Determinant Previous Years Questions

Based on Determinant

5 3 −1
1. If |−7 𝑥 −3| = 0, then the value of x is
9 6 −2
(a) 3 (b) 5 (c) 7 (d) 9
[CBSE 2021-22]
Solutions
5 3 −1
(d) : We have, |−7 𝑥 −3| = 0
9 6 −2
⇒ 5(−2𝑥 + 18) − 3(14 + 27) − 1(−42 − 9𝑥) = 0
⇒ −𝑥 + 9 = 0 ⇒ 𝑥 = 9

𝑘 8
2. Value of k, for which A = [ ] is a singular matrix is
4 2𝑘
(a) 4 (b) – 4 (c) ± 4 (d) 0
[CBSE SQP 2021-22]
Solutions
(c) : ∵ A is singular matrix.
∴ |A| = 0
𝑘 8
⇒ | | = 0 ⇒ 2𝑘 2 − 32 = 0 ⇒ 𝑘 2 = 16 ⇒ 𝑘 = ±2 4
4 2𝑘

1 2 1 3
3. If A = [ ] and B = [ ], write the value of |𝐴𝐵|.
3 −1 −1 1
[CBSE 2015C]
Solutions

1 2 1 3
Given that A = [ ] and B = [ ]
3 −1 −1 1
 1 2 1 3 −1 5
∴ 𝐴𝐵 = [ ][ ]=[ ]
3 −1 −1 1 4 8
∴ |𝐴𝐵| = |−1 5| = (−1). 8 − 4.5 = −28.
4 8

2𝑥 5 6 −2
4. If | |=| |, write the value of x.
8 𝑥 7 3
[CBSE 2014]
Solutions
2𝑥 5 6 −2
Given, | |=| |
8 𝑥 7 3
⇒ 2𝑥 2 − 40 = 18 + 14
⇒ 2𝑥 2 = 72 ⇒ 𝑥 2 = 36 ⇒ 𝑥 = ±6

𝑦+𝑘 𝑦 𝑦
5. The determinant | 𝑦 𝑦+𝑘 𝑦 | is equal to
𝑦 𝑦 𝑦+𝑘
(a) 𝑘(3𝑦 + 𝑘 2 ) (b) 3𝑦 + 𝑘 3 (c) 3𝑦 + 𝑘 2 (d) 𝑘 2 (3𝑦 + 𝑘)
[CBSE 2021-22]
Solutions

𝑦+𝑘 𝑦 𝑦
(d) : Let D = | 𝑦 𝑦+𝑘 𝑦 |
𝑦 𝑦 𝑦+𝑘
= (𝑦 + 𝑘)((𝑦 + 𝑘)2 − 𝑦 2 ) − 𝑦(𝑦 2 + 𝑘𝑦 − 𝑦 2 ) + 𝑦(𝑦 2 − 𝑦 2 − 𝑦𝑘)
= 𝑘 3 + 3𝑘 2 𝑦 = 𝑘 2 (𝑘 + 3𝑦)

⌊1 ⌊2 ⌊3
6. The value of |2⌊2 3⌊3 4⌊4| is
⌊3 ⌊4 ⌊5
(a) 12 (b) – 12 (c) 24 (d) – 24
[CBSE 2021-22]
Solutions
 ⌊1 ⌊2 ⌊3 1 2 6
(d) : Given, |2⌊2 3⌊3 4⌊4| = |4 18 96 |
⌊3 ⌊4 ⌊5 6 24 120
= 1(2160 − 2304) − 2(480 − 576) + 6(96 − 108)
= −144 − 2(−96) + 6(−12) = −144 + 192 − 72 = −24

𝑥+1 𝑥−1 4 −1
7. If | |=| |, then write the value of x.
𝑥−3 𝑥+2 1 3
[CBSE 2013]
Solutions
𝑥+1 𝑥−1 4 −1
Given, | |=| |
𝑥−3 𝑥+2 1 3
⇒ (𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 + 2) − (𝑥 − 3)(𝑥 − 1) = 4 × 3 − (1) × (−1)
⇒ 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 2𝑥 + 2 − (𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 𝑥 + 3) = 12 + 1
⇒ 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 2 − 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 3 = 13
⇒ 7𝑥 = 13 + 1 ⇒ 𝑥 = 2
8. Find the maximum value of
1 1 1
|1 1 + sin 𝜃 1 |.
1 1 1 + cos 𝜃
[CBSE 2016]
Solutions
1 1 1
Let Δ = |1 1 + sin 𝜃 1 |
1 1 1 + cos 𝜃
⇒ Δ = 1[(1 + sin 𝜃)(1 + cos 𝜃) − 1] − 1(1 + cos 𝜃 − 1) + 1(1 − 1 − sin 𝜃)
= 1 + cos 𝜃 + sin 𝜃 + sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 − 1 − cos 𝜃 − sin 𝜃
= sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃
1
∴ Maximum value of Δ is 2.

𝑥+3 −2
9. If 𝑥 ∈ 𝑁 and | | = 8, then find the value of x.
−3𝑥 2𝑥
[CBSE 2016]
Solutions
 𝑥 + 3 −2
Given, | |=8
−3𝑥 2𝑥
⇒ (𝑥 + 3)(2𝑥)— 2(−3𝑥) = 8
⇒ 2𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 − 6𝑥 = 8 ⇒ 2𝑥 2 = 8
⇒ 𝑥2 = 4 ⇒ 𝑥 = 2 [𝑥 ≠ −2, ∵ 𝑥 ∈ 𝑁]

𝑥 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃
10. If |− sin 𝜃 −𝑥 1 | = 8, write the value of x.
cos 𝜃 1 𝑥
[CBSE 2016]
Solutions
𝑥 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃
Given, |− sin 𝜃 −𝑥 1 |=8
cos 𝜃 1 𝑥
⇒ 𝑥(−𝑥 2 − 1) − sin 𝜃 (−𝑥 sin 𝜃 − cos 𝜃) + cos 𝜃 (− sin 𝜃 + 𝑥 cos 𝜃) = 8
⇒ −𝑥 3 − 𝑥 + 𝑥 sin2 𝜃 + sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 − sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 + 𝑥 cos2 𝜃 = 8
⇒ −𝑥 3 − 𝑥 + 𝑥(sin2 𝜃 + cos2 𝜃) = 8
⇒ −𝑥 3 − 𝑥 + 𝑥 = 8 ⇒ 𝑥 3 + 8 = 𝑂 [∵ 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 4 > 𝑂 ∀ 𝑥]
⇒ 𝑥 = −2

𝑥+𝑦 𝑦+𝑧 𝑧+𝑥

11. Write the value of 𝛥 = | 𝑧 𝑥 𝑦 |.
−3 −3 −3
[CBSE 2015]
Solutions

𝑥+𝑦 𝑦+𝑧 𝑧+𝑥

Δ=| 𝑧 𝑥 𝑦 |
−3 −3 −3
= (𝑥 + 𝑦)(−3𝑥 + 3𝑦) − (𝑦 + 2)(−3𝑧 + 3𝑦) + (𝑧 + 𝑥)(−3𝑧 + 3𝑥)
= 3[(𝑦 + 𝑥)(𝑦 − 𝑥) − (𝑦 + 𝑧)(𝑦 − 𝑧) + (𝑥 + 𝑧)(𝑥 − 𝑧)]
= 3[𝑦 2 − 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 + 𝑥 2 − 𝑧 2 ] = 𝑂
 2 sin 𝑥 3
12. In the interval π/2 < x < π, find the value of x for which the matrix [ ] is
1 2 sin 𝑥
singular.
[CBSE 2015C]
Solutions
2 sin 𝑥 3
For the matrix [ ] to be singular, its determinant = 0
1 2 sin 𝑥
2 sin 𝑥 3
∴ | |=0
1 2 sin 𝑥
3 √3
⇒ 4 sin2 𝑥 − 3 = 0 ⇒ sin2 𝑥 = ⇒ sin 𝑥 = ±
4 2
2𝜋 𝜋
∴ 𝑥= (∵ < 𝑥 < 𝜋)
3 2

Based on Properties
𝛼 2
13. If A = [ ] and |𝐴3 | = 27, then the value of α is
2 𝛼
(a) ±1 (b) ± 2 (c) ± √5 (d) ± √7
[CBSE 2021-22]
Solutions
𝛼 2
(d): Given, A = [ ] …(i)
2 𝛼
|𝐴3 | = 27
⇒ |𝐴|3 = 27 [∵ |𝑨𝒏 | = |𝑨|𝒏 ] ⇒ 𝐴 = 3 …(ii)
From (i) and (ii), we get
⇒ 𝛼 2 − 4 = 3 ⇒ 𝛼 2 = 7 ⇒ 𝛼 = ±√7
14. If A is a square matrix of order 3 and |𝐴| = 5, then the value of |2𝐴′ | is
(a) – 10 (b) 10 (c) – 40 (d) 40
[CBSE 2020]
Solutions
(d) : Given, A is a 3 × 3 matrix and |A| = 5
Now, |2𝑎′ | = 23 |𝐴′ | = 8 × 5 = 40
15. If A is a skew-symmetric matrix of order 3, then the value of |𝐴| is
(a) 3 (b) 0 (c) 9 (d) 27
[CBSE 2020]
Solutions
(b) : We have, 𝐴𝑇 = −𝐴 [∵ A is skew-symmetric matrix]
∴ |𝐴𝑇 | = |−𝐴| ⇒ |𝐴| = (−1)3 |𝐴| [∵ A is of order 3]
⇒ |𝐴| = −|𝐴| ⇒ 2|𝐴| = 0 ⇒ |𝐴| = 0
16. Given that A is a square matrix of order 3 and |𝐴| = −4, then |𝑎𝑑𝑗 𝐴| is equal to
(a) – 4 (b) 4 (c) – 16 (d) 16
[CBSE SQP 2021-22]
Solutions
(d) : We know that, |𝑎𝑑𝑗 𝐴| = |𝐴|𝑛−1 , where n is the order of A.
Here, |𝑎𝑑𝑗 𝐴| = (−4)2 = 16

17. If A is a 3 × 3 matrix such that |𝐴| = 8, then |3𝐴| equals

(a) 8 (b) 24 (c) 72 (d) 216
[CBSE 2020]
Solutions
(d) : We have, |3𝐴| = 33 |𝐴| = 33 . 8 [Given |A| = 8]
= 27.8 = 216

18. If A an dB are square matrices each of order 3 and |𝐴| = 5, |𝐵| = 3, then the value of
|3𝐴𝐵| is__________.
[CBSE 2020]
Solutions
We have, |𝐴| = 5, |𝐵| = 3
Now, |3𝐴𝐵| = 33 |𝐴𝐵| (∵ order of AB is 3)
= 33 |𝐴||𝐵| = 33 × 5 × 3 = 405
19. If A and B are square matrices of the same order 3, such that |𝐴| = 2 and AB = 2I, write
the value of |B|.
[CBSE 2019]
Solutions
We have, AB = 2𝐼 ⇒ |𝐴𝐵| = |2𝐼| ⇒ |𝐴||𝐵| = 23 |𝐼|
⇒ 2|𝐵| = 8 [∵ |𝐴| = 2]
⇒ |𝐵| = 4
20. Given that A is a square matrix of order 3 × 3 and |𝐴| = −4. Find |adj A|.
[CBSE SQP 2020-21]
Solutions
We know, |adj A| = |𝐴|𝑛−1, where n × n is the order of non-singular matrix A.
∴ |𝑎𝑑𝑗 𝐴| = (−4)3−1 = 16

21. If A is a 3 × 3 matrix, |𝐴| ≠ 0 and |3𝐴| = 𝑘|𝐴|, then write the value of k.
[CBSE 2014]
Solutions
We have, |3𝐴| = 𝑘|𝐴|
⇒ 33 |𝐴| = 𝑘|𝐴| [Using |mA| = mn |A|, where n is order of A]
⇒ 𝑘 = 27.
22. Given that A is a non-singular matrix of order 3 such that 𝐴2 = 2𝐴, then value of |2A| is
(a) 4 (b) 8 (c) 64 (d) 16
[CBSE SQP 2021-22]
Solutions
(c): We have, 𝐴2 = 2𝐴
⇒ |𝐴2 | = |2𝐴|
⇒ |𝐴|2 = 23 |𝐴| [As |𝑘𝐴| = 𝑘 𝑛 |𝐴| for a matrix of order n]
⇒ |𝐴|[|𝐴| − 8] = 0
⇒ either |𝐴| = 0 𝑜𝑟 |𝐴| = 8
But A is non-singular matrix ⇒ |𝐴| ≠ 0
⇒ |2𝐴| = 23 . |𝐴| = 64
23. If A is a square matrix of order 3 such that 𝐴2 = 2𝐴, then find the value of |A|.
[CBSE SQP 2020-21]
Solutions
We have, 𝐴2 = 2𝐴
⇒ |𝐴𝐴| = |2𝐴|
⇒ |𝐴||𝐴| = 8|𝐴|
(∵ |𝐴𝐵| = |𝐴||𝐵| and |𝑘𝐴| = 𝑘 𝑛 |𝐴|, where n is order of square matrix A)
⇒ |𝐴|(|𝐴| − 8) = 0
⇒ |𝐴| = 0 𝑜𝑟 8

−2 0 0
24. If A = [ 0 −2 0 ], then the value of |adj A| is
0 0 −2
(a) 64 (b) 16 (c) 0 (d) – 8
[CBSE 2020]
Solutions

−2 0 0
(a) : We have, |𝐴| = | 0 −2 0 | = −2(4 − 0) − 0 + 0 = −8
0 0 −2
∴ |𝑎𝑑𝑗 𝐴| = (−8)2 = 64
25. If A is a square matrix of order 3 with |A| = 9, then write the value of |2 . adj A|.
[CBSE 2019]
Solutions
Given, |A| = 9
∴ |2 𝑎𝑑𝑗 𝐴| = 23 (9)2 = 8 × 81 = 648.

26. If A is a 3 × 3 invertible matrix, then what will be the value of k if det(𝐴−1 ) = (det 𝐴)𝑘 ?
[CBSE 2017]
Solutions
Given that, det(𝐴−1 ) = (det 𝐴)𝑘
i.e., |𝐴−1 | = |𝐴|𝑘
 1
We know that |𝐴−1 | = |𝐴| = |𝐴|−1

∴ 𝑘 = −1

Based on Area of a Triangle

27. Find the equation of the line joining A(1, 3) and B(0, 0) using determinants and find the
value of k if D(k, 0) is a point such that area of ΔABD is 3 square units.
[CBSE 2013C]
Solutions
𝑥 𝑦 1
Using determinants, the line joining A(1, 3) and B(0, 0) is given by |1 3 1| = 𝑂
0 0 1
⇒ 1(3𝑥 − 𝑦) = 0 ⇒ 𝑦 = 3𝑥
Now, D(k, 0) is a point s.t. area of ΔABD = 3 sq. units
1 3 1
1
∴ | 0 0 1| = 3
2
𝑘 0 1
⇒ (0 + 3𝑘) = ±6 ⇒ 𝑘 = ±2

Minors and Cofactors

1 −2
28. Find the cofactors of all the elements of [ ].
4 3
[CBSE 2020]
Solutions
1 −2
Let A = [ ]
4 3
Cofactor of 1 = 3, Cofactor of – 2 = – 4.
Cofactor of 4 = 2, Cofactor of 3 = 1.

29. Given that A = [𝑎𝑖𝑗 ] is a square matrix of order 3 × 3 and |A| = - 7, then the value of
∑3𝑖=1 𝑎𝑖2 𝐴𝑖2 , where 𝐴𝑖𝑗 denotes the cofactor of element 𝑎𝑖𝑗 is
(a) 7 (b) – 7 (c) 0 (d) 49
[CBSE SQP 2021-22]
 Solutions
(b): We have, |A| = – 7
3

∴ ∑ 𝑎𝑖2 𝐴𝑖2 = 𝑎12 𝐴12 + 𝑎22 𝐴22 + 𝑎32 𝐴32 = |𝐴| = −7

𝑖=1

30. Let A = [𝑎𝑖𝑗 ] be a square matrix of order 3 × 3 and |𝐴| = −7. Find the value of
𝑎11 𝐴21 + 𝑎13 𝐴23 where 𝐴𝑖𝑗 is the cofactor of element 𝑎𝑖𝑗 .
[CBSE SQP 2020-21]
Solutions
We know that, if elements of a row are multiplied with cofactors of any other row, then
their sum is 0.
∴ 𝑎11 𝐴21 + 𝑎12 𝐴22 + 𝑎13 𝐴23 = 0.

5 6 −3
31. If A = [−4 3 2 ], then write the cofactor of the element 𝑎21 of its 2nd row.
−4 −7 3
[CBSE 2015]
Solutions
5 6 −3
We have, A = [−4 3 2]
−4 −7 3
6 −3
∴ Cofactor of 𝑎21 = (−1)2+1 | | = −1(18 − 21) = 3
−7 3

2 −3 5
32. If 𝐴𝑖𝑗 is the cofactor of the element 𝑎𝑖𝑗 of the determinant |6 0 4 |, then write the
1 5 −7
value of 𝑎32 . 𝐴32 .
[CBSE 2013]

Solutions
 2 −3 5
Let Δ = |6 0 4|
1 5 −7
Now, 𝑎32 = 5
2 5
𝐴32 = cofactor of 𝑎32 in Δ = (−1)3+2 | |
6 4
= −(8 − 30) = 22
∴ 𝑎32 . 𝐴32 = 5.22 = 110.

Adjoint and Inverse of a Matrix

−4 3
33. The inverse of [ ] is
7 −5
−5 3 5 3 −5 7 −5 −3
(a) [ ] (b) [ ] (c) [ ] (d) [ ]
7 −4 7 4 3 −4 −7 −4
[CBSE 2021-22]
Solutions

−4 3
(b) : Given, A = [ ]
7 −5
∴ |𝐴| = 20 − 21 = −1
−5 −7 𝑇 −5 −3
And adj A = [ ] =[ ]
−3 −4 −7 −4
1 5 3
∴ 𝐴−1 = |𝐴| (𝑎𝑑𝑗 𝐴) = [ ]
7 4

1 0 0
34. If A = [ 0 1 0 ], then A-1
59 69 −1
(a) is A (b) is (–A) (c) is A2 (d) does not exist
[CBSE 2021-22]

Solutions
 1 0 0
(a) : Given, A = [ 0 1 0]
59 69 −1
Here, |𝐴| = −1
−1 0 −59 𝑇 −1 0 0
And adj A = [ 0 −1 −69] = [ 0 −1 0]
0 0 1 −59 −69 1
1 0 0
𝟏
∴ 𝑨−𝟏 = |𝑨| (𝒂𝒅𝒋 𝑨) = [ 0 1 0 ]=𝐴
59 69 −1

1 −2 4
35. If A = [2 −1 3] is the adjoint of a square matrix B, then B-1 is equal to
4 2 0
1 1
(a) ± 𝐴 (b) ± √2𝐴 (c) ± 𝐵 (d) ± 𝐴
√2 √2

[CBSE 2021-22]
Solutions
1 −2 4
(d) : |𝐴| = |2 −1 3|
4 2 0
= 1(0 − 6) + (0 − 12) + 4(4 + 4) = 2 …(i)
Given, A = adj B
⇒ |𝐴| = |𝑎𝑑𝑗 𝐵| ⇒ |𝑎𝑑𝑗 𝐵| = 2 (Using (i))
⇒ |𝐵|2 = 2 [∵ |adj B| = |B|3 – 1, where B is 3 × 3 matrix]
⇒ |𝐵| = ±√2
1 1
∴ 𝐵 −1 = ± 𝐴 [∵ 𝐵 −1 = |𝐵| (𝑎𝑑𝑗 𝐵)]
√2

1 − tan 𝜃 1 tan 𝜃 −1 𝑎 −𝑏
36. If [ ][ ] =[ ], then
tan 𝜃 1 − tan 𝜃 1 𝑏 𝑎
(a) 𝑎 = 1 = 𝑏 (b) 𝑎 = cos 2𝜃 , 𝑏 = sin 2𝜃
(c) 𝑎 = sin 2𝜃 , 𝑏 = cos 𝜃 (d) 𝑎 = cos 𝜃 , 𝑏 = sin 𝜃
[CBSE 2021-22]
Solutions
 (b) : We have,
1 − tan 𝜃 1 tan 𝜃 −1 𝑎 −𝑏
[ ][ ] =[ ]
tan 𝜃 1 − tan 𝜃 1 𝑏 𝑎
1 tan 𝜃 −1 1 − tan 𝜃 2
− tan 𝜃 cos 2 𝜃 ]
] = [ cos 𝜃
1
Now, [ ] = sec2 𝜃 [
− tan 𝜃 1 tan 𝜃 1 cos2 𝜃 tan 𝜃 cos2 𝜃
2
⇒ [
1 − tan 𝜃
] [ cos 𝜃 − tan 𝜃 cos2 𝜃] = [𝑎 −𝑏
]
2
tan 𝜃 1 cos 𝜃 tan 𝜃 cos 2 𝜃 𝑏 𝑎
2 2 2
⇒ [cos 𝜃 − cos 𝜃2tan 𝜃 −2 tan 𝜃 cos2 𝜃 ] = [𝑎 −𝑏
]
2 tan 𝜃 cos 𝜃 cos2 𝜃 − cos 2 𝜃 tan2 𝜃 𝑏 𝑎
∴ 𝑎 = cos2 𝜃 − cos 2 𝜃 tan2 𝜃 and 𝑏 = 2 tan 𝜃 cos 2 𝜃
sin2 𝜃 2 sin 𝜃
⇒ 𝑎 = cos2 𝜃 (1 − cos2 𝜃) and 𝑏 = . cos 2 𝜃
cos 𝜃

⇒ 𝑎 = cos2 𝜃 − sin2 𝜃 = cos 2𝜃 and 𝑏 = 2 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 = sin 2𝜃

2 0 0
37. If A = [−1 2 3], then find A (adj A).
3 3 5
[CBSE 2020]
Solutions
2 0 0
Given, A = [−1 2 3]
3 3 5
2 0 0
Now, 𝑎(𝑎𝑑𝑗 𝐴) = |𝐴|𝐼 = |−1 2 3| 𝐼 = [2(10 − 9) − 0 + 0]𝐼 = 2𝐼
3 3 5
38. If for any 2 × 2 square matrix A.
8 0
A(adj A) = [ ] , then write the value of |A|.
0 8
[CBSE 2017]
Solutions
8 0
We have, A(adj A) = [ ]
0 8
|𝐴|. 𝐼 = 8 [1 0] [∵ A(adj A) = |A| × I]
0 1
⇒ |𝐴| = 8
1 0 3 1
39. Find (𝐴𝐵)−1 if A = [ ] and 𝐵 −1 = [ ].
−4 2 5 2
[CBSE 2020]
 Solutions

1 0 3 1
Given, A = [ ] and 𝐵 −1 = [ ]
−4 2 5 2
1 0 2 0
Now, |𝐴| = | | = 2 and adj A = [ ]
−4 2 4 1
1 1 2 0
∴ 𝐴−1 = |𝐴| (𝑎𝑑𝑗 𝐴) = 2 [ ]
4 1
1 3 1 2 0 1 10 1
Now, (𝐴𝐵)−1 = 𝐵 −1 𝐴−1 = 2 [ ][ ] = 2[ ]
5 2 4 1 18 2

2 −3
40. Given A = [ ], compute 𝐴−1 and show that 2𝐴−1 = 9𝐼 − 𝐴.
−4 7
[CBSE 2018]
Solutions
2 −3
We have, A = [ ]
−4 7
∴ |𝐴| = | 2 −3| = 14 − 12 = 2 ≠ 0
−4 7
So, A is a non-singular matrix and therefore it is invertible.
7 3
∴ 𝑎𝑑𝑗 𝐴 = [ ]
4 2
1 1 7 3
Hence, 𝐴−1 = |𝐴| 𝑎𝑑𝑗 𝐴 = 2 [ ]
4 2
7 3
⇒ 2𝐴−1 = [ ] …(i)
4 2
1 0 2 −3
Now, 9𝐼 − 𝐴 = 9 [ ]−[ ]
0 1 −4 7
9 0 2 −3 7 3
=[ ]−[ ]=[ ] = 2𝐴−1 [From (i)]
0 9 −4 7 4 2
 1 −2 3
41. If A = [ 0 −1 4], find (𝐴′ )−1.
−2 2 1
[CBSE 2015]
Solutions
1 −2 3 1 0 −2
A = [ 0 −1 4] ⇒ 𝐴′ = [−2 −1 2 ]
−2 2 1 3 4 1
1 0 −2
|𝐴′ | = |−2 −1 2 | = 1(−1 − 8) − 2(−8 + 3)
3 4 1
= −9 + 10 = 1 ≠ 0. So, (𝐴′ )−1 exist.
Let the cofactors of 𝑎𝑖𝑗 ′𝑠 are 𝐴𝑖𝑗 in A’
Now, 𝐴11 = −9, 𝐴12 = 8, 𝐴13 = −5,
𝐴21 = −8, 𝐴22 = 7, 𝐴23 = −4
𝐴 − 31 = −2, 𝐴32 = 2, 𝐴33 = −1
−9 −8 −2
∴ 𝑎𝑑𝑗(𝐴′ ) = [ 8 7 2]
−5 −4 −1
−9 −8 −2
𝑎𝑑𝑗 (𝐴′ )
∴ (𝐴′ )−1 = =[ 8 7 2]
|𝐴′ |
−5 −4 −1

−1 −2 −2
42. Find the adjoint of the matrix A = [ 2 1 −2] and hence show that A.(adj A) =
2 −2 1
|𝐴|𝐼3 .
[CBSE 2015]
Solutions
−1 −2 −2
Here, A = [ 2 1 −2]
2 −2 1
−1 −2 −2
⇒ |𝐴| = | 2 1 −2|
2 −2 1
= −1(1 − 4) − (−2)(2 + 4) − 2(−4 − 2)
= 3 + 12 + 12 = 27
 Now, 𝐴11 = −3, 𝐴12 = −6, 𝐴13 = −6,
𝐴21 = 6, 𝐴22 = 3, 𝐴23 = −6,
𝐴31 = 6, 𝐴32 = −6, 𝐴33 = 3
−3 6 6
∴ 𝑎𝑑𝑗 𝐴 = [−6 3 −6]
−6 −6 3
−1 −2 −2 −3 6 6
∴ 𝐴. (𝑎𝑑𝑗 𝐴) = [ 2 1 −2 −6 3 −6]
] . [
2 −2 1 −6 −6 3
27 0 0 1 0 0
= [ 0 27 0 ] = 27 [0 1 0] = |𝐴|𝐼3 .
0 0 27 0 0 1

2 −1
43. If A = [ ] and I is the identity matrix of order 2, then show that 𝐴2 = 4𝐴 − 3𝐼.
−1 2
Hence find 𝐴−1.
[CBSE 2015]
Solutions
2 −1 2 −1 2 −1
A=[ ] ⇒ 𝐴2 = [ ][ ]
−1 2 −1 2 −1 2
5 −4
⇒ 𝐴2 = [ ] …(i)
−4 5
2 −1 1 0
Now, 4𝐴 − 3𝐼 = 4 [ ]− 3[ ]
−1 2 0 1
5 −4
⇒ 4𝐴 − 3𝐼 = [ ] …(ii)
−4 5
From (i) and (ii), we get
𝐴2 = 4𝐴 − 3𝐼
Pre-multiplying by 𝐴−1 on both sides, we get
𝐴−1 (𝐴2 ) = 4𝐴−1 𝐴 − 3𝐴−1 𝐼
⇒ 𝐴 = 4𝐼 − 3𝐴−1 [∵ 𝐴𝐴−1 = 𝐼]
⇒ 3𝐴−1 = 4𝐼 − 𝐴
4 1
⇒ 𝐴−1 = 3 𝐼 − 3 𝐴

4 1 0 1 2 −1 2/3 1/3
= 3[ ] − 3[ ]=[ ]
0 1 −1 2 1/3 2/3
 2 3 1 −2
44. If A = [ ] and B = [ ], then verify that (𝐴𝐵)−1 = 𝐵 −1 𝐴−1 .
1 −4 −1 3
[CBSE 2015C]
Solutions

2 3 1 −2
Here, A = [ ] and B = [ ]
1 −4 −1 3
⇒ |𝐴| = −11, |𝐵| = 1
1 1 −4 −3 3 2
∴ 𝐴−1 = |𝐴| 𝑎𝑑𝑗 𝐴 = − 11 [ ] and 𝐵 −1 = [ ]
−1 2 1 1
∴ R.H.S. = 𝐵 −1 𝐴−1
3 2 1 −4 −3 1 −14 −5
= [ ] . (− 11) [ ] = (− 11) [ ] …(i)
1 1 −1 2 −5 −1
2 3 1 −2 −1 5
Now, A.B = [ ][ ]=[ ]
1 −4 −1 3 5 −14
⇒ |𝐴𝐵| = 14 − 25 = −11
1 −14 −5
∴ L.H.S. = (𝐴𝐵)−1 = (− 11) [ ] …(ii)
−5 −1
From (i) and (ii), (𝐴𝐵)−1 = 𝐵 −1 𝐴−1 .

cos 𝛼 − sin 𝛼 0
45. If A = [ sin 𝛼 cos 𝛼 0], find adj A and verify that A(adj A) = (adj A)A = |A| I3
0 0 1
[CBSE 2016]
Solutions

cos 𝛼 − sin 𝛼 0
Given, A = [ sin 𝛼 cos 𝛼 0]
0 0 1
Now, A11 = cos α, A12 = – sin α, A13 = 0,
A21 = sin α, A22 = cos α, A23 = 0,
A31 = 0, A32 = 0, A33 = 1
cos 𝛼 sin 𝛼 0
∴ adj (A) = [− sin 𝛼 cos 𝛼 0]
0 0 1
 cos 𝛼 − sin 𝛼 0 cos 𝛼 sin 𝛼 0 1 0 0
A.adj (A) = [ sin 𝛼 cos 𝛼 0] [− sin 𝛼 cos 𝛼 0] = [0 1 0] …(i)
0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1
cos 𝛼 sin 𝛼 0 cos 𝛼 − sin 𝛼 0 1 0 0
adj(A).A = [− sin 𝛼 cos 𝛼 0] [ sin 𝛼 cos 𝛼 0] = [0 1 0] …(ii)
0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1
cos 𝛼 − sin 𝛼 0
|𝐴| = | sin 𝛼 cos 𝛼 0| = cos 𝛼 (cos 𝛼 − 0) + sin 𝛼 (sin 𝛼 − 0) + 0 = 1 …(iii)
0 0 1
From (i), (ii) and (iii), we get
A(adj A) = (adj A) A = |A| I3.

Based on Solutions

1 2 −3
46. If A = [3 2 −2], then find A-1 and use it to solve the following system of the
2 −1 1
equations:
𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 3𝑧 = 6, 3𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 2𝑧 = 3,
2𝑥 − 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 2
[CBSE 2020]
Solutions
1 2 −3
Given, A = [3 2 −2]
2 −1 1
1 2 −3
|𝐴| = |3 2 −2| = 1(2 − 2) − 2(3 + 4) − 3(−3 − 4)
2 −1 1
= −14 + 21 = 7 ≠ 0
∴ 𝐴−1 exists
Now, 𝐴11 = 0, 𝐴12 = −7, 𝐴13 = −7, 𝐴21 = 1, 𝐴22 = 7,
𝐴23 = 5, 𝐴31 = 2, 𝐴32 = −7, 𝐴33 = −4
0 1 2
∴ 𝑎𝑑𝑗 𝐴 = [−7 7 −7]
−7 5 −4
 0 1 2
1 1
⇒ 𝐴−1 = |𝐴| 𝑎𝑑𝑗 𝐴 = 7 [−7 7 −7]
−7 5 −4
The given system of equations is
𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 3𝑧 = 6
3𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 2𝑧 = 3
2𝑥 − 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 2
The system of equations can be written as AX = B
1 2 −3 𝑥 6
where A = [3 2 −2] ; 𝑋 = [𝑦] , 𝐵 = [3]
2 −1 1 𝑧 2
∵ 𝐴−1 exists, so system of equations has a unique solution given by 𝑋 = 𝐴−1 𝐵
𝑥 0 1 2 6 7 1
1 1
⇒ 𝑦
[ ] = 7 [−7 7 −7] [3] = 7 [−35] = [−5]
𝑧 −7 5 −4 2 −35 −5
⇒ 𝑥 = 1, 𝑦 = −5, 𝑧 = −5

47. Solve the following system of equations by matrix method:

𝑥 − 𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 7, 2𝑥 − 𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 12,
3𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 𝑧 = 5
[CBSE 2020]
We have, 𝑥 − 𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 7
2𝑥 − 𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 12
3𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 𝑧 = 5
The given system of equations can be written as AX = B, where
1 −1 2 𝑥 7
𝐴 = [2 −1 3 ] , 𝑋 = [𝑦] and B = [12]
3 2 −1 𝑧 5
1 −1 2
Here, |𝐴| = |2 −1 3 |
3 2 −1
= 1(1 − 6) + 1(−2 − 9) + 2(4 + 3)
= −5 − 11 + 14 = −2 ≠ 0
∴ 𝐴−1 exists. So system of equations has a unique solution given by 𝑋 = 𝐴−1 𝐵
−5 11 7 −5 3 −1
∴ 𝑎𝑑𝑗 𝐴 = [ 3 −7 −5] = [ 11 −7 1 ]
−1 1 1 7 −5 1
 −5 3 −1
𝟏 −1
Now, 𝑨−𝟏 = |𝑨| (𝒂𝒅𝒋 𝑨) = [ 11 −7 1 ]
2
7 −5 1
Now, 𝑋 = 𝐴−1 𝐵
𝑥 −5 3 −1 7 −4 2
1 1
⇒ [𝑦] = − 2 [ 11 −7 1 ] [12] = − 2 [−2] = [1]
𝑧 7 −5 1 5 −6 3
⇒ 𝑥 = 2, 𝑦 = 1, 𝑧 = 3

1 −1 2 −2 0 1
48. Use product [0 2 −3] [ 9 2 −3] to solve the system of equations 𝑥 + 3𝑧 =
3 −2 4 6 1 −2
9, −𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 2𝑧 = 4, 2𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 4𝑧 = −3
[CBSE 2017]
Solutions

1 −1 2 −2 0 1 1 0 0
We have, [0 2 −3] [ 9 2 −3] = [0 1 0] = 𝐼
3 −2 4 6 1 −2 0 0 1
1 −1 2 −1 −2 0 1 1 0 3 −1 −2 9 6
⇒ [0 2 −3] = [ 9 2 −3] 𝑜𝑟 [−1 2 −2] = [ 0 2 1]
3 −2 4 6 1 −2 2 −3 4 1 −3 −2
Now the given system of equations is
𝑥 + 3𝑧 = 9
−𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 2𝑧 = 4
2𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 4𝑧 = −3
The system of equations can be written as AX = B
1 0 3 𝑥 9
where, A = [−1 2 −2] , 𝑋 = [𝑦] , 𝐵 = [ 4 ]
2 −3 4 𝑧 −3
Since, 𝐴−1 exists, so system of equations has a unique solution, given by
𝑋 = 𝐴−1 𝐵
𝑥 −2 9 6 9 −18 + 36 − 18 0
⇒ [𝑦] = [ 0 2 1 ] [4 ] = [ 8−3 ] = [5]
𝑧 1 −3 −2 3 9 − 12 + 6 3
⇒ 𝑥 = 0, 𝑦 = 5, 𝑧 = 3
49. Determine the product
−4 4 4 1 −1 1
[−7 1 3 ] [1 −2 −2] and use it to solve the system of equations 𝑥 − 𝑦 + 𝑧 =
5 −3 −1 2 1 3
4,
𝑥 − 2𝑦 − 2𝑧 = 9, 2𝑥 + 𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 1.
[CBSE 2017]
Solutions
−4 4 4 1 −1 1
We have, [−7 1 3 ] [1 −2 −2]
5 −3 −1 2 1 3
−4 + 4 + 8 4 − 8 + 4 −4 − 8 + 12 8 0 0
= [−7 + 1 + 6 7 − 2 + 3 −7 − 2 + 9 ] = [0 8 0] = 8𝐼
5 − 3 − 2 −5 + 6 − 1 5+6−3 0 0 8
−4 4 4 1 −1 1
1
⇒ 8 [−7 1 3 ] [1 −2 −2] = 𝐼
5 −3 −1 2 1 3
1 −1 1 −1 −4 4 4
1
⇒ [1 −2 −2] = 8 [−7 1 3]
2 1 3 5 −3 −1
The given system of equations is
𝑥 − 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 4, 𝑥 − 2𝑦 − 2𝑧 = 9, 2𝑥 + 𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 1 and it can be written as
AX = B, where
1 −1 1 𝑥 4
A = [1 −2 −2] , 𝑋 = [𝑦] , 𝐵 = [9]
2 1 3 𝑧 1
Here, |𝐴| = 1(−6 + 2) + 1(3 + 4) + 1(1 + 4)
= −4 + 7 + 5 = 8 ≠ 0
So, the given system of equations has a unique solution given by 𝑋 = 𝐴−1 𝐵.
𝑥 −4 4 4 4 −16 + 36 + 4
1 1
⇒ [𝑦] = 8 [−7 1 3 ] [9] = 8 [ −28 + 9 + 3 ]
𝑧 5 −3 −1 1 20 − 27 − 1
24 3
1
= 8 [−16] = [−2] ⇒ 𝑥 = 3, 𝑦 = −2, 𝑧 = −1
−8 −1
 3 1
50. For A = [ ], then 14𝐴−1 is given by
−1 2
2 −1 4 −2 2 −1 −3 −1
(a) 14 [ ] (b) [ ] (c) 2 [ ] (d) 2 [ ]
1 3 2 6 1 −3 1 −2
[CBSE SQP 2021-22]
Solutions

(b) : We have, |A| = 6 + 1 = 7

2 −1
Also, adj A = [ ]
1 3
1 1 2 −1
Now, 𝐴−1 = |𝐴| 𝑎𝑑𝑗 (𝐴) = 7 [ ]
1 3
4 −2
∴ 14𝐴−1 = [ ]
2 6

1 2 0
51. If A = [−2 −1 −2], find 𝐴−1. Hence solve the system of equations;
0 −1 1
𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 10, 2𝑥 − 𝑦 − 𝑧 = 8, −2𝑦 + 𝑧 = 7
[CBSE SQP 2020-21]
Solutions

1 2 0
We have, A = [−2 −1 −2]
0 −1 1
∴ |𝐴| = 1(−1 − 2) − 2(−2 − 0) + 0 = −3 + 4 = 1 ≠ 0
∴ 𝐴−1 exists.
−3 −2 −4
Now, adj A = [ 2 1 2]
2 1 3
−3 −2 −4
−1 1
∴ 𝐴 = |𝐴| (𝑎𝑑𝑗 𝐴) = [ 2 1 2]
2 1 3
The given equations can be written as
 1 −2 0 𝑥 10
[2 −1 −1] [𝑦] = [ 8 ]
0 −2 1 𝑧 7
Which of the form A’X = B
⇒ 𝑋 = (𝐴′ )−1 𝐵 = (𝐴−1 )′𝐵
𝑥 −3 2 2 10 0
⇒ [𝑦] = [−2 1 1] [ 8 ] = [−5]
𝑧 −4 2 3 7 −3
⇒ 𝑥 = 0, 𝑦 = −5, 𝑧 = −3

52. Evaluate the product AB, where

1 −1 0 2 2 −4
A = [2 3 4] and B = [−4 2 −4]
0 1 2 2 −1 5
Hence solve the system of linear equations
𝑥 − 𝑦 = 3, 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 4𝑧 = 17, 𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 7
[CBSE SQP 2020-21]
Solutions

We have,
1 −1 0 2 2 −4 6 0 0
𝐴𝐵 = [2 3 4] [−4 2 −4] = [0 6 0]
0 1 2 2 −1 5 0 0 6
1
⇒ 𝐴𝐵 = 6𝐼 ⇒ 𝐴−1 = 6 (𝐵)

The given equations can be written as

1 −1 0 𝑥 3
[2 3 4] [𝑦] = [17]
0 1 2 𝑧 7
Which is of the form AX = C
⇒ 𝑋 = 𝐴−1 𝐶
𝑥 2 2 −4 3 12
1 1
⇒ [𝑦] = 6 [−4 2 −4] [17] = 16 [−6]
𝑧 2 −1 5 7 24
𝑥 2
⇒ [𝑦] = [−1] ⇒ 𝑥 = 2, 𝑦 = −1, 𝑧 = 4
𝑧 4
 Word Problems

53. The monthly incomes of Aryan and Babban are in the ratio 3 : 4 and their monthly
expenditures are in the ratio 5 : 7. If each saves Rs. 15,000 per month, find their monthly
incomes using matrix method. This problem reflects which value?
[CBSE 2016]
Solutions

Let the monthly income of Aryan be Rs. 3x and that of Babban be Rs. 4x.
Also, let monthly expenditure of Aryan be Rs. 5y and that of Babban be Rs. 7y.
According to question,
3𝑥 − 5𝑦 = 15000
4𝑥 − 7𝑦 = 15000
These equations can be written as AX = B
3 −5 𝑥 15000
Where, A = [ ] , 𝑋 = [𝑦] , 𝐵 = [ ]
4 −7 15000
|𝐴| = |3 −5| = (−21 + 20) = −1 ≠ 0
4 −7
Thus, 𝐴−1 exist. So, system of equations has a unique solution and given by 𝑋 = 𝐴−1 𝐵
−7 5
Now, adj (A) = [ ]
−4 3
𝑎𝑑𝑗(𝐴) 7 −5
∴ 𝐴−1 = |𝐴| = [ ]
4 −3
7 −5 15000
Now, 𝑋 = 𝐴−1 𝐵 = [ ][ ]
4 −3 15000
𝑥 30000
⇒ [𝑦 ] = [ ] ⇒ 𝑥 = 30000 and 𝑦 = 15000
15000
So, monthly income of Aryan = 3 × 30000
= Rs. 90000
Monthly income of Babban = 4 × 30000 = Rs. 120000
From this question we are encouraged to save a part of money every month.
54. A trust invested some money in two type of bonds. The first bond pays 10% interest and
second bond pays 12% interest. The trust received Rs. 2,800 as interest. However, if trust
had interchanged money in bonds they would have got Rs. 100 less as interest. Using
matrix method, find the amount invested by the trust. Interest received on this amount
will be given to Helpage India as donation. Which value is reflected in this question?

Solutions
Let Rs. x be invested in the first bond and Rs. y be invested in the second bond.
According to question,
10𝑥 12𝑦
+ 100 = 2800 ⇒ 10𝑥 + 12𝑦 = 280000 …(i)
100

If the rate of interest had been interchanged, then the toal interest earned is Rs. 100 less
than the previous interest i.e., Rs. 2700.
12𝑥 10𝑦
∴ + 100 = 2700 ⇒ 12𝑥 + 10𝑦 = 270000 …(ii)
100

The system of equations (i) and (ii) can be represented as

10 12 𝑥 280000
AX = B where A = [ ] , 𝑋 = [𝑦 ] , 𝐵 = [ ]
12 10 270000
|𝐴| = |10 12| = 100 − 144 = −44 ≠ 0
12 10
Thus, 𝐴−1 exists. So, system of equations has a unique solution and given by X = 𝐴−1 𝐵
10 −12
𝑎𝑑𝑗 𝐴 = [ ]
−12 10
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝐴
Now, 𝑋 = 𝐴−1 𝐵 ⇒ 𝑋 = |𝐴|
𝐵
𝑥 1 10 −12 280000
⇒ [𝑦] = (−44) [ ][ ]
−12 10 270000
𝑥 1 −440000 1000
⇒ [𝑦] = (−44) [ ]=[ ]
−660000 15000
⇒ 𝑥 = 10000 and y = 15000
Therefore, Rs. 10,000 be invested in the first bond and Rs. 15,000 be invested in the
second bond. Thus, the total amount invested by the trust = 10,000 + 15,000 = Rs.
25,000.
The interest received will be given to Helpage India as donation reflects the helping and
caring nature of the trust.
55. A coaching institute of English (Subject) conducts classes in two batches I and II and fees
for rich and poor children are different. In batch I, it has 20 poor and 5 rich children and
total monthly collection is Rs. 9,000, whereas in batch II, it has 5 poor and 25 rich
children and total monthly collection is Rs. 26,000. Using matrix method, find monthly
fees paid by each child of two types. What values the coaching institute is inculcating in
the society?
[CBSE 2016]
Solutions
Let the monthly fees paid by poor and rich children be Rs. x and Rs. y respectively.
For batch I : 20𝑥 + 5𝑦 = 9000 …(i)
For batch II : 5𝑥 + 25𝑦 = 26000 …(ii)
The system of equations (i) and (ii) can be written as
AX = B
20 5 𝑥 9000
where, A = [ ] , 𝑋 = [𝑦] and B = [ ]
5 25 26000
|𝐴| = |20 5 | = 500 − 25 = 475 ≠ 0
5 25
Thus, 𝐴−1 exists. So, the given system has a unique solution and it is given by 𝑋 =
𝐴−1 𝐵.
25 −5
𝑎𝑑𝑗 𝐴 = [ ]
−5 20
𝒂𝒅𝒋𝑨 1 25 −5
𝑨−𝟏 = |𝑨| = 475 [ ]
−5 20
Now, 𝑋 = 𝐴−1 𝐵
𝑥 1 25 −5 9000
⇒ [𝑦] = 475 [ ][ ]
−5 20 26000
𝑥 1 95000 𝑥 200
⇒ [𝑦 ] = [ ] ⇒ [𝑦 ] = [ ]
475 475000 1000
⇒ 𝑥 = 200, 𝑦 = 1000
Hence, the monthly fees paid by each poor child is Rs. 200 and the monthly fees paid by
each rich child is Rs. 1000.
By offering discount to the poor children, the coaching institute offers an unbiased
chance for the development and enhancement of the weaker section of our society.
56. Two schools A and B decided to award prizes to their students for three values, team
spirit, truthfulness and tolerance at the rate of Rs. x, Rs. y and Rs. z per student
respectively. School A, decided to award a total of Rs. 1,100 for the three values to 3, 1
and 2 students respectively while school B decided to award Rs. 1,400 for the three
values to 1, 2 and 3 students respectively. If one prize for all the three values together
amount to Rs. 600 then
(i) Represent the above situation by a matrix equation after forming linear equations.
(ii) Is it possible to solve the system of equations so obtained using matrices?
(iii) Which value you prefer to be rewarded most and why?
[CBSE 2015C]
Solutions
(i) Given, value of prize for team spirit = Rs x
Value of prize for truthfulness = Rs. y
Value of prize for tolerance = Rs. z
Linear equation for School A is 3𝑥 + 𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 1100
Linear equation for School B is 𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 1400
Linear equation for Prize is 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 600
The corresponding matrix equation is 𝑃𝑋 = 𝑄
3 1 2 𝑥 1100
where, P = [1 2 3] ; 𝑋 = [𝑦] and Q = [1400]
1 1 1 𝑧 600
3 1 2
(ii) Now |𝑃| = |1 2 3|
1 1 1
= 3. (2 − 3) − 1. (1 − 3) + 2. (1 − 2)
= −3 + 2 − 2 = −3 ≠ 0
Thus, P-1 exists. So, system of equations has unique solution and it is given by X = P-1Q
Now, cofactors of elements of P are
𝐴11 = −1, 𝐴12 = 2, 𝐴13 = −1.
𝐴21 = 1, 𝐴22 = 1, 𝐴23 = −2
𝐴31 = −1, 𝐴32 = −7, 𝐴33 = 5
 −1 1 −1
∴ 𝑎𝑑𝑗 𝑃 = [ 2 1 −7]
−1 −2 5
−1 1 −1
1 1
𝑃−1 = |𝑃| . 𝑎𝑑𝑗 𝑃 = − 3 [ 2 1 −7]
−1 −2 5
Now, 𝑋 = 𝑃−1 𝑄
𝑥 −1 1 −1 1100
1
⇒ [𝑦] = − 3 [ 2 1 −7] [1400]
𝑧 −1 −2 5 600
−300 100
1
= − 3 [−600] = [200] ⇒ 𝑥 = 100, 𝑦 = 200, 𝑧 = 300.
−900 300
Thus, the above system of equations is solvable.
(iii) The value truthfulness should be rewarded the most because a student who is truthful
will be also tolerant and will work with a team spirit in the school.

57. A shopkeeper has 3 varieties of pens 'A', 'B' and 'C. Meenu purchased 1 pen of each
variety for a total of Rs. 21. Jeevan purchased 4 pens of 'A' variety, 3 pens of 'B' variety
and 2 pens of 'C' variety for Rs. 60. While Shikha purchased 6 pens of 'A' variety, 2 pens
of "B" variety and 3 pens of 'C' variety for Rs. 70. Using matrix method, find cost of each
variety of pen.
[CBSE 2016]
Solutions
Let one pen of variety 'A' costs Rs. x, one pen of variety ‘B’ costs Rs. y and one pen of
variety 'C' costs Rs. z.
According to question,
𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 21 (For Meenu)
4𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 60 (For Jeevan)
6𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 70 (For Shikha)
The given system of equations can be written as AX = B
1 1 1 𝑥 21
where, A = [3 4 2] , 𝑋 = [𝑦] and B = [60]
6 2 3 𝑧 70
 1 1 1
|𝐴| = |4 3 2| = 1(9 − 4) − 1(12 − 12) + 1(8 − 18) = −5 ≠ 0
6 2 3
∴ 𝐴−1 exists and system of equations has a unique solution given by 𝑋 = 𝐴−1 𝐵.
Now, 𝐴11 = 5, 𝐴12 = 0, 𝐴13 = −10,
𝐴21 = −1, 𝐴22 = −3, 𝐴23 = 4,
𝐴31 = −1, 𝐴32 = 2, 𝐴33 = −1
5 −1 −1
∴ 𝑎𝑑𝑗 𝐴 = [ 0 −3 2 ]
−10 4 −1
5 −1 −1
𝟏 1
𝑨−𝟏 = |𝑨| (𝒂𝒅𝒋 𝑨) = (−5) [ 0 −3 2 ]
−10 4 −1
Now, 𝑋 = 𝐴−1 𝐵
𝑥 5 −1 −1 21 𝑥 −25
1 1
⇒ [𝑦] = (−5) [ 0 −3 2 ] [60] ⇒ [𝑦] = (−5) [−40]
𝑧 −10 4 −1 70 𝑧 −40
𝑥 5
⇒ [𝑦] = [8] ⇒ 𝑥 = 5, 𝑦 = 8, 𝑧 = 8
𝑧 8
∴ cost of 1 pen of variety ‘A’ = Rs. 5
Cost of 1 pen of variety ‘B’ = Rs. 8
Cost of 1 pen of variety ‘C’ = Rs. 8

58. Two schools P and Q want to award their selected students on the values of discipline,
politeness and punctuality. The school P wants to award Rs. x each, Rs. y each and Rs. z
each for the three respective values to its 3, 2 and 1 students with a total award money of
Rs. 1,000, School Q wants to spend Rs. 1,500 to award its 4, 1 and 3 students on the
respective values (by giving the same award money for the three values as before). If the
total amount of awards for one prize on each value is Rs. 600, using matrices, find the
award money for each value.
Apart from the above three values, suggest one more value for awards.
[CBSE 2014]
Solutions
According to question, we have
3𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 𝑧 = 1000 …(i)
4𝑥 + 𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 1500 …(ii)
𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 600 …(iii)
The given system of equations can be written as AX = B
3 2 1 𝑥 1000
where, A = [4 1 3] , 𝑋 = [𝑦] and B = [1500]
1 1 1 𝑧 600
3 2 1
|𝐴| = |4 1 3| = −5 ≠ 0
1 1 1
∴ A is invertible and system of equations has a unique solution given by X = 𝐴−1 𝐵
Now, 𝐴11 = −2, 𝐴12 = −1, 𝐴13 = 3,
𝐴21 = −1, 𝐴22 = 2, 𝐴23 = −1,
𝐴31 = 5, 𝐴32 = −5, 𝐴33 = −5
−2 −1 5
∴ 𝑎𝑑𝑗 𝐴 = [−1 2 −5]
3 −1 −5
−2 −1 5
−1 𝑎𝑑𝑗 (𝐴) −1
∴ 𝐴 = |𝐴| = 5 [−1 2 −5]
3 −1 −1
Now, X = 𝐴−1 𝐵
𝑥 −2 −1 5 1000 −500
−1 −1
⇒ [𝑦] = 5 [−1 2 −5] [1500] = 5 [−1000]
𝑧 3 −1 −5 600 −1500
𝑥 100
⇒ [𝑦] = [200] ⇒ 𝑥 = 100, 𝑦 = 200, 𝑧 = 300
𝑧 300
Hence the money awarded for discipline, politeness and punctuality are Rs. 100, Rs. 200
and Rs. 300 respectively.
Apart from the above three values schools can award children for sincerity.
59. Two schools A and B want to award their selected students on the values of sincerity,
truthfulness and helpfulness. The school A wants to award Rs. x each. Rs. y each and Rs.
z each for the three respective values to 3,2 and 1 students respectively with a total award
money of Rs. 1,600. School B wants to spend Rs. 2,300 to award its, 4, 1 and 3 students
on the respective values (by giving the same award money to the three values as before).
If the total amount of award for one prize on each value is Rs. 900, using matrices, find
the award money for each value. Apart from these three values, suggest one more value
which should be considered for award.
[CBSE 2014]
Solutions
According to question, we have
3𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 𝑧 = 1600 …(i)
4𝑥 + 𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 2300 …(ii)
𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 900 …(iii)
The given system of equations can be written as AX = B
3 2 1 𝑥 1600
where A = [4 1 3] , 𝑋 = [𝑦] , 𝐵 = [2300]
1 1 1 𝑧 900
3 2 1
|𝐴| = |4 1 3| = −5 ≠ 0
1 1 1
∴ A is invertible and system of equations has a unique solution given by X = 𝐴−1 𝐵
Now, 𝐴11 = −2, 𝐴12 = −1, 𝐴13 = 3,
𝐴21 = −1, 𝐴22 = 2, 𝐴23 = −1,
𝐴31 = 5, 𝐴32 = −5, 𝐴33 = −5
−2 −1 5
∴ 𝑎𝑑𝑗 𝐴 = [−1 2 −5]
3 −1 −5
−2 −1 5
𝑎𝑑𝑗 (𝐴) −1
∴ 𝐴−1 = |𝐴| = 5 [−1 2 −5]
3 −1 −5
Now, 𝑋 = 𝐴−1 𝐵
𝑥 −2 −1 5 1600 −1000
−1 −1
⇒ [𝑦] = 5 [−1 2 −5] [2300] = 5 [−1500]
𝑧 3 −1 −5 900 −2000
 𝑥 200
⇒ [𝑦] = [300]
𝑧 400
⇒ 𝑥 = 200, 𝑦 = 300, 𝑧 = 400
Hence, the money awarded for sincerity, truthfulness and helpfulness are Rs. 200, Rs.
300 and Rs. 400 respectively.
Apart from the above three values schools can award children for discipline.

60. Two schools P and Q want to award their selected students on the values of tolerance,
kindness and leadership. The school P wants to award Rs. x each, Rs. y each and Rs. z
each for the three respective values to its 3, 2 and 1 students respectively with a total
award money of Rs. 2200. School Q wants to spend 3100 to award its 4, 1 and 3 students
on the respective values (by giving the same award money for the three values as school
P). If the total amount of award for one prize on each value is Rs. 1200, using matrices,
find the award money for each value.
Apart from the above these three values, suggest one more value which should be
considered for award.
[CBSE 2014]
Solutions

According to question, we have

3𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 𝑧 = 2200 …(i)
4𝑥 + 𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 3100 …(ii)
𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 1200 …(iii)
The given system of equations can be written as AX = B, where
3 2 1 𝑥 2200
A = [4 1 3] , 𝑋 = [𝑦] , 𝐵 = [3100]
1 1 1 𝑧 1200
3 2 1
|𝐴| = |4 1 3| = −5 ≠ 0
1 1 1
∴ A is invertible and system of equations has a unique solution given by X =
𝐴−1 𝐵
 Now, 𝐴11 = −2, 𝐴12 = −1, 𝐴13 = 3,
𝐴21 = −1, 𝐴22 = 2, 𝐴23 = −1,
𝐴31 = 5, 𝐴32 = −5, 𝐴33 = −5
−2 −1 5
∴ 𝑎𝑑𝑗 𝐴 = [−1 2 −5]
3 −1 −5
−2 −1 5
𝒂𝒅𝒋 (𝑨) −1
∴ 𝑨−𝟏 = |𝑨| = 5 [−1 2 −5]
3 −1 −5
Now, 𝑋 = 𝐴−1 𝐵
𝑥 −2 −1 5 2200 −1500
−1 −1
⇒ [𝑦] = 5 [−1 2 −5] [3100] = 5 [−2000]
𝑧 3 −1 −5 1200 −2500
𝑥 300
⇒ 𝑦
[ ] = [400]
𝑧 500
⇒ 𝑥 = 300, 𝑦 = 400, 𝑧 = 500
Hence, the money awarded for tolerance, kindness and leadership are Rs. 300, Rs. 400
and Rs. 500 respectively.
Apart from the above three values schools can award children for sincerity.

61. A total amount of Rs. 7,000 is deposited in three different savings bank accounts with
1
annual interest rates of 5%, 8% and 82% respectively. The total annual interest from these

three accounts is Rs. 550. Equal amounts have been deposited in the 5% and 8% savings
accounts. Find the amount deposited in each of the three accounts, with the help of
matrices.
[CBSE 2014C]
Solutions
1
Let Rs. x, Rs. y and Rs. z be deposited at the rates of interest 5%, 8% and 8 2 %

respectively.
According to question,
𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 7000
𝑥−𝑦 =0
 5 8 17 1
𝑥. 100 + 𝑦. 100 + 𝑧. × 100 = 550
2

⇒ 10𝑥 + 16𝑦 + 17𝑧 = 110000

The system of equations can be written as AX = B
1 1 1 𝑥 7000
where, A = [ 1 −1 0 ] , 𝑋 = [𝑦] and B = [ 0 ]
10 16 17 𝑧 110000
1 1 1
|𝐴| = | 1 −1 0 | = 1(−17) − (17) + 1(16 + 10)
10 16 17
= −8 ≠ 0
∴ 𝐴−1 exists. So, system of equations has a unique solution and it is given by X =
𝐴−1 𝐵
Now, 𝐴11 = −17, 𝐴12 = −17, 𝐴13 = 26,
𝐴21 = −1, 𝐴22 = 7, 𝐴23 = −6
𝐴31 = 1, 𝐴32 = 1, 𝐴33 = −2
−17 −1 1
∴ 𝑎𝑑𝑗 𝐴 = [−17 7 1]
26 −6 −2
−17 −1 1
1 1
and 𝐴−1 = |𝐴| 𝑎𝑑𝑗 𝐴 = −8 [−17 7 1]
26 −6 −2
Now, X = 𝐴−1 𝐵
𝑥 −17 −1 1 7000
1
⇒ [𝑦] = − 8 [−17 7 1 ][ 0 ]
𝑧 26 −6 −2 110000
−9000 1125
1
= − 8 [ −9000 ] = [1125]
−38000 4750
⇒ 𝑥 = 1125 = 𝑦, 𝑧 = 4750
62. Two schools, P and Q, want to award their selected students for the values of sincerity,
truthfulness and hard work at the rate of Rs. x, Rs. y and Rs. z for each respective value
per student. School P awards its 2, 3 and 4 students on the above respective values with a
total prize money of Rs. 4,600, School Q wants to award its 3, 2 and 3 students on the
respective values with a total award money of Rs. 4,100. If the total amount of award
money for one prize on each value is Rs. 1,500, using matrices find the award money for
each value. Suggest one other value which the school can consider for awarding the
students.
[CBSE 2014C]
Solutions
According to question, we have
𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 1500
2𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 4𝑧 = 4600
3𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 4100
The system of equations can be written as AX = B
1 1 1 𝑥 1500
where, A = [2 3 4] ; 𝑋 = [𝑦] and B = [4600]
3 2 3 𝑧 4100
1 1 1
|𝐴| = |2 3 4|
3 2 3
= 1(9 − 8) − 1(6 − 12) + 1(4 − 9)
=1+6−5 =2 ≠ 0
∴ 𝐴−1 exists and so, system of equations has a unique solution given by X =
𝐴−1 𝐵
Now, 𝐴11 = 1, 𝐴12 = 6, 𝐴13 = −5,
𝐴21 = −1, 𝐴22 = 0, 𝐴23 = 1,
𝐴31 = 1, 𝐴32 = −2, 𝐴33 = 1
1 −1 1
∴ 𝑎𝑑𝑗 𝐴 = [ 6 0 −2]
−5 1 1
1 −1 1
1 1
𝐴−1 = |𝐴| . 𝐴 = 2 [ 6 0 −2]
−5 1 1
Now, 𝑋 = 𝐴−1 𝐵
𝑥 1 −1 1 1500
1
⇒ [𝑦] = 2 [ 6 0 −2] [4600]
𝑧 −5 1 1 4100
1000 500
1
= 2 [ 800 ] = [400] ⇒ 𝑥 = 500; 𝑦 = 400; 𝑧 = 600.
1200 600
 Apart from sincerity, truthfulness and hard work, the schools can include an award for
regularity.

63. A school wants to award its students for the value of honesty, regularity and hard work
with a total cash award of Rs. 6,000. Three times the award money for hard work added
to that given for honesty amounts to Rs. 11,000. The award money given for honesty and
hard work together is double the one given for regularity. Represent the above situation
algebraically and find the award money for each value, using matrix method. Apart from
these values, namely, honesty, regularity and hard work, suggest one more value which
the school must include for awards.
[CBSE 2013]
Solutions

Let the award money for honesty = Rs. X

Let the award money for regularity = Rs. Y
Let the award money for hard work = Rs. Z
According to question, we have
𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 6000; 3𝑧 + 𝑥 = 1100; 𝑥 + 𝑧 − 2𝑦 = 0
The system of equations can be written as AX = B
1 1 1 𝑥 6000
where, A = [1 0 3] , 𝑋 = [𝑦] , 𝐵 = [11000]
1 −2 1 𝑧 0
1 1 1
Now, |𝐴| = |1 0 3|
1 −2 1
= 1(0 + 6) − 1(1 − 3) + 1(−2 − 0)
= 6 − (−2) − 2 = 6 ≠ 0
∴ A is invertible. So, the given system has a unique solution given by X = 𝐴−1 𝐵
Now, 𝐴11 = 6, 𝐴12 = 2, 𝐴13 = −2
𝐴21 = −3, 𝐴22 = 0, 𝐴23 = 3
𝐴31 = 3, 𝐴32 = −2, 𝐴33 = −1
 6 −3 3
∴ 𝑎𝑑𝑗 (𝐴) = [ 2 0 −2]
−2 3 −1
6 −3 3
𝟏 1
𝑨−𝟏 = |𝑨| 𝒂𝒅𝒋 (𝑨) 6 [ 2 0 −2]
−2 3 −1
Now, 𝑋 = 𝐴−1 𝐵
𝑥 6 −3 3 600
1
⇒ [𝑦] = 6 [ 2 0 −2] [11000]
𝑧 −2 3 −1 0
3000 500
1
= 6 [12000] = [2000] ⇒ 𝑥 = 500, 𝑦 = 2000, 𝑧 = 3500
21000 3500
One more value which the school can include for award is discipline.

64. The management committee of a residential colony decided to award some of its
members (say x) for honesty, some (say y) for helping others and some others (say z) for
supervising the workers to keep the colony neat and clean. The sum of all the awardees is
12. Three times the sum of awardees for cooperation and supervision added to two times
the numbers of awardees for honesty is 33. If the sum of the number of awardees for
honesty and supervision is twice the number of awardees for helping others, using matrix
method, find the number of awardees of each category. Apart from these values, namely,
honesty, cooperation and supervision, suggest one more value which the management of
the colony must include for awards.
[CBSE 2013]
Solutions
According to question, we have 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 12
2𝑥 + 3(𝑦 + 𝑧) = 33 ⇒ 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 33
𝑥 + 𝑧 = 2𝑦 ⇒ 𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 𝑧 = 0
The system of equations can be written as AX = B
1 1 1 𝑥 12
Where, A = [2 3 3] ; 𝑋 = [𝑦] ; 𝐵 = [33]
1 −2 1 𝑧 0
 1 1 1
|𝐴| = |2 3 3| = 1(3 + 6) − 1(2 − 3) + 1(−4 − 3)
1 −2 1
=9+1−7 =3 ≠ 0
∴ 𝐴−1 exists. So, system of equations has a unique solution and it is given by
𝑋 = 𝐴−1 𝐵
Now, 𝐴11 = 9, 𝐴12 = 1, 𝐴13 = −7,
𝐴21 = −3, 𝐴22 = 0, 𝐴23 = 3, 𝐴31 = 0, 𝐴32 = −1, 𝐴33 = 1
9 −3 0
∴ 𝑎𝑑𝑗 𝐴 = [ 1 0 −1]
−7 3 1
9 −3 0
1 1
𝐴−1 = |𝐴| (𝑎𝑑𝑗 𝐴) = 3 [ 1 0 −1]
−7 3 1
Now, 𝑋 = 𝐴−1 𝐵
𝑥 9 −3 0 12 9 3
1 1
⇒ [𝑦] = 3 [ 1 0 −1] [33] = 3 [12] = [4]
𝑧 −7 3 1 0 15 5
⇒ 𝑥 = 3, 𝑦 = 4, 𝑧 = 5.
The management of the colony can include the awards for those members of the colony
who help for keeping the environment of the colony free from pollution.

65. Two institutions decided to award their employees for the three values of resourcefulness,
competence and determination in the form of prizes at the rate of Rs. x, Rs. y and Rs. z
respectively per person. The first institution decided to award respectively 4, 3 and 2
employees with a total prize money of Rs. 37,000 and the second institution decided to
award respectively 5, 3 and 4 employees with a total prize money of Rs. 47,000. If all the
three prizes per person together amount to Rs. 12,000 then using matrix method find the
value of x, y and z.
What values are described in the question?
[CBSE 2013C]
Solutions
According to question, we have
𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 12000
 4𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 37000
5𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 4𝑧 = 47000
The system of equations can be written as AX = B
1 1 1 𝑥 12000
Where, A = [4 3 2] ; 𝑋 = [𝑦] ; 𝐵 = [37000]
5 3 4 𝑧 47000
1 1 1
|𝐴| = |4 3 2|
5 3 4
= 1(12 − 6) − 1(16 − 10) + 1(12 − 15)
= 6 − 6 − 3 = −3 ≠ 0
∴ 𝐴−1 exists. So, system of equations has a unique solution and it is given by
𝑋 = 𝐴−1 𝐵
Now, 𝐴11 = 6, 𝐴12 = −6, 𝐴13 = −3
𝐴21 = −1, 𝐴22 = −1, 𝐴23 = 2,
𝐴31 = −1, 𝐴32 = 2, 𝐴33 = −1
6 −1 −1
∴ 𝑎𝑑𝑗 𝐴 = [−6 −1 2 ]
−3 2 −1
6 −1 −1
𝟏 1
𝑨−𝟏 = |𝑨| 𝒂𝒅𝒋 𝑨 = − 3 [−6 −1 2 ]
−3 2 −1
Now, 𝑋 = 𝐴−1 𝐵
𝑥 6 −1 −1 12000 −12000 4000
1 1
⇒ [𝑦] = − 3 [−6 −1 2 ] [37000] = − 3 [−15000] = [5000]
𝑧 −3 2 −1 47000 −9000 3000
⇒ 𝑥 = 4000, 𝑦 = 5000; 𝑧 = 3000
The values described in this question are resourcefulness, competence and determination.

66. Two factories decided to award their employees for three values of (a) adaptable to new
techniques. (b) careful and alert in difficult situations and (c) keeping calm in tense
situations, at the rate of Rs. x. Rs. y and Rs. z per person respectively. The first factory
decided to honour respectively 2. 4 and 3 employees with a total prize money of Rs.
29,000. The second factory decided to honour respectively 5, 2 and 3 employees with the
prize money of Rs. 30,500. If the three prizes per person together cost Rs. 9,500; then
(i) Represent the above situation by a matrix equation and form linear equations
using matrix multiplication.
(ii) Solve these equations using matrices.
(iii) Which values are reflected in this question?
[CBSE 2013C]
Solutions
(i) According to question, we have
𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 9500
2𝑥 + 4𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 29000
5𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 30500
The system of equations can be written as AX = B
1 1 1 𝑥 9500
Where, A = [2 4 3] ; 𝑋 = [𝑦] ; 𝐵 = [29000]
5 2 3 𝑧 30500
1 1 1
(ii) |𝐴| = |2 4 3|
5 2 3
= 1(12 − 6) − 1(6 − 15) + 1(4 − 20)
= 6 + 9 − 16 = −1 ≠ 0
∴ 𝐴−1 exists. So, system of equations has a unique solution and it is given by
𝑋 = 𝐴−1 𝐵
Now, 𝐴11 = 6, 𝐴12 = 9, 𝐴13 = −16,
𝐴 − 21 = −1, 𝐴22 = −2, 𝐴23 = 3,
𝐴31 = −1, 𝐴32 = −1, 𝐴33 = 2
6 −1 −1
∴ 𝑎𝑑𝑗 𝐴 = [ 9 2 −1]
−16 3 2
−6 1 1 −6 1 1
−1 1
𝐴 = |𝐴| . 𝑎𝑑𝑗 𝐴 = (−1) [−9 2 1 ] = [−9 2 1]
16 −3 −2 16 −3 −2
−6 1 1 9500
Now, 𝑋 = 𝐴−1 𝐵 = [−9 2 1 ] [29000]
16 −3 −2 30500
 𝑥 2500
⇒ [𝑦] = [3000]
𝑧 4000
⇒ 𝑥 = 2500, 𝑦 = 3000, 𝑧 = 4000.
(iii) The factories honours the most, those employees who are keeping calm in tense
situations.