GENERAL

MATHEMATICS
Representing Real-Life
Situations Using
Functions
OBJECTIVES:
1. recall the concepts of relations and
functions;
2. define and explain functional
relationship as a mathematical model of
situation; and
3. represent real-life situations using
functions, including piece-wise function.
A relation is any set of ordered pairs. The set of all
first elements of the ordered pairs is called the
domain of the relation, and the set of all second
elements is called the range.

A function is a relation or rule of correspondence

between two elements (domain and range) such that
each element in the domain corresponds to exactly
one element in the range.
Given the following ordered pairs,
which relations are functions?
A = {(1,2), (2,3), (3,4), (4,5)}
B = {(3,3), (4,4), (5,5), (6,6)}
C = {(1,0), (0, 1, (-1,0), (0,-1)}
D = {(a,b), (b, c), (c,d), (a,d)}
Table of Values

A.

B.

C.
A relation between two sets of numbers can be illustrated by graph in the
Cartesian plane, and that a function passes the vertical line test.

A graph of a relation is a function if any vertical line drawn passing through the
graph intersects it at exactly one point.
The Function Machine

Function can be illustrated as a machine where there is the input and the
output. When you put an object into a machine, you expect a product as output
after the process being done by the machine. For example, when you put an
orange fruit into a juicer, you expect an orange juice as the output and not a
grape juice. Or you will never expect to have two kinds of juices - orange and
grapes.
Functions can be represented by equation. Since output (y)
is dependent on input (x), we can say that y is a function of
x. For example, if a function machine always adds three (3)
to whatever you put in it.
A. If height (H) is a function of age (a), give a function H
that can represent the height of a person in a age, if
every year the height is added by 2 inches.
Ans: 𝑯 𝒂 = 𝟐 + 𝒂
B. If distance (D) is a function of time (t), give a function D
that can represent the distance a car travels in t time, if
every hour the car travels 60 kilometers.
Ans: 𝑫 𝒕 = 𝟔𝟎𝒕
Piecewise Functions
➢ is a function in which more than one formula is used to
define the output. Each formula has its own domain, and
the domain of the function is the union of all these
smaller domains. We notate this idea like this:

formula 1 if x is in domain 1
𝑓 𝑥 = formula 2 if x is in domain 2
formula 3 if x is in domain 3
Examples:
1. A user is charged ₱250.00 monthly for a particular mobile plan, which
includes 200 free text messages. Messages in excess of 200 are charged ₱1.00
each. Represent the monthly cost for text messaging using the function t(m),
where m is the number of messages sent in a month.

2. A certain chocolate bar costs ₱50.00 per piece. However, if you buy more
than 5 pieces they will mark down the price to ₱48.00 per piece. Use a
piecewise function to represent the cost in terms of the number of chocolate
bars bought.
3. The cost of hiring a catering service to serve food for a party is
₱250.00 per head for 50 persons or less, ₱200.00 per head for 51 to
100 persons, and ₱150.00 per head for more than 100. Represent
the total cost as a piecewise function of the number of attendees to
the party.
ACTIVITY 1
At home or in your community, look for the at least three (3)
situations that could represent functions. From the identified
situations, write a sample problem and its corresponding function
equation.

Example:
Situation: The budget for food is a function of the number of family
members.
Problem: Reyes family has Php ₱1,500.00 food budget for each
member of their family in a month. Express the total food budget (B)
as a function of number of family members (n) in one month.
Function: 𝐵(𝑥) = 1500𝑥
EVALUATING
FUNCTIONS
OBJECTIVES
1. recall the process of
substitution.
2. identify the various types of
functions.
3. evaluate functions.
Given the following expressions, find its value if x = 3.
1. 𝑥 − 9
2. 3𝑥 + 7
3. 𝑥 + 4𝑥 − 10
2

4. 2𝑥 − 6𝑥 + 26
2

5.3𝑥 − 6
2
Evaluating function is the process of
determining the value of the function at the
number assigned to a given variable. Just like in
evaluating algebraic expressions, to evaluate
function you just need to
a.) replace each letter in the expression with
the assigned value.
b.) perform the operations in the expression
using the correct order of operations.
Examples
1. 𝑓 𝑥 = 2𝑥 − 4, find the value of the
function if x = 3.
2
2. 𝑔 𝑥 = 3𝑥 + 7, find g(-3).
3. 𝑝 𝑥 = 3𝑥 + 5𝑥 − 2, find p(0) and p(-1).
2

4. 𝑓 𝑥 = 5𝑥 + 1, find 𝑓 ℎ + 1 .
5. 𝑔 𝑥 = 3𝑥 − 2, find g(9).
 3
6. 𝑓 𝑥 = 2 if 𝑥 =
𝑥
2
7. 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 − 2𝑥 + 2 at 𝑓 2𝑥 − 3 .
2
ACTIVITY 2
Evaluate the following functions. Write your answer
and complete solution on separate paper.
7 5
1. g 𝑥 = 2𝑥 + ; 𝑔 𝑥 −
4 3

2. Let 𝑓 𝑥 = 3𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 5. find the following:

3
a. 𝑓 b. 𝑓(𝑥 + 1)
4
c. 𝑓 𝑥 + 𝑓(2𝑥 − 1) d. 𝑓 2𝑥 2 − 𝑓 −3𝑥
Operations on
Functions
OBJECTIVES
1. define operations on functions
2. identify the different operations
on functions.
3. perform addition, subtraction,
multiplication, division, and
composition of functions
Definition. Let f and g be functions.
1.Their sum, denoted by 𝑓 + 𝑔 , is the function denoted by
𝒇+𝒈 𝒙 =𝒇 𝒙 +𝒈 𝒙 .
2. Their difference, denoted by 𝑓 − 𝑔, is the function denoted by
𝒇−𝒈 𝒙 =𝒇 𝒙 −𝒈 𝒙 .
3. Their product, denoted by 𝑓 • 𝑔, is the function denoted by
(𝑓 • 𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) • 𝑔(𝑥).
4. Their quotient, denoted by 𝑓/𝑔, is the function denoted by
(𝑓/𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥)/𝑔(𝑥), excluding the values of x where 𝑔(𝑥) = 0.
5. The composite function denoted by 𝒇 ∘ 𝒈 (𝒙)= 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥)). The
process of obtaining a composite function is called function
composition.
Example 1. Given the functions:
𝒇 𝒙 =𝒙+𝟓 𝒈 𝒙 = 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟏 𝒉 𝒙 = 𝟐𝒙𝟐 + 𝟗𝒙 − 𝟓

Determine the following functions:

a. (𝑓 + 𝑔)(𝑥) e. (𝑓 + 𝑔)(3)
b. (𝑓 − 𝑔)(𝑥) f. (𝑓 − 𝑔)(3)
c. (𝑓 • 𝑔(𝑥) g. (𝑓 • 𝑔(3)
ℎ ℎ
d. 𝑥 h. 3
𝑔 𝑔
Composition of functions:
Example 2. Given 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟓𝒙 + 𝟔 and 𝒉 𝒙 = 𝒙 + 𝟐

Find the following:

a. (𝑓 ∘ ℎ)(𝑥)
b. 𝑓 ∘ ℎ 4
c. ℎ ∘ 𝑓 𝑥
To evaluate composition of function, always start with the inside
function (from right to left). In this case, we first evaluated ℎ(4) and
then substituted the resulted value to 𝑓(𝑥).
ACTIVITY 3
A. Given 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒙 + 𝟏 and 𝒈 𝒙 = 𝒙 − 𝒙 − 𝟐,
𝟐

find the following:

a. (𝑓 + 𝑔)(𝑥)
b. (𝑓 − 𝑔)(𝑥)
c. (𝑓 • 𝑔(𝑥)
𝑓
d. 𝑥
𝑔
e. 𝑓 ∘ 𝑔 𝑥
B. Let 𝒑 𝒙 = 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟓𝒙 − 𝟑 , 𝒎 𝒙 = 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟏, and
𝟐
𝒙+𝟏
𝒉 𝒙 = Find:
𝒙−𝟐

1. 𝑚 − 𝑝 𝑥
2. 𝑝 5 + 𝑚 3 − ℎ(1)
𝑚(𝑥)
3.
𝑝(𝑥)
4. 𝑝(𝑥 + 1)
5. 𝑝 3 − 3(𝑚(2)
 Thank you
and
God bless you all!