Design Paper on ”Glass Cleaning Smart Robot”

Rupali Pandurang Bhujbal SBPCOE, Indapur [email protected]

Sarang Chandrashekhar Kale SBPCOE, Indapur [email protected]
Vishal Vilas Patil SBPCOE, Indapur [email protected]
Renuka Prashant Savale SBPCOE, Indapur [email protected]

Abstract

Crop diseases pose a significant threat to global food security, necessitating innovative ap-
proaches for early detection and intervention. This abstract presents an application that uses
advanced machine learning algorithms to accurately identify and monitor diseases in crops. This
imagery captures various spectral signatures, which are subsequently processed and analyzed
to detect anomalies indicative of crop diseases. Image segmentation techniques are employed
to separate healthy and diseased areas within the images, allowing for precise disease map-
ping. Machine learning plays a pivotal role in such applications by enabling automated disease
recognition. The system’s user-friendly interface, accessible through web applications, provides
actionable insights and recommendations for targeted interventions. This empowers farmers with
the information needed to implement precision agriculture practices and adopt integrated pest
management strategies, optimizing crop yields while minimizing the use of pesticides. By offering
early disease detection and predictive modeling capabilities, the system supports sustainable and
resilient agriculture, contributing to global food security efforts.

Keywords: Machine learing, Deep learning, Artificial Intelligence

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1 Introduction
In modern agriculture, the effective management of crop diseases is crucial for ensuring food security
and sustainable agricultural practices. Crop disease detection systems have emerged as invaluable
tools to help farmers and agricultural stakeholders monitor and combat these diseases efficiently. At
the heart of these systems lies the user interface, a vital component that bridges the gap between ad-
vanced technology and end-users, typically consisting of farmers, agronomists, and decision-makers.
This introduction provides an overview of the Crop Disease Detection System, highlighting its sig-
nificance, key features, and its role in revolutionizing crop disease management. The crop disease
detection system serves as the gateway to a wealth of information and actionable insights for crop
disease management. It plays a pivotal role in democratizing cutting-edge technology, making it
accessible and user-friendly for individuals with varying levels of technical expertise. The interface
acts as a conduit through which users interact with complex algorithms, remote sensing data, and
machine learning models, ultimately empowering them to make informed decisions that impact crop
health and yield.

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2 Related Work
Crop disease detection has been a significant area of research in agricultural technology, aiming to
improve crop yield and mitigate losses. Current state-of-the-art methods encompass a variety of
techniques, including image processing, machine learning, and data analytics.

1. Image Processing Techniques: Many studies leverage image processing for crop disease detec-
tion. Traditional methods involve extracting features from images, such as color, texture, and
shape, to identify anomalies indicative of diseases. Recent advancements also incorporate deep
learning techniques, particularly convolutional neural networks (CNNs), for improved accuracy.

2. Data Integration and Decision Support Systems: Integrated systems that combine data from
various sources, including weather conditions, soil health, and historical crop data, have gained
attention. Decision support systems based on data integration help farmers make informed
decisions regarding disease prevention and crop management.

3. Challenges and Limitations: Despite the progress, there are notable challenges in current re-
search. Limited datasets with diverse geographical and climatic conditions pose a hurdle for
creating robust and generalizable models. Interpretability of complex machine learning models
is another concern, as farmers may be hesitant to trust decisions without understanding the
underlying rationale.

Gaps and Opportunities:

1. Dataset Diversity: One identified gap is the need for more diverse datasets that encompass
different crop types, diseases, and environmental conditions. A lack of diversity hinders the
generalizability of models and their applicability across regions.

2. Explainability in Models: Addressing the interpretability of machine learning models is crucial.

Developing methods to explain the decisions of complex models will enhance trust among end-
users, especially farmers who may not have a background in data science.

3. Integration of Emerging Technologies: Research should explore the integration of emerging

technologies such as edge computing and 5G networks to facilitate real-time processing and
decision-making in remote agricultural locations.

4. User-Friendly Interfaces: While sophisticated models are being developed, there is a need
for user-friendly interfaces that empower farmers with actionable insights. The usability and
accessibility of the technology must be considered to ensure adoption at the grassroots level.

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3 Proposal System

3.1 Problem Statement:

The problem at hand is to create an efficient, accurate, and scalable system for the early detection
and diagnosis of diseases in various crop species. The system should be capable of: Image Acquisition:
Collecting high-quality images of crop leaves, stems, or fruits using cameras or other imaging devices.

3.2 Architecture

Figure 1: System Architecture

1. Input as dataset - First Load Dataset of crop disease on system.

2. Data Pre-processing – Data preprocessing is a process of preparing the raw data and making it
suitable for a machine learning model. It is the first and crucial step while creating a machine
learning model. When creating a machine learning project, it is not always a case that we come
across the clean and formatted data. And while doing any operation with data, it is mandatory
to clean it and put in a formatted way. So for this, we use data preprocessing task.

3. Feature Extraction – Feature Extraction aims to reduce the number of features in a dataset
by creating new features from the existing ones (and then discarding the original features).
These new reduced set of features should then be able to summarize most of the information
contained in the original set of features.

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 4. Classification - The Classification algorithm is a Supervised Learning technique that is used
to identify the category of new observations on the basis of training data.In Classification, a
program learns from the given dataset or observations and then classifies new observation into
a number of classes or groups.

3.3 Relevant mathematics associated with the Project

To create a model for crop disease detection (let’s call it ”C” for Crop Disease Detection System),
you can follow a similar format to what you provided for your system ”S.” Here’s a conceptual outline
of the model for crop disease detection:
C:
INPUT:
Identify the inputs
C = I, F, O
I = inputs to the function set
O = outputs from the function sets
F = Functions implemented to detect crop diseases
F = Image Processing, Machine Learning, Thresholding, Geospatial Analysis
I = Crop Images, Environmental Data, Crop Location
O = Detected Disease Type, Disease Severity, Recommended Actions.
Space Complexity:
The space complexity depends on the volume of data used for disease detection. More extensive
datasets and higher-resolution images lead to higher space complexity.
Time Complexity:
Check the number of patterns available in the datasets = n
If (n is large), the time required for disease detection can be substantial. So the time complexity of
this algorithm is [Big O square] or higher, depending on the specific algorithms used for detection.
Failures:
Limited data can lead to lower accuracy in disease detection.
Hardware failures, such as sensor malfunctions or data storage issues. Software failures, including
bugs in the disease detection algorithms.
Success:
Accurate and timely detection of crop diseases.
Rapid recommendations for disease management strategies.

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3.4 Hardware and Software Requirement

3.4.1 Hardware

1. Hardware : Intel Core

2. Speed : 2.80 GHz

3. RAM : 8 GB

4. HardDisk : 500 GB

5. Key Board: Standard Windows Keyboard

3.4.2 Software

1. Operating System: Windows 10(64 Bit)

2. IDE: Spyder

3. Programming Language : python version 3.7,3.8

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4 UML

Figure 2: Data Flow Diagram 1

Figure 3: Data Flow Diagram 2

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Figure 4: Use Case Diagram

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Figure 5: Class Diagram

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Figure 6: Activity Diagram

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Figure 7: Sequence Diagram

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5 Comparative Study / Conclusion
1. Comparison with Existing Solutions:
Existing Solution: Traditional Image Processing Systems
Strengths: Simple Implementation: Traditional image processing systems are straightforward to
implement. Low Computational Requirements: Suitable for resource-constrained environments.
Weaknesses: Limited Accuracy: Relies on handcrafted features, may lack robustness in diverse
conditions.
Dependency on Lighting Conditions: Performance degrades in varying lighting conditions.

2. Strengths of Proposed System:

Hybrid Architecture: Combining edge processing with cloud-based analysis strikes a balance
between real-time processing and comprehensive insights.
Machine Learning Models: Utilizing CNNs with transfer learning enhances accuracy and adapt-
ability to different crops and diseases.
User-Friendly Interface: A simple interface empowers farmers with actionable insights.

3. Weaknesses of Proposed System:

Dependency on Internet Connectivity: The cloud-based aspect relies on a stable internet con-
nection, which might be a limitation in remote areas.

4. Potential Improvements:
Offline Mode: Develop an offline mode for the edge processing unit, allowing it to function
independently when internet connectivity is an issue.
Cost Mitigation: Explore partnerships or subsidies to reduce the initial implementation cost
for farmers.
Dynamic Machine Learning Models: Implement dynamic model updates to adapt to emerging
disease patterns.

5. Conclusion and Contributions:

The proposed crop disease detection system presents a balanced approach, leveraging edge
processing and cloud-based analysis with machine learning models. Compared to traditional
solutions, it offers improved accuracy and adaptability. While remote sensing-based systems
excel in wide-area coverage, our system focuses on individual plant-level detection.

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