costs ZMW160 per 5 Litre as compared to a known fully synthetic oil being blended ‘by a former CBU student called Kastro Edgy which costs ZMW 500 per SLitre. Samples of Mafuta D and Kastro Edgy were taken to a standard laboratory for Viscosity measurements and results are tabulated below; No. [OllType | Kinematic Viscosity at 40 Deg. | Kinematic Celsius -mmz/s (cSt) Viscosity at 100 Deg. Celsius - mm/s (€St) 1. | MafutaD | 3, 4", 5! and 6" digits of your SIN | 72 2 | Kestro Edgy [39.52 Ba An extract from the table ASTM D 2270 — 04 for Basic Values for L and H for Kinematic Viscosity in 40 to 100°C System is shown below. ‘Answer the following question p What is Viscosity Index (V.D. i Determine the V.I. of both oil samples using the information given. [6 Marl From your answers above, which oil would you recommend to be used in application where temperature variation is 2 , R Scanned with CamScanner@ Gi) > ON 9 Fig. 4: Tribo-pair under Friction Consider a normal Load, N, supported by a tribo-pair undergoing dry friction having 4 softer material (Cu) and a harder material, Iron (Fe) as shown in figure 3 above. Demonstrate that; a, Explain why the apparent area of contact is different from the actual area of contact, Which one is useful in tribology? [2 marks] «~ b. The coefficient of friction, p, is independent of the area of contact ‘between the tribo-pair. . [3 Marks] ~~ ¢. Given that the hardness of the softer material is (three last digits of your sin) kg/mm2 and the coefficient of friction p of the tribo-pairis TLL, determine the expected shear strength of the softer material in KiloPascals under these conditions. {3Marks] make fire by rubbing a stick onto a block of vo a Tribologist, explain how its possible to make fire this way? [5 Marks] -~ * ‘Suppose that instead of using a dry stick, one uses asteel rod, would tbe possible or easy to make fire? Explain your answer. [3 Marks] |. A CBU Student got lost in Kafue National park and Historically, Human Beings learnt to wood. Scanned with CamScanner‘4 SOME USEFUL FORMULAE L= 0.8353 ¥ + 14.67 y— 216 a) H= 0.1684 ¥ + 11.85 ¥— 97 2, ; VI = [((antilog N) — 1/0.00715] + 100 @ . N= (log H ~ log U)/ log ¥, @