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CS Booklet

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14 views

CS Booklet

Uploaded by

pak.anderson0000
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
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Pseudocode command set Questions in the written examination that involve code will use this pseudocode for clarity and consistancy. However, students may answer questions using any valid method, Data types INTEGER REAL BOOLEAN ‘CHARACTER Type coercion Type coercion is automatic if indicated by context. For example 3 + 8.25 = 1125 (integer + real = real) Mixed mode arithmeticis coerced like this: INTEGER REAL INTEGER INTEGER REAL REAL REAL REAL Coercion can be made explicit. For example, RECEIVE age FROM (INTEGER) KEYBOARD assumes that the input from the keyboard is interpreted as an INTEGER, not a STRING. Constants ‘The value of constants can only ever be set once. They are identified by the keyword CONST. Two examples of using a canstant are shown, ‘CONST REAL PI SET PITO 3.14159 SET circumference TO radius * PI* 2 Data structures ARRAY STRING Indices start at zero (0) for all data structures. All data structures have an append operator, indicated by & Using & with a STRING and a nan-STRING will coerce to STRING. For example, SEND ‘Fred’ age TO DISPLAY, will display a single STRING of Fradi8" Identifiers Identifiers are sequences of letters, digits and’ MyValue, myValue, My Value, Counter2 starting with a letter, for example: Functions LENGTHO For data structures consisting of an array or string. RANDOMIn) This generates a random number from 0 to n, ‘Comments ‘Comments are indicated by the # symbol, followed by any text. ‘Acomment can be on a line by itself or at the end of a line. Devices, Use of KEYBOARD and DISPLAY are suitable for input and output. ‘Additional devices may be required, but their function will be obvious from the context. For example, CARD_READER and MOTOR are two such devices. Notes In the pseudocode on the following pages, the < > indicates where expressions or values need to be supplied. The < > symbols are not part of the pseudocode. Variables and arrays syntax SET Variable TO SET Variable TO Explanation of syntax Assignsa value toa variable. Computes the value of an expression and assigns to a variable, Example SET Counter TO 0 SET MyString TO ‘Hello world’ SET Sum TO Score + 10 SET Size to LENGTH(Word) SET Array[index) TO Assignsa value to an element of a one-dimensional array. SET ArrayClass{1] TO ‘Anni SET ArrayMarks[3]TO 56 SET Array TO [, SET Array [Rowindex, Columnindex] TO Initialises @ one-dimensional array with a set of values. Assignsa value toan element of a two dimensional array. SET AniayValues TO [1,2,3, 4, 5] SET ArrayClassMarks{2,4]TO 92 Selection Syntax IF THEN ENDIF IF THEN ELSE ‘ ENDIF Explanation of syntax If is true then command is executed. If is true then first command? is executed, otherwise second, is executed. Example IF Answer = 10 THEN SET ScoreTO Score + 1 END IF IF Answer =‘correct” THEN ‘SEND ‘Well done’ TO DISPLAY ELSE ‘SEND "Try again’ TO DISPLAY END IF Repetition Syntax Explanation of syntax Example END WHILE REPEAT UNTIL REPEAT TIMES ‘ END REPEAT Preconditioned loop. Executes whilst is true. Post-conditioned loop. Executes until is true. The loop must execute at least once. Count controlled loop. The number of times is executed is determined by the expression. WHILE Flag =0 DO SEND ‘All well’ TO DISPLAY END WHILE REPEAT ‘SET GoTO Go +1 UNTIL Go = 10 REPEAT 100-Number TIMES ‘SEND "TO DISPLAY END REPEAT FOR FROM To DO END FOR FOR FROM 10 STEP DO END FOR, FOR EACH FROM DO END FOREACH Count controlled loop. Executes @ fixed number of times. Count controlled loop using a step. Count controlled loop. Executes for each element of an array. FOR Index FROM 1 T0 100 SEND ArrayNumbers{index] TO DISPLAY END FOR FOR Index FROM 1 10 500 STEP 250 ‘SEND Index TO DISPLAY END FOR SET WordsArray TO [’Thes'Sky, 'isygrey’) SET Sentence to" FOR EACH Word FROM WordsUArray DO SET Sentence TO Sentence & Word &'" END FOREACH SEND ‘Have a good day’T0 SEND TO DISPLAY | Sends output to the screen. Bicpt ay. RECEIVE Name FROM (STRING) identi KEYBOARD. necenve FROM onde inpuofepectted RECEIVE Lengthotlourney ype) ‘input of specified type. Exo (INTEGER) CARD_READER RECEIVE YesNo FROM (CHARACTER) CARD_READER READ Reads in a record from a and assigns to a . Each READ statement reads a record from the file. READ Myfile.doc Record WRITE ‘Writes 2 record to a file. Each WRITE statement writes a record to thefile, WRITE MyFile.doc Answert, Answer2,'xy2 01" Subprograms Syntax Explanation of syntax Example PROCEDURE (cparameter>, ...] BEGIN PROCEDURE ‘ END PROCEDURE Defines a procedure. PROCEDURE CalculateAverage (Mark1, Mark2, Mark3) BEGIN PROCEDURE SET Avg to (Mark + Mark2 + Mark3|/3 END PROCEDURE FUNCTION (cparameter>, ...] BEGIN FUNCTION RETURN END FUNCTION (, Defines a function. Calls a procedure or a function FUNCTION AddMarks (Mark! Mark2, Mark3) BEGIN FUNCTION ‘SET Total to (Marki + Mark2 + Mark3i/3. RETURN Total END FUNCTION ‘Add (FirstMark, SecondMark) + Add - Subtract / bi . Multiply a Exponent MoD Modulo ow Integer division = equal to ° not equal to > greater than greater than or equal 10 < less than less than or equal to Returns true if both conditions AND are true. Returns true fany ofthe OR conditions are true. Reverses the outcome of the Nor expression; true becomes false, false becomes true.

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