Objectives

1. Differentiate ions and molecules.

H H H
What is
ion?
 ion
Ions are atoms with
extra electrons or
missing electrons.
When a neutral atom gains
or loses one or more
electrons, it becomes
electrically charged particle
called ion.
 ATOM ION
Electrically Electrically
neutral charged
Same number of Different number
protons and of protons and
electrons electrons
 Metals tend to lose
electrons and become
positively charged cations.
e-
Na = Na+
Nonmetals gain electrons
and become negatively
charged anions.
e- -
Cl = Cl
 e-
Br =

e-
Mg =

e-
Se =
Meanwhile, metalloids
can either lose or gain
electrons.
The numbers of electrons lost
or gained is the charge number.
e-
Na = Na+
e- -
Cl = Cl
 An ion that consist of
only one atom is referred
to as monatomic ion.
Different atoms can also
combine and form
polyatomic ions.
Monatomic ions:

Polyatomic ion:
Elements that belong to the
Group 1A (alkali metals)
can give off one electron
only.
 While elements that
belong to the Group 2A
(alkaline earth metals)
can lose two electrons.
Thus, alkali metals produce
ions with positive one (+1)
charge, while alkaline earth
metals produce positive two
(+2) ions.
The ions are named simply as the
name of the material.
Group 1A: Na+ sodium
K+ potassium
Group 2A: Mg2+ magnesium
Ca2+ calcium
Li+

Fr+

Ba2+

Ra2+
Transition Metals (Groups 1B to
8B) vary in the number of
electrons they tend to lose,
resulting to in a variety of
electrical charges of their ions.
Systematic Methods of Naming
Ions
Classical Method - the ion with
the lower charge ends with -ous,
while with the higher charge
ends with -ic.
These suffixes are attached to
the first few syllables of the
foreign name of the metal
(not its English name).
Systematic Methods of Naming
Ions
Stock Method - A Roman numeral
indicating the charge is written
in parentheses after the English
name of the metal.
Ion Classical Stock
Fe2+ ferrous iron (II)
Fe3+ ferric iron (III)
Cu+ cuprous copper (I)
Cu2+ cupric copper (II)
Ion Classical Stock
Co2+

Co3+

Au+

Au3+
 Nonmetals take different
nomenclature. The monatomic
ananions are named by attaching
the suffix -ide to the first few
letters of the nonmetal name.
Elements in Group 7A (halogens)
and Group 6A (oxygen family)
accept one and two electrons,
respectively.
Br- bromide
S2- sulfide
F-

Cl-
 Nonmetals can also form
polyatomic ions with oxygen.
The anion with lesser oxygen
atoms ends with -ite and the one
with more oxygen atoms ends
with -ate.
 The halogens can form four
different polyatomic ions with
oxygen. Each ion is named
differently depending on the
number of oxygen atoms
present in it.
No. of O Name

1 Hypo______ite

2 __________ite

3 __________ate

4 Per_________ate
Ion Name
In some cases, the oxygen in the
polyatomic ion is substituted
with a sulfur atom. In this case,
a prefix thio- is added to the
name of the anion.
 Ternary polyatomic ions
(consisting of three different
elements) may be formed by the
addition of hydrogen atoms to
binary polyatomic ions (consisting
of two different elements).
 If there is only one type of
ternary ion formed, a prefix bi- is
added to indicate the presence
of hydrogen in the chemical
formula.
If there are several types of ion
formed with hydrogen, Greek
prefixes are used to indicate the
numbers of hydrogen atoms
present in the ion.
 GREEK PREFIXES
1 mono- 6 hexa-

2 di- 7 hepta-

3 tri- 8 octa-

4 tetra- 9 nona-

5 penta- 10 deca-
2
 molecules
When atoms of nonmetals share
electrons, they form an
electrically neutral aggregate
called molecule.
Nonmetallic elements exist in
nature as diatomic molecules,
consisting of two atoms of the
same element.
Molecules can also be composed
of atoms of different elements,
whether diatomic or polyatomic.
 SUMMARY
Positively charged ions are called cations.
Negatively charged ions are called anions.
An ion that consist of only one atom is
called monatomic ion.
Different atoms that combine is called
polyatomic ion.
 Group 1A and 2A are named simply as the
name of the metal.
Transition metals (Groups 1B to 8B) are named
in systematic methods; classical and stock.
Classical method use the suffix -ous to lower
charge and -ic with higher charge using the
Foreign name of the metal.
In stock method, a Roman numeral indicating
the charge is written in parentheses after the
English name.
Nonmetals in Group 7A and Group 6A are
named by attaching the suffix -ide.
Nonmetals with oxygen uses -ite for lesser
oxygen atoms and -ate for more.
Halogens can form four different polyatomic
ions with oxygen.
Prefix thio- is used when oxygen polyatomic
ion is substituted with sulfur.
If there is only one ternary ion formed, prefix
bi- is added.
If several types of ion are formed, Greek
Prefixes is used.
 When atoms of nonmetal share electrons,
they form an electrically neutral aggregate
called molecule.
Diatomic molecule consist of two atoms of the
same element.
Molecules can also be composed of atoms of
different elements; diatomic and polyatomic.
 ACTIVITY
e-
Cl =

e-
Fe =

e-
At =
 ACTIVITY
Naming
Group 1A and Group 2A
Li+

Fr+
Ion Classical Stock
Pb2+

Pb4+

Ni2+

Ni3+
 ACTIVITY
Naming
Group 7A and Group 6A

Se2-

Te2-
 ACTIVITY
Naming
Polyatomic Ions with Oxygen
Halogens with Oxygen
 GREEK PREFIXES
1 mono- 6 hexa-

2 7

3 tri- 8 octa-

4 9

5 penta- 10
Thank you
everyone!