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    Carrier Phase DGPS

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    parareceberspams
    Carrier phase differential GPS can achieve sub-metre and centimetre level accuracies. It works by measuring the frequency shift of the GPS carrier signals due to the Doppler effect. By obtaining phase shift measurements from at least four satellites over a minimum of 10 minutes, the user's position can be calculated differentially relative to a known base station within 50 km. Accuracy depends on factors like satellite geometry, multipath errors, and the receiver's ability to resolve small phase shifts in the carrier signals. The Magellan NAV 5000 PRO can achieve sub-metre accuracy by resolving phase shifts to within one carrier wavelength.

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    Carrier Phase DGPS

    Uploaded by

    parareceberspams
    8 views3 pages
    Carrier phase differential GPS can achieve sub-metre and centimetre level accuracies. It works by measuring the frequency shift of the GPS carrier signals due to the Doppler effect. By obtaining phase shift measurements from at least four satellites over a minimum of 10 minutes, the user's position can be calculated differentially relative to a known base station within 50 km. Accuracy depends on factors like satellite geometry, multipath errors, and the receiver's ability to resolve small phase shifts in the carrier signals. The Magellan NAV 5000 PRO can achieve sub-metre accuracy by resolving phase shifts to within one carrier wavelength.

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    Carrier phase differential GPS can achieve sub-metre and centimetre level accuracies. It works by measuring the frequency shift of the GPS carrier signals due to the Doppler effect. By obtaining phase shift measurements from at least four satellites over a minimum of 10 minutes, the user's position can be calculated differentially relative to a known base station within 50 km. Accuracy depends on factors like satellite geometry, multipath errors, and the receiver's ability to resolve small phase shifts in the carrier signals. The Magellan NAV 5000 PRO can achieve sub-metre accuracy by resolving phase shifts to within one carrier wavelength.

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    8 views3 pages

    Carrier Phase DGPS

    Uploaded by

    parareceberspams
    Carrier phase differential GPS can achieve sub-metre and centimetre level accuracies. It works by measuring the frequency shift of the GPS carrier signals due to the Doppler effect. By obtaining phase shift measurements from at least four satellites over a minimum of 10 minutes, the user's position can be calculated differentially relative to a known base station within 50 km. Accuracy depends on factors like satellite geometry, multipath errors, and the receiver's ability to resolve small phase shifts in the carrier signals. The Magellan NAV 5000 PRO can achieve sub-metre accuracy by resolving phase shifts to within one carrier wavelength.

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    of 3

    CARRIER PHASE DIFFERENTIAL GPS

    Code-correlating techniques using Differential GPS allow us to achieve accuracies of 2-3 metres
    in static mode and 5-10 metres in dynamic mode. In order to achieve higher accuracies below a
    metre and to the centimetre scale, codeless techniques which measure the carrier frequency are
    used.

    The two carrier frequencies which carry the GPS signal are:

    L1: 1575.62 MHz


    L2: 1227.60 MHz

    High accuracy GPS receivers (centimetre/millimetre resolution) require the use of both carrier
    frequencies in order to eliminate the effects of clock error and atmospheric errors. For potential
    sub-metre accuracies such as provided by the Magellan NAV 5000 PRO, only the L1 carrier
    frequency is used.

    HOW CARRIER PHASE DIFFERENTIAL WORKS

    The Doppler Phenomenon

    Carrier Phase Differential works on the principle of the Doppler phenomenon. The phenomena
    can be explained in terms of the movement of a sound source in relation to a stationary observer.
    If the sound source remains at a constant distance from the observer, the pitch will remain
    constant. If the sound source travels in a straight line towards and away from an observer, (ie. a
    speeding car or train), then the pitch will increase and then decrease, respectively. This is due to
    the sound waves travelling a shorter distance towards the observer and a farther distance away
    from the observer.

    The same analogy applies for an observer on the ground and a GPS satellite in orbit. The
    difference is that the sound source is replaced by the Carrier Frequency produced by the GPS
    satellite.

    Distance Measurement

    In simplistic terms, the change in the frequency of the carrier relative to the ground position is
    proportional to the distance from the satellite, which in turn is a function of satellite position,
    velocity, and time. Since the satellite position, velocity, precise carrier frequency, and time are
    known from the satellite ephemeris, then the ground position can be calculated.

    By obtaining a series of changes in frequency or 'phase shifts' to at least four satellites, then an
    error correction method similar to pseudorange differential can be used to determine a position
    fix. The difference in the two techniques is that pseudorange differential derives its position from
    code- corelation, and carrier phase differential derives its position from the doppler technique.

    Differential Carrier Phase Positioning

    As in standard differential GPS, clock and ephemeris errors can be reduced for the Carrier Phase
    method by using two receivers. One receiver is located at a base station with a known position
    (benchmark) and the other is positioned at different locations in the area. It is recommended that
    the remote unit be within 50 kilometres of the base station. The position of the Control Unit is
    compared to the benchmark and an error vector is produced which can then be applied to the
    remote unit.

    Data Collection

    A minimum data collection period of 10 minutes of matched data between the base and remote
    receiver is required for sub-metre accuracy using the Magellan NAV 5000 PRO. In order to
    ensure 10 minutes of matched data, a minimum 20 minute measurement period is recommended.
    The GPS receivers must use the same four satellites and be in 3D mode throughout the duration of
    the survey session. The GPS receiver almanacs must be the same or within a few days of each
    other.

    Data Processing

    For sub-metre accuracy, the height reference used is relative to the ellipsoid. In order to determine
    elevation or height above mean sea level knowledge of the local Geoidal height must be obtained
    and included in the calculation during post-processing. The datum used for the calculation is WGS
    84.

    DATA ACCURACY

    Multipath errors

    Multipath errors occur when a GPS unit receives a mix of direct and indirect signals. The indirect
    signals may come from surrounding buildings or from atmospheric conditions affecting signals
    from satellites at low elevations.

    For these reasons, a mask angle of 15 degrees above the horizon and a multipath resistant antenna
    are recommended. It is possible to use the conventional external antenna to acquire sub-metre
    accuracies, but consistent results may not be achievable.

    Carrier Phase Position Dilution of Precision

    As in conventional GPS and Differential GPS positioning, satellite geometry affects the accuracy
    of Carrier Phase Differential GPS. However, the carrier phase positioning method is doppler-
    based rather than range-based, such that the PDOP used for ranging methods is no longer accurate
    or appropriate for the doppler-based technique. A new definition is required for the doppler-based
    method which is dependent on the velocity vectors of the satellites and the length of time the
    satellite signals are observed. This is referred to as the Carrier Phase Dilution of Precision
    (CPDOP). CPDOP is inversely proportional to the length of time that the carrier phase data is
    recorded. For better accuracy, a longer data session is recommended; this is limited by the post
    processing to 20 minutes of matched data.

    Limits to Accuracy

    The use of the Carrier Phase to determine position at the sub- metre, centimetre, and millimeter
    level is based on the capability of the GPS receiver's ability to measure the phase shift or phase
    angle of the carrier frequency to within a few degrees. In terms of the L1 carrier, one cycle (360 o)
    or wavelength is 19 centimetres long. If the GPS receiver has the capability of resolving the phase
    shift to within a few degrees, then potential accuracies in the millimetre range are possible.

    The Magellan NAV 5000 PRO is not capable of resolving the phase shift in the millimeter or
    centimetre level, however it appears to have the capability of resolving the phase shift to within
    one wavelength or about 19 centimetres. Accuracies may range between 20 centimetres and 90
    centimetres or more, depending on satellite configuration etc.

    Doppler Phenomenon: Doppler.gif

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